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Quality assessment between calibrated highway safety manual safety performance functions and calibration functions for predicting crashes on freeway facilities

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第1期7卷 76-87页

作者： imalka c.matarage Sunanda Dissanayake Department of civil Engineering Kansas State UniuersityManhattanKS 66502USA

crash prediction models are commonly used for network screening in highway safety management process,where potential impacts of highway safety treatments are *** Highway Safety Manual(HSM)provides crash prediction models for various types of highway facilities that are often referred to as safety performance functions(SPFs).Freeway facility SPFs in the HSM were developed using data gathered from the states of california,Maine,and *** applying these HSM-default SPFs to a local jurisdiction,the HSM recommends calibration of HSM-default SPFs or development of jurisdiction-specific SPFs to improve the accuracy of crash *** study first calibrated the HSM-default freeway SPFs and for further accuracy and comparison purposes calibration functions were developed using Kansas freeway *** performance of calibrated HSM-default SPFs was then compared with developed calibration functions concerning the accuracy in crash *** facility calibration dataset included521 freeway segments,351 entrance-related speed-change lanes,and 366 exit-related speed-change *** residual plots and several other goodness-of-fit measures were used to assess the quality of calibrated HSM-default SPFs and calibration *** functions fitted better compared to calibrated HSM-default SPFs for Kansas freeway *** methodology used in this study could be beneficial and practiced to any *** functions could be used as an alternative to jurisdiction-specific SPFs or a replacement for HSM-default SPFs,which are frequently used in comparing alternatives,in calculating economic benefits of project improvements,and in estimating economic effectiveness of crash reduction in highway safety-related decision making.

关键词： Transportation Freeway segments Speed-change lanes crash prediction models Goodness-of-fit measures calibration factor

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Progress of Pb-Sn Mixed Perovskites for Photovoltaics: A Review

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 370-400页

作者： Rajapakshe Mudiyanselage Indrachapa Bandara Shashini M.Silva cameron c.L.Underwood K.D.G.imalka Jayawardena Radu A.Sporea S.Ravi P.Silva Advanced Technology Institute Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford Surrey GU27XHUnited Kingdom

Pb-Sn mixed perovskites are becoming increasingly popular as narrowbandgap(1.2–1.3 eV)light absorbers in single-junction perovskite solar cells(PScs)and as bottom cells for all-perovskite tandem solar cells,for highefficiency,low-cost,lightweight,roll-to-roll printable photovoltaic(PV)*** the first report of planar Pb:Sn mixed PScs in 2014,the power conversion efficiencies(PcE)have increased from 10%to 21%by the end of 2020 with an exponential growth in research conducted in this *** much effort,the performance and stability of Pb-Sn mixed PScs are still limited,which constrains their long-term use in all-perovskite tandem *** review highlights the avenues explored in improving different aspects of Pb-Sn mixed PScs and provides a comprehensive discussion of the interdependent factors affecting the device *** includes compositional engineering of the perovskite crystal,absorber layer fabrication and crystallization methods,bandgap tuning,Sn4+reduction,and surface passivation of the absorber layer,as well as the selection of interlayers and electrodes of the final PSc.

关键词： inorganic-organic hybrids lead-tin mixed perovskites perovskites photovoltaics solution-processed

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