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Multinational Measles Outbreak in Post-Elimination Era,Involves Three Countries of North America and a European Country in a Short Transmission Chain

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第2期5卷 79-87页

作者： Cuitláhuac Ruiz-Matus Lorena Suárez-Idueta ilse herbas-rocha Jose Luis Diaz-Ortega Edith Cruz-Ramírez Abraham Ramírez-Jurado Irma Lopez-Martínez Jose Cruz Rodríguez-Martínez Jose Alberto Díaz-Quinonez General Directorate of Epidemiology Ministry of HealthMexico CityMexico National Center for Health of Children and Adolescents Ministry of HealthMexico CityMexico National Institute of Public Health Mexico CityMexico Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference Ministry of Health MexicoMexico CityMexico State Health Services Quintana RooMexico

Background: Four measles cases in Canada and one in the United States are linked to international importation of measles in Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Objective: To describe characteristics of transmission and not spillover to local population in Mexico. Material and Methods: The outbreak investigation was based on active search of cases and in the rapid monitoring of vaccination coverage in children aged 1 - 7 years old. Laboratory confirmation by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and molecular detection by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay in throat swab and urine were done. Results: One transmission chain with three generations of cases was identified. The primary case was a 9-year-old boy who was infected in Wales, UK. His sisters aged 7 and 15 years old respectively, were the first generation of cases in Mexico. The second generation was related to the imported cases, and affected two Canadian tourists and an American woman aged 39 years old. A third generation occurred in Canada and affected an infant of 15 months of age and his sister aged 4 years old. The genotype D8 which was circulating in UK was identified in these patients. One probable case was detected in Quintana Roo, but was discarded by laboratory testing. The coverage with at least one dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine ranged from 95% to 99.5%. Conclusion: International travelers with no history of vaccination are at risk of acquiring measles even in countries that have interrupted endemic transmission. The high immunization coverage of measles containing vaccine could explain the absence of cases in Mexican population. Highlights: Multinational measles outbreak in a country without endemic transmission. The findings exhibit the importance of immunization in international travelers in the post-elimination era.

关键词： Measles Multinational Outbreak Transmission in Post-Elimination Era Genotype D8

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Perinatal Outcome of Inadvertent Immunization with the Measles-Rubella Vaccine in Pregnant Mexican Women during the Campaign for the Eradication of Congenital Rubella in 2008

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World Journal of Vaccines 2011年第1期1卷 1-4页

作者： Reyna Jesus herbas ilse Gómez Misael Vidal Patricia Richardson Vesta Cruz Edith Cruz Edith National Center for the Health of the Childhood and the Adolescence Ministery of Health Mexico

Objective: To investigate maternal and neonatal complications resulting from inadvertent immunization against rubella-measles during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A prospective and descriptive study was carried out, including a total of 1,924 pregnant women, 175 (9.1%) of which were classified as non responding to infection by the rubella virus. They underwent clinical and ultrasonographic follow-up to dismiss maternal or fetal complications and complications at the time of delivery. The infant was checked to determine demographic, anthropometric, serological and clinical features at the time of birth. Results: No women had complications during the pregnancy, including exanthematic symptoms. 174/175 newborns were studied;one pregnancy was interrupted based on non-medical arguments. The findings in terms of the analyzed patients suggest a benign evolution after inadvertently immunizing the pregnant women, which support studies with similar results. No complications during the course of the pregnancy or phenotypic alterations of the infant at the time of birth are suggested.

关键词： Congenital Rubella Pregnancy Perinatal Repercussion

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Application of Belgian endive(Cichorium intybus ***)dietary fiber concentrate to improve nutritional value and functional properties of plant-based burgers

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Food Bioscience 2022年第4期48卷 513-519页

作者： Anna Twarogowska Bart Van Droogenbroeck ilse Fraeye Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Technology and Food Science UnitBrusselsesteenweg 370BE-9090MelleBelgium Research Group for Technology and Quality of Animal Products Department M2SLeuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre(LFoRCe)KU Leuven Technology Campus GhentGebroeders De Smetstraat 19000GhentBelgium

Increasing consumer awareness of health and climate is being reflected in their dietary *** is reflected in the strong growth in the market for plant-based food,with plant-based burgers(PBB)being the most popular meat *** must be based on natural ingredients that increase nutritional value,improve technological properties,and create satisfying physical *** obtained from agri-food by-products can potentially meet all of these *** dietary fiber concentrate(DFC)produced from the forced roots of Belgian endive(Cichorium intybus ***)(by-product)has shown potential for application in *** soy protein with 5%and 10%of DFC from Belgian endive(DFC-BE)resulted in lower caloric value and sugar content and doubled dietary fiber concentration in the end product,enough to justify a“high fiber”nutrition claim(>6 g per 100 g).Baking properties such as baking yield,moisture retention,and dimeter reduction also *** of DFC-BE can also be used to regulate pH,color,texture profile,and sensory *** recipes must be adjusted to obtain the required results.

关键词： Belgian endive Cichorium intybus Plant-based food Dietary fiber concentrates Functional properties

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Dynamics of air transport networks：A review from a complex systems perspective

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第2期30卷 469-478页

作者： Luis E.C.rocha Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 17177 Sweden Department of Mathematics University of Namur 5000 Belgium

Air transport systems are highly dynamic at temporal scales from minutes to *** dynamic behavior not only characterizes the evolution of the system but also affect the system＇s *** the evolutionary mechanisms is thus fundamental in order to better design optimal air transport networks that benefits companies,passengers and the *** this review,we briefly present and discuss the state-of-the-art on time-evolving air transport *** distinguish the structural analysis of sequences of network snapshots,ideal for long-term network evolution（*** evolution）,and temporal paths,preferred for short-term dynamics（*** evolution）.We emphasize that most previous research focused on the first modeling approach（***-term） whereas only a few studies look at high-resolution temporal *** conclude the review highlighting that much research remains to be done,both to apply already available methods and to develop new measures for temporal paths on air transport *** particular,we identify that the study of delays,network resilience and optimization of resources（aircraft and crew） are critical topics.

关键词： Air transport Airport network Complex network Dynamic network Temporal network

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Pesticides in a temperate coastal lagoon in southwest Europe (Ria de Aveiro, Portugal) – Risk assessment and acute assays with Artemia and Daphnia

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第2期10卷 40-56页

作者： Maria João rocha Eduardo rocha Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Department of MicroscopyICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Porto(U.Porto)Portugal Team of Animal Morphology and Toxicology Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research(CIIMAR/CIMAR)U.PortoPortugal

The Ria de Aveiro lagoon has been considered one of the most important Southern European long-term monitoring sites(LTER-site)concerning climate change and anthropogenic ***,studies concerning pesticide contamination herein are few and mostly ***,56 pesticides dissolved in the aqueous phase(DAP)and suspended particulate matter(SPM)were examined to fill the knowledge gap,considering the hydrophobic nature of most evaluated *** samples were taken seasonally from eight sites,and both DAP and SPM fractions were analysed by gas-chromatography-mass *** annual average concentrations of fungicides,herbicides and insecticides were≈57 ng/L,≈409 ng/L and≈1058 ng/L in DAP and≈7μg/g,≈28μg/g and≈67μg/g in *** pesticides and the excessive phosphate concentrations suggest that the lagoon's water quality may be hazardous to biota and *** were identified as the most threatened trophic level using deterministic risk assessment,with chlorpyriphos and chlorfenvinphos being the primary *** experiments with Artemia and Daphnia supported the suppositions.

关键词： Coastal lagoon Invertebrate bioassays Risk evaluation Waterborne pesticides

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The Atlas of Brazilian Digital Literature

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2022年第2期6卷 19-27页

作者： Rejane rocha Federal University of São Carlos

The Atlas of Brazilian Digital Literature is the first and the only digital archive of digital literature in Brazil to *** reunites the documentation(taxonomic description,images,videos,interviews with the authors,and critical fortune)of 150 works and *** article reports the challenges related to the construction and maintenance of the Atlas,which led to the formation of the Brazilian Digital Literature Observatory,a research group dedicated to follow and critically analyze the production of Brazilian digital literature,to propose alternatives for its preservation,and to discuss the changes in the literary system at a timewhenprintcultureanddigital culturecoexist.

关键词： Brazilian digital literature archive preservation literary system

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Novel highly active carbon supported ternary PdNiBi nanoparticles as I anode catalyst for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 683-693页

作者： Bernd Cermenek Johanna Ranninger Birgit Feketefoldi ilse Letofsky-Papst Norbert Kienzl Brigitte Bitschnau Viktor Hacker Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Inffeldgasse 25/C 8010 Graz Austria Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH/Materials Franz-Pichler-Strafie 30 8160 Weiz Austria Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy Graz University of Technology NAWI Graz Steyrergasse 17 8010 Graz Austria Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH Inffeldgasse 21/B 8010 Graz Austria Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of Technology Streymayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria

The study focuses on the in flue nee of Ni and Bi on alkali me etha nol oxidati on reacti on (EOR) activities, stabilities and structure characteristics of carb on supported Pd-based nano catalysts (Pd/C, Pd6oNi4o/C, Pd6oBi4o/C, Pd6oNi2oBi2o/C) by cyclic voltammetry/chr ono amperometry using rotating disk electrode and various physico-chemical methods such as X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Nickel generates more adsorbed OH on the Pd catalyst surface than Bi and promotes the oxidation of adsorbed ethanol species. This results in a low onset potential toward ethanol oxidation with high current density. The presenee of Bi facilitates high toleranee toward various reaction in termediates resulting from the incomplete etha nol oxidation, but might also initiate the agglomerati on of Pd nano particles. The no vel Pd60Ni20Bi20/C nanocatalyst displays exceptional byproduct toleranee, but only satisfying catalytic activity toward ethanol oxidation in an alkaline medium. Therefore, the EOR performanee of the novel carbon supported ternary PdxNiyBiz anode catalyst with various atomic variations (Pd70Ni25Bi5/C, Pd70Ni20Bi10/C, Pd80Ni10Bi10/C and Pd40Ni20Bi40/C) using the common instant reduction synthesis method was further optimized for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. The carbon supported Pd:Ni:Bi nano catalyst with atomic ratio of 70:20:10 displays outsta nding catalytic activity for the alkaline EOR compared to the other PdxNiyBiy/C nanocatalysts as well as to the benchmarks Pd/C, Pd60Ni40/C and Pd60Bi40/C. The synergy and the optimal content in consideration of the oxide species of Pd, Ni and Bi are crucial for the EOR kinetic enhancement in alkaline medium.

关键词： alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell catalytic activity ethanol oxidation reaction ternary PdNiBi nano catalysts structure characteristics

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Application of Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Energy Filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy for Microchemical Studies in 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第3期21卷 361-366页

作者： P.Parameswaran ilse Papst F.Hofer W.Grogger V.S.Raghunathan Materials Characterisation Group Research Institute for Electron MicroscopyResearch Institute for Electron MicroscopyResearch Institute for Electron MicroscopyMaterials Characterisation Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchKalpakkam 603 102IndiaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaTech.Univ.A-8010GrazAustriaIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic ResearchKalpakkam 603 102India

Electron enregy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) investigation on 2.25Cr-lMo steel was carried out to understand the nature of evolution of secondary carbides. The filtered images obtained from two different ageing treatments indicate that the steel evolves to a more stable carbide namely M23C6 in comparison to M2C. Microchemical information was generated from EELS spectra. Suitable choice for estimating the microchemical state was discussed. To evaluate the behaviour of ageing an elemental ratio of Fe to Cr is employed.

关键词： Ferritic steels 2.25Cr-lMo steel EFTEM EELS Ageing

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Virtual analysis of influence of a filter on mould filling

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China Foundry 2011年第4期8卷 432-437页

作者： Zhian XU Rob Van Tol ilse Evenepoel Sebastian De Boodt Peter Verschueren Sirris Technologiepark 935 BE-9052 Zwijnaarde Belgium Materialise Technologielaan 15 BE-3001 Leuven Belgium

Ceramic filters are used to avoid slag and impurities in foundry applications. When not properly applied, the presence of these filters may have a significant influence on mould filling. 3-D casting simulation has been applied to study the effects of the use of a ceramic filter on the metal flow in a gating system. Instead of using a pressure drop model to represent the behaviour of a fluid metal flow passing through a filter, a real exact filter geometry, which is created by a high resolution CT-scan and a non-destructive imaging technique, in the gating system is applied in the simulation. In this research, nodular cast iron is poured into a block casting. A depressurized gating system is used. After a choke, a filter with different orientations is placed in the system. Mould filling coupled with temperature is simulated. Geometries using different orientations of the filter, and without the filter have been researched. The simulated results show that the filter has no influence on the pouring time of the casting if the choke section is small enough compared to the effective section of the filter. Although the filter has no significant influence on the flow patterns in the block casting itself, the flow patterns in the filter zone are different. When the liquid metal passes a horizontal filter, it will be broken into many small streams and show a shower effect. After the part under the filter is full, the shower effect disappears. When the filter is located at the vertical position, due to the gravity, the shower effect is less. If no filter presents on the system, the liquid metal passes through the filter zone with a high speed and causes surface turbulence.

关键词： ceramic filters 3D casting simulation gating system CT-scan

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Evaluation of Tire/Surfacing/Base Contact Stresses and Texture Depth

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International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2015年第1期4卷 107-118页

作者： W.J.vdM.Steyn M.ilse Department of Civil Engineering University of PretoriaLynnwood roadHatfield South Africa

Tire rolling resistance has a major impact on vehicle fuel *** resistance is the loss of energy due to the interaction between the tire and the pavement *** interaction is a complicated combination of stresses and strains which depend on both tire and pavement related *** include vehicle speed,vehicle weight,tire material and type,road camber,tire inflation pressure,pavement surfacing texture *** this paper the relationship between pavement surface texture depth and tire/surfacing contact stress and area is *** depth and tire/surfacing contact stress were measured for a range of tire inflation pressures on five different pavement *** the analysis the relationship between texture and the generated contact stresses as well as the contact stress between the surfacing and base layer are presented and discussed,and the anticipated effect of these relationships on the rolling resistance of vehicles on the surfacings,and subsequent vehicle fuel economy discussed.

关键词： texture inflation rolling

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