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Field performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation on tomato crop growth, yield, water use efficiency, quality and profitability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第10期15卷 2380-2392页

作者： Khokan Kumer Sarker m.A.R.Akanda S.K.Biswas D.K.Roy A.Khatun m.A.Goffar Irrigation and Water management Division Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Horticulture Research Centre Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute

Sustainable irrigation method is now essential for adaptation and adoption in the areas where water resources are limited. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to test the performance of alternate wetting and drying furrow irrigation（AWDFI） on crop growth, yield, water use efficiency（WUE）, fruit quality and profitability analysis of tomato. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated thrice during the dry seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Irrigation water was applied through three ways of furrow： AWDFI, fixed wetting and drying furrow irrigation（FWDFI） and traditional（every） furrow irrigation（TFI）. Each irrigation method was divided into two levels： irrigation up to 100 and 80% field capacity（FC）. Results showed that plant biomass（dry matter） and marketable fruit yield of tomato did not differ significantly between the treatments of AWDFI and TFI, but significant difference was observed in AWDFI and in TFI compared to FWDFI at same irrigation level. AWDFI saved irrigation water by 35 to 38% for the irrigation levels up to 80 and 100% FC, compared to the TFI, respectively. AWDFI improved WUE by around 37 to 40% compared to TFI when irrigated with 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Fruit quality（total soluble solids and pulp） was found greater in AWDFI than in TFI. Net return from AWDFI technique was found nearly similar compared to TFI and more than FWDFI. The benefit cost ratio was viewed higher in AWDFI than in TFI and FWDFI by 2.8, 8.7 and 11, 10.4% when irrigation water was applied up to 100 and 80% FC, respectively. Unit production cost was obtained lower in AWDFI compared to TFI and FWDFI. However, AWDFI is a useful water-saving furrow irrigation technique which may resolve as an alternative choice compared with TFI in the areas where available water and supply methods are limited to irrigation.

关键词： alternate furrow irrigation alternate drying process tomato yield quality water use efficiency net return

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Petrogenesis of middle Triassic Volcaniclastic Rocks from Balochistan,Pakistan:Implications for the Break-Up of Gondwanaland

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第2期28卷 218-228页

作者： Rehanul Haq Siddiqui m.Qasim Jan m.Ishaq Kakar Andrew C.Kerr Abdul Salam Khan Ehsanullah Kakar Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Seiences Quetta 87300 Pakistan National Centre of Excellence in Geology University of Peshawar Pakistan & COMSTECH Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Centre of Excellence in mineralogy University of Balochistan Quetta 87300 Pakistan School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Main Building Park Place Cardiff Wales CF 10 3AT UK

Basaltic volcanic conglomerates near the Wulgai village in Balochistan occur in the undivided sedimentary rock unit of the Bagh complex which is the mélange zone beneath the muslim Bagh ophiolite. The presence of middle Triassic grey radiolarian chert within the upper and lower horizon of the conglomerates suggests that the lavas, from which these conglomerates were principally derived, were eroded and re-deposited in the middle Triassic. The Wulgai conglomerate contains several textural and mineralogical varieties of volcanic rocks, such as porphyritic, glomerophyric, intersertal and vitrophyric basalts. The main minerals identified in these samples are augite, olivine, plagioclase（An35–78） leucite and nosean, with apatite ilmenite, magnetite and hematite occurring as accessory minerals. These rocks are mildly to strongly-alkaline with low mg~# and low Cr, Ni and Co contents suggesting that their parent magma had undergone considerable fractionation prior to eruption. Trace element-enriched mantle-normalized patterns with marked positive Nb anomalies are consistent with 10%–15% melting of an enriched mantle source in a within-plate tectonic setting. It is proposed that this middle Triassic intra-plate volcanism may represent mantle plume-derived melts related to the Late Triassic rifting of micro-continental blocks（including Afghan, Iran, Karakorum and Lhasa） from the northern margin of Gondwana.

关键词： middle Triassic Wulgai volcaniclastics juvenile Ceno-Tethys

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Slope mass rating and kinematic analysis of slopes along the national highway-58 near Jonk, Rishikesh, India

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 600-606页

作者： Tariq Siddique m.masroor Alam m.E.A.mondal V.Vishal Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Department of Geology Aligarh Muslim University Department of Civil Engineering Aligarh Muslim University

The ro ad n etw o rk in th e H im alayan terrain , connecting re m o te areas e ith e r in th e valleys o r on th e hillslopes, plays a pivotal role in socio-econom ic d e v elo p m en t ofIn d ia. The planning, d ev elo p m en t an d evenm ain ten an ce o f ro ad an d rail netw o rk s in such precarious terrain s are alw ays a challenging task becauseo f com plexities p osed by topography, geological stru ctu res, varied lithology an d neotectonics. Increasingp o p u latio n an d c o n stru ctio n o f roads have led to destab ilisatio n o f slopes, th u s leading to m ass w astingand m ovem ent, fu rth e r aggravation d u e to recen t events o f cloud bu rsts and u n p re c e d e n te d flash floods.V ulnerability analysis o f slopes is an im p o rta n t co m p o n e n t for th e ＂Landslide H azard A ssessm ent＂ and＂Slope mass C h aracterisation＂ guide p lan n ers to p red ict an d choose suitable w ays for c o n stru ctio n ofroads and o th e r en g in eerin g stru ctu res. The pro b lem o f landslides along th e n ational highw ay-58 （NH-58） from Rishikesh to D evprayag is a co m m o n scene. The slopes along th e NH-58 b e tw e e n Jonk andRishikesh w ere investigated, w h ich experienced v ery heavy traffic especially from m arch to A ugust dueto pilgrim age to K edarnath shrine. On th e basis o f slope m ass rating （SmR） investigation, th e area falls instable class, an d landslide susceptibility score （LSS） values also indicate th a t th e slopes u n d e r investigationfall in low to m o d erate v ulnerability to landslide. more atte n tio n s should be paid to th e slopes toachieve g reater safe an d econom ic b enefits along th e highw ay.

关键词： Slope mass rating(SmR) Kinematic analysis Landslide susceptibility score(LSS) Vulnerability to landslide

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Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health,postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 493-503页

作者： S.meier J.K.Kay B.Kuhn-Sherlock A.Heiser m.D.mitchell m.A.Crookenden m.Vailati Riboni J.J.Loor J.R.Roche DairyNZ Limited Private Bag 3221Hamilton 3240New Zealand AgResearch Hopkirk Research InstituteGrasslands Research CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand Centre for Children’s Health Research Queensland University of TechnologyLevel 662 Graham StreetSouth BrisbaneQueensland 4101Australia DairyNZ Limited c/o University of Auckland3A Symonds StAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA ministry for Primary Industries-manatūAhu matua Charles Ferguson TowerPipiteaWellington 6140New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland 1142New Zealand

Background:In seasonal,pasture-based,dairy production systems,cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 *** achieve this,the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular *** these processes are affected by the cows’nutritional or metabolic status post-calving,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health,the length of postpartum anestrous interval,and reproductive *** treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period(far-off period;starting 4-month pre-calving)and three close-up dry period feeding regimes(1-month pre-calving)in a 2×3 factorial *** randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off *** late lactation,the herds(n=75 cows per herd)were either control-fed(Controlfed)or over-fed(Overfed)to achieve a low or high body condition score(4-month pre-calving;BCS;~4.25 and^4.75;10-point scale)at cessation of *** each of these treatments,three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period(1-month pre-calving):~65%(Feed65),~90%(Feed90),or^120%(Feed120)of metabolizable energy(mE)intakes relative to pre-calving ***:Uterine health improved(***(PmN)cells declined)with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed *** reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PmN at the highest intakes during the close-up *** postpartum anoestrous interval(PPAI)was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed(Feed90)during the close-up period;in comparison,the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group,when those cows were overfed in the close-up period(Feed120).The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes(Feed90)during the close-up period;these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed inta

关键词： Close-up Dairy cows Far-off Reproduction Transition period

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Synthesis of metal oxide composite nanosheets and their pressure sensing properties

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第2期36卷 18-23页

作者： muhammad Tariq Saeed Chani Sher Bahadar Khan Kh.S.Karimov m.Abid Abdullah m.Asiri Kalsoom Akhtar Center of Excellence for Advanced materials Research (CEAmR) King Abdulaziz University Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Interdisciplinary Research Center COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Physical Technical Institute of Academy of Sciences Division of Nano Sciences and Department of Chemistry Ewha Womans University

This study presents the synthesis of metal oxides composite nanosheets （oxides of cobalt, zinc and iron） and their pressure sensing properties. A transducer has been fabricated to directly measure the resistance- pressure and impedance-pressure relationships of pristine nanopowder. At the initial stage, a nanopowder sample of 10 mm diameter and 1 mm height was placed in the transducer and by applying pressure of up to 8.15 kN/m^2; the DC resistance and the impedance are reduced by 44% on average. It can be explained by the densification of the samples and a decrease in porosity due to the effect of pressure. It was also observed that the DC resistance increases with time and saturated within 8 min. It is considered that this phenomenon is based on the effect of displacement currents of bound charges. The dependences of the impedance phase （8） on frequency and pressure have also been investigated.

关键词： nanostructures oxides chemical synthesis optical properties electron microscopy

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Predicting beach profile evolution with group method data handling-type neural networks on beaches with seawalls

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frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 117-126页

作者： m.A.LASHTEH NESHAEI m.A.mEHRDAD N.ABEDImAHZOON N.ASADOLLAHI Department of Civil Engineering Guilan UniversityP.O.BOX:3756RashtIran

A major goal of coastal engineering is to develop models for the reliable prediction of short-and longterm near shore *** most successful coastal models are numerical models,which allow flexibility in the choice of initial and boundary *** the present study,evolutionary algorithms(EAs)are employed for multi-objective Pareto optimum design of group method data handling(GmDH)-type neural networks that have been used for bed evolution modeling in the surf zone for reflective beaches,based on the irregular wave experiments performed at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Imperial College(London,UK).The input parameters used for such modeling are significant wave height,wave period,wave action duration,reflection coefficient,distance from shoreline and sand *** this way,EAs with an encoding scheme are presented for evolutionary design of the generalized GmDH-type neural networks,in which the connectivity configurations in such networks are not limited to adjacent ***,multi-objective EAs with a diversity preserving mechanism are used for Pareto optimization of such GmDH-type neural *** most important objectives of GmDH-type neural networks that are considered in this study are training error(TE),prediction error(PE),and number of neurons(N).Different pairs of these objective functions are selected for two-objective optimization ***,optimal Pareto fronts of such models are obtained in each case,which exhibit the trade-offs between the corresponding pair of the objectives and,thus,provide different non-dominated optimal choices of GmDH-type neural network model for beach profile *** results showed that the present model has been successfully used to optimally prediction of beach profile evolution on beaches with seawalls.

关键词： beach profile evolution genetic algorithms group method of data handling Pareto reflective beaches

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mass dependence of pion-induced fission cross sections on the level density parameter

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第9期36卷 831-835页

作者： Zafar Yasin Warda Iram m.Ikram Shahzad Physics Division PINSTECHP.O.NiloreIslamabadPakistan Physics Department Islamia UniversityBahawalpurPakistan

Fission probabilities and fission cross sections strongly depend on the mass number of the target and energy of the projectile. In this research work, a cascade-exciton model （using CEm95 computer code） has been implemented to observe the dependence of pion-induced fission cross sections and fission probabilities on the target mass and ratio of the level density parameter in fission to neutron emission. The analysis has been performed for both the positive and negative pions as the projectile at 80, 100 and 150 meV energies. The computed cross sections satisfactorily reproduced the experimental findings when compared with the available experimental data in the literature. We observed a smooth dependence at 150 meV, and a sharper dependence at 80 and 100 meV pion energy, in the fissility region above 29.44.

关键词： CEm95 fission cross section level density parameter

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Scaffoldless tissue-engineered nerve conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after tibial nerve injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1529-1537页

作者： Aaron m.Adams Keith W.VanDusen Tatiana Y.Kostrominova Jacob P.mertens Lisa m.Larkin Department of molecular and Integrated Physiology University of Michigan Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan

Damage to peripheral nerve tissue may cause loss of function in both the nerve and the targeted muscles it innervates. This study compared the repair capability of engineered nerve conduit （ENC）, engineered fibroblast conduit （EFC）, and autograft in a 10-mm tibial nerve gap. ENCs were fabricated utilizing primary fibroblasts and the nerve cells of rats on embryonic day 15 （E 15）. EFCs were fabricated utilizing primary fi- broblasts only. Following a 12-week recovery, nerve repair was assessed by measuring contractile properties in the medial gastrocnemius muscle, distal motor nerve conduction velocity in the lateral gastrocnemius, and histology of muscle and nerve. The autografts, ENCs and EFCs reestablished 96%, 87% and 84% of native distal motor nerve conduction velocity in the lateral gastrocnemius, 100%, 44% and 44% of native specific force of medical gastrocnemius, and 63%, 61% and 67% of native medial gastrocnemius mass, re- spectively. Histology of the repaired nerve revealed large axons in the autograft, larger but fewer axons in the ENC repair, and many smaller axons in the EFC repair. muscle histology revealed similar muscle fiber cross-sectional areas among autograft, ENC and EFC repairs. In conclusion, both ENCs and EFCs promot- ed nerve regeneration in a 10-mm tibial nerve gap repair, suggesting that the El5 rat nerve cells may not be necessary for nerve regeneration, and EFC alone can suffice for peripheral nerve injury repair.

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve repair neural conduit tissue engineering fibroblasts neuralcells

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In-situ copolymerization of aniline with alkyl amine by APS:Kinetics and application

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第11期19卷 1358-1362页

作者： m.Rashid Shams Qamar Usmani Suhail Sabir Polymer Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh 202002India

The kinetic study of in-situ eopolymerization of aniline with o- and p-methylaniline by ammonium persulfate （APS） has been carried out. UV-vis spectroscopic method was used to investigate the course of copolymerization. Structural characterization was studied by PT-IR spectral analysis. The electronic spectra of the copolymers poly（aniline-co-p-toluidine） and poly（aniline-co-o- toluidine） show blue shift. The shift has been observed in the bands corresponding to π→π^＊ transition as well as in the exciton transition. The increase in absorbance recorded during the reaction for different concentration of aniline, o- and p-toluidine at various intervals of time of polymerization reaction indicates a growth in the polymer formation. The resulting first-order rate constant was used to calculate the rate of copolymer formation using the rate equation -d[A]/dt = kc^n.

关键词： Copolymerization Corrosion inhibition Electronic and vibrational spectra

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A balancing act between IFITm3 and IRF3

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2018年第10期15卷 873-874页

作者： Temet m mcmichael mahesh Chemudupati Jacob S Yount Department of microbial Infection and Immunity Center for Microbial Interface BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

Interferon(IFN)-induced transmembrane protein 3(IFITm3)is a potent antiviral factor capable of restricting numerous virus infections.1 Viruses inhibited by IFITm3 generally enter cells via endocytosis,and are trafficked to IFITm3-positive intracellular membrane compartments.1,2 IFITm3-positive compartments are acidic and stain positive for a variety of endosomal,lysosomal and autophagosomal markers.2,3 Although the membrane fusion of many endocytic viruses,such as influenza virus,is triggered by acidic pH,fusion is blocked in the presence of IFITm3,and virions are degraded2,4,5(Figure 1).It has been proposed that IFITm3 alters membrane properties,including rigidity and curvature,to inhibit virus membrane fusion.5 The molecular mechanism underlying these IFITm3-induced membrane alterations is not well characterized,and whether IFITm3 has other cellular functions is also not known.

关键词： IFITm3 inhibited alterations

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