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Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study

Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 933-948页

作者： iman Oraki Kohshou Reza Barati Meaghan Cassey Yorro Tim Leshchyshyn Adebola T. Adejumo Usman Ahmed Imre Kugler Murray Reynolds James McAndrew University of Wyoming Department of Petroleum Engineering Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA forum Energy Technologies Houston TX 77024 USA fracKnowledge//fracturing Horizontal Well Completions Inc. Calgary AB 72G 0X8 Canada Halliburton Houston TX 77032 USA Unconventional Oil and Gas technology and Development and WellDog Laramie WY 82070 USA IHS Markit Houston TX 77077 USA ferus Calgary AB T2P 3C5 Canada AirLiquide Greater Philadelphia Area Philadelphia 19019 USA

Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the en- tire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral ho- rizontal welis. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. With in- creasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. Water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of （fresh） water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value （NPV） to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for in- stance.

关键词： shale gas gas exploration fracturing techology fracturing fluid waterless fracturing.

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Cost-effectiveness of one-stage versus two-stage breast reconstruction in the United Kingdom

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2015年第1期2卷 320-325页

作者： Isabel Teo iman A.Azmy Department of Plastic Surgery St John’s Hospital at HowdenLivingstonWest Lothian EH546PPUK Department of Breast Surgery Chesterfield Royal Hospital-NHS Foundation TrustCalowChesterfieldDerbyshire S445BLUK

Aim:Permanent expanders allow for breast reconstruction as a single *** prostheses are more expensive than conventional tissue expanders,but this excess cost is markedly offset as only one operation is ***,if the revision rate is sufficiently high,then this effect is *** aim to compare costs of one-stage ***-stage reconstruction at a single center,taking into account explantation and unexpected admissions following ***:A retrospective review was carried out on all patients who underwent one-stage and two-stage reconstruction over a 5-year period by a single surgeon.A cost analysis was performed taking into account,explantation and additional ***:One hundred and forty-three one-stage and 45 two-stage procedures were *** explantation rate for one-stage procedures is 36%,at a mean of 12.9 months postimplantation,the majority of which were exchanged for silicone implants to improve ***(9%)of the two-stage procedures were explanted a mean of 18 months ***,one-stage reconstructions were significantly more expensive than the two-stage group(P=0.016).Conclusion:There are many benefits of one-stage breast ***,it does not appear to be cost-effective when additional admissions for explantation surgery are taken into account.

关键词： Breast reconstruction cost‑effectiveness latissimus dorsi flap McGhan^(TM)150 expander implant Natrelle^(TM)150 expander implant one‑stage breast reconstruction permanent tissue expanders

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Prevalence of occult hepatitis C in egyptian patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2011年第2期1卷 33-37页

作者： Yasmin Saad Soheir Zakaria iman Ramzy Maissa el Raziky Olfat Shaker Wafaa elakel Mohamed Said Mona Noseir Mai el-Daly Mohamed Abdel Hamid Gamal Esmat 不详

This study aim is to assess the prevalence of occult HCV infection among Egyptian patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAfLD) with elevated AST and ALT, and to correlate presence of occult HCV with severity of liver disease. Patients and Methods: After informed consent 27 patients with elevateed liver enzymes diagnosed as NAfLD were examined for demographic, clinical, laboratory data and Ultrasonography. Liver biopsy was done and tested for HCV RNA in tissue. Genotyping using RfLP analysis of PCR products in the 5’NCR was done for positive cases. Results: HCV RNA in tissue was positive in 11/27 patients (40.7%);genotype was 4a in all positive cases. AST and ALT values showed significantly lower values in occult HCV than the non HCV NAfLD group. Liver biopsy of studied patients showed no significant difference as regard inflammation and fibrosis according to METAVIR score. Conclusions: Occult HCV is highly prevalent among Egyptian NAfLD patients. It seems to induce a mild liver disease. Patients with elevated ALT and negative HCV RNA in sera might be investigated for tissue HCV RNA. follow up is recommended for the occult HCV patients to monitor progression to overt disease.

关键词： Genotype 4 Liver Enzymes NAfLD Occult HCV

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Ensemble-Based Approach for Efficient Intrusion Detection in Network Traffic

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第8期37卷 2499-2517页

作者： Ammar Almomani iman Akour Ahmed M.Manasrah Omar Almomani Mohammad Alauthman Esra’a Abdullah Amaal Al Shwait Razan Al Sharaa School of Computing Skyline University CollegeUniversity City of SharjahP.O.Box 1797SharjahUnited Arab Emirates IT-Department-Al-Huson University College Al-Balqa Applied UniversityP.O.Box 50IrbidJordan Information Systems Department College of Computing&InformaticsUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates Comp.Info Sciences(CIS)Division Higher Colleges of TechnologySharjahUnited Arab Emirates Computer Sciences Department Yarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan Computer Network and Information Systems Department The World Islamic Sciences and Education UniversityAmman11947Jordan Department of Information Security Faculty of Information TechnologyUniversity of PetraAmmanJordan

The exponential growth of Internet and network usage has neces-sitated heightened security measures to protect against data and network ***,executed through network packets,pose a significant challenge for firewalls to detect and prevent due to the similarity between legit-imate and intrusion *** vast network traffic volume also complicates most network monitoring systems and *** intrusion detection methods have been proposed,with machine learning techniques regarded as promising for dealing with these *** study presents an Intrusion Detection System Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning base(Random for-est,Decision Tree,and k-Nearest-Neighbors).The proposed system employs pre-processing techniques to enhance classification efficiency and integrates seven machine learning *** stacking ensemble technique increases performance by incorporating three base models(Random forest,Decision Tree,and k-Nearest-Neighbors)and a meta-model represented by the Logistic Regression *** using the UNSW-NB15 dataset,the pro-posed IDS gained an accuracy of 96.16%in the training phase and 97.95%in the testing phase,with precision of 97.78%,and 98.40%for taring and testing,*** obtained results demonstrate improvements in other measurement criteria.

关键词： Intrusion detection system(IDS) machine learning techniques stacking ensemble random forest decision tree k-nearest-neighbor

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T6SS-5 and the cGAS-STING pathway in Burkholderia pseudomallei infection and immunity

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第3期13卷 94-103页

作者： Noreafifah Semail Nik Mohd Noor Nik Zuraina Yasmin Khairani Muhammad Ismadi Nurul iman Mohamad Azian Harun Ismail Aziah Zakuan Zainy Deris Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains Malaysia16150 Kubang KerianKelantanMalaysia School of Biology Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversiti Teknologi MaraShah Alam40450 SelangorMalaysia Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine Universiti Sains Malaysia16150 Kubang KerianKelantanMalaysia

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a causative agent of melioidosis that can infect humans and animals in endemic countries,specifically in Southeast Asia and tropical Australia.A fundamental component for the pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei is the capability of the bacterium to enter,survive,replicate,and cause disease in a host cell by inducing the host cell *** fusion results in multinucleated-giant cell formation,thus enabling the dissemination of Burkholderia pseudomallei *** reacts to Burkholderia pseudomallei infection by activating the cGAS-STING pathway and subsequently limiting host's aberrant cell division and cellular replication by inducing autophagic cell *** this review,we discuss the host-pathogen interactions between the typeⅥsecretion system 5(T6SS-5)of Burkholderia pseudomallei and human cGAS pathway in melioidosis *** T6SS-5 is a main virulent factor in Burkholderia pseudomallei and the c GAS pathway is vital for host immune response,elucidating their functions is important for better understanding the pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei.

关键词： Burkholderia pseudomallei Melioidosis T6SS-5 c GAS-STING IfN-1

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Diffusion tensor imaging pipeline measures of cerebral white matter integrity: An overview of recent advances and prospects

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8450-8462页

作者： Amanina Ahmad Safri Che Mohd Nasril Che Mohd Nassir Ismail Nurul iman Nur Hartini Mohd Taib Anusha Achuthan Muzaimi Mustapha Department of Neurosciences School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaHealth CampusKubang Kerian 16150KelantanMalaysia Department of Radiology School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaHealth CampusKubang Kerian 16150KelantanMalaysia School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 USMPenangMalaysia Department of Neurosciences Hospital Universiti Sains MalaysiaKubang Kerian 16150KelantanMalaysia

Cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD)is a leading cause of age-related microvascular cognitive decline,resulting in significant morbidity and decreased quality of *** a progress on its key pathophysiological bases and general acceptance of key terms from neuroimaging findings as observed on the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),key questions on CSVD remain *** relationships and reliable lesion studies,such as white matter tractography using diffusion-based MRI(dMRI)are necessary in order to improve the assessment of white matter architecture and connectivity in *** tensor imaging(DTI)and tractography is an application of dMRI that provides data that can be used to non-invasively appraise the brain white matter connections via fiber tracking and enable visualization of individual patient-specific white matter fiber tracts to reflect the extent of CSVD-associated white matter ***,due to a lack of standardization on various sets of software or image pipeline processing utilized in this technique that driven mostly from research setting,interpreting the findings remain contentious,especially to inform an improved diagnosis and/or prognosis of CSVD for routine clinical *** this minireview,we highlight the advances in DTI pipeline processing and the prospect of this DTI metrics as potential imaging biomarker for CSVD,even for subclinical CSVD in at-risk individuals.

关键词： Diffusion tensor imaging White matter Cerebral small vessel disease Pipeline processing Tractography

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The rise of Plasmodium knowlesi cases:Implication to Malaysia’s malaria-free status

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第8期15卷 337-338页

作者： Ahmad Basyir Muhammad elora Nor Azman Nur Ashrina Eddie Nur iman Azmi Valerie Chong Tze Yee Zulkarnain Md Idris Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia Infectious Disease Group Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Malaria remains a major public health challenge *** is one of the world’s deadliest diseases,responsible for 627000 deaths worldwide in 2020 alone[1].In Malaysia,the Malaria Eradication Programme in Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysia Borneo in 1969 and 1967,respectively,drastically reduced the number of malaria cases in the country[2].Subsequently,the programme was further reinforced and improved,resulting in zero indigenous human malaria species in 2018[1].Currently,Malaysia has been identified as one of the World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region countries with zero indigenous cases for three consecutive years[1],thus eligible for the WHO certification of a malaria-free status country.

关键词： malaria cases Malaria

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Adult neurogenesis:a real hope or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar faiqa Sajid Tehreem iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza Jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Department of Physiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Department of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the process of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem *** process is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory *** has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early postnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous depletion of neural stem ***,recent years have seen tremendous progress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap between embryonic and adult ***,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem *** this notion,we talk about the importance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell prolife *** on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules play a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature ***,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired proliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkpoints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and prove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hope.

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrophic factor dentate gyrus hippocampus neural stem cells neurotrophic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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Circulating Levels of Hypoxia-regulating MicroRNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

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Current Medical Science 2022年第6期42卷 1231-1239页

作者： Amira M.Gamal-eldeen Cinderella A.fahmy Bassem M.Raafat fayez Althobaiti iman H.Bassyouni Roba M.Talaat Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia High Altitude Research Center Prince Sultan Medical ComplexAl-HawiyahTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory Centre of Excellence for Advanced SciencesNational Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Biochemistry Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Radiological Sciences Department College of Applied Medical SciencesTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Biotechnology Department Faculty of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityEl-Kasr El-Aini HospitalCairo12613Egypt Molecular Biology Department Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute(GEBRI)Sadat City UniversitySadat City32897Egypt

Objective MicroRNAs are fine regulators for gene expression during the post-transcriptional stage in many autoimmune ***(miR-210 and miR-21)play an important role in hypoxia and in inflammation-associated *** lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that would potentiate many pathological complications,including hemolytic *** study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxamiRs in SLE/hemolytic anemia *** This work was designed to analyze the circulating levels of↱the miR-210 and miR-21 expressions and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIf-α)in SLE/hemolytic anemia *** activity was evaluated for all patients by SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI).Clinical manifestations/complications and serological/hematological investigations were ***-αconcentration was assayed by elISA and expression of miR-21 and miR-210 was analyzed by *** The results indicated that the fold change of the miR-210/miR-21 expressions in plasma was significantly elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A strong positive correlation between the miR-210 and miR-21 expression levels was also *** the associated-disease complications,hypertension,arthritis,oral ulcers,and serositis were associated with a high circulating miR-210 expression,while the occurrence of renal disorders was associated with the increased miR-21 ***,the HIf-αlevel was remarkably elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A high positive correlation was recorded between the HIf-αconcentration and miR-210/miR-21 expression *** occurrence of oral ulcers,arthritis,and hypertension was associated with the increased HIf-α*** the other hand,SLEDAI and white blood cell count were positively correlated with miR-21/*** erythrocyte sedimentation rate was positively correlated with *** The dysregulation of the circulating miR-210/miR-210/HIf-1αlevels in SLE/hemolytic anemia pat

关键词： circulating hypoxamiRs miR-210 and miR-21 hypoxia-inducing factor-1α hemolytic anemia systemic lupus erythematosus

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Improving tribological properties of CP-Ti by in-situ fabrication of Ti-WC surface composite using a pinless WC-Co stirring tool

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第10期31卷 3688-3702页

作者： Meisam ASHOURI Reza TAGHIABADI Mohammad EMAMI Morteza SAGHAfI YAZDI iman ANSARIAN Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science Imam Khomeini International UniversityQazvin ***Iran Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of BonabBonab ***Iran

A surface Ti-WC composite was fabricated on CP-Ti by surface friction stirring(SfS)using a pinless WC-Cotool at a processing window of 800−2500 r/min and 8−50 mm/*** 1600 r/min-50 mm/min,a defect-free compositelayer with an average hardness of~HV 1170 is *** hardness was increased by WC and TiN reinforcingparticles,dissolved Co atoms in Ti,and the formation of ultrafine *** particles were incorporated into the Tisubstrate owing to the intense frictional interaction/heating at the tool-plate interface(~1000℃),which led to strengthloss and wear of the *** Williamson-Hall analysis of the XRD peaks of the SfSed sample confirmed a significantlysmall crystallite size(~100 nm).Wear tests showed that the wear resistance of the composite structure was about 4.5times higher than that of the *** analysis revealed a significant reduction in average value and fluctuations ofthe friction coefficient.

关键词： surface friction stirring CP-Ti Ti-WC surface composite hardness wear

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