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Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice and Its Factors in Rural Areas of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第2期8卷 67-75页

作者： Lé on G. Blaise Savadogo bernard ilboudo Maurice Kinda Department of Epidemiology and Public Health—Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit—Institut Sup&eacute rieur des Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: The recommendation of the WHO and UNICEF is that all infants should be exclusively breastfed up to 6 months of age. Identifying associated factors to exclusively breastfeeding is crucial to improve this key public health intervention. The objectives of the study were to investigate rates of exclusive breastfeeding and to identify potential associated factors. Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study design was conducted in three health districts. Cluster sampling was used. For the community based cross-sectional study, a total of 1832 infants was included. Exclusive breastfeeding have been investigated among the 563 under 6 month’s infants. The associations between exclusive breastfeeding and independent variables were tested using the Chi-square test. Crude Odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were used to investigate the factors independently associated with exclusively breastfeeding. Results: Proportion of infant 0 - 5.9 months of age who are fed exclusively with breastmilk was 40.0%. Ear of age for mother was found to be more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding, COR [95CI%] = 2.11 [1.24 - 3.60] for 15 - 20 years of age and 2.0 [1.22 - 3.26]. Receiving advices, on exclusive breastfeeding was found to be more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding, COR: 2.07, 95% CI: [1.44 - 2.98]. Mothers who have practice early initiation to breastfeeding were found to be more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding COR: 1.62, 95% CI: [1.15 - 2.27]. Skilled delivery was found to be more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than non-skilled deliveries, COR: 1.66, 95% CI: [1.16 - 2.35]. Low numbers of living children by mother, young children, were found to be more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding continues to be low in rural areas of Burkina Faso. As Exclusive breastfeeding is associated to lower morbidity and mortality risk, improving the skills of health providers to give adequate feed

关键词： Prevalence Exclusive Breastfeeding Rural Areas Burkina Faso

The Perception of Health Workers and Stakeholders Involved in the Process of Selecting Indigent in Burkina Faso

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Health 2020年第9期12卷 1169-1185页

作者： Sidibe Souleymane Godin Isabelle ilboudo bernard Drabo K. Maxime Health Science Training and Research Unit University I Professor Joseph Ky Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Social Approaches to Health Research Center ULB Bruxelles Belgium National Institute of Public Health Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Training and Research Unit Health Science Research Institute CNRST University I Professor Joseph Ky Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Indigent selected for their health care is complex and poses enormous challenges. The actors involved have an influence on health actions and their perception is decisive for better care for the indigent. Little evidence exists on these perceptions and this paper has captured this. Methods: A case study involved 163 participants with a questionnaire and an interview guide. The quantitative responses were classified according to a measurement scale, proportions and overall indices of perception (Ip) and satisfaction (CSAT) were calculated. The relationship between variables was investigated using chi-square. Thematic analysis was used with qualitative data. The study met ethical requirements. Results: The participants had a positive perception of the selection: Ip = 0.77, but a minority (1/5) were dissatisfied with the selection. The perception of selection did not differ significantly depending on the experience of the actors. For the vast majority, the definition of indigent was satisfactory (CSAT = 91.4). The selection was done in a top down fashion and steps such as setting up committees, informing stakeholders, had shortcomings which negatively impacted the effectiveness of the selection. The needs of the participants included transparency in the indigent select process, matching the tools for selecting the indigent to the context, strengthening of local action, deconstruction of prejudices in terms of the indigent, power of actors to act, and importance for health services to reach out to the indigent. Conclusion: Consider

关键词： Perception Community Selection Indigents Health Workers Actors Involved Burkina Faso

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Association in Rural Areas of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第2期8卷 54-66页

作者： Lé on G. Blaise Savadogo bernard ilboudo Clé ment Meda Maurice Kinda Department of Epidemiology and Public Health—Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit—InstitutSup&eacute rieur des Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: The global recommendations of the WHO and UNICEF are that all infants should start breastfeeding within one hour of birth. It is low-cost and has substantial potential to reduce neonatal and early infant morbidity. The objectives of the study were to investigate rate of early initiation of breastfeeding and to identify potential associated factors. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted in three districts of Burkina Faso. Cluster sampling was used. The data were collected by using a structured and pretested interview questionnaire. The associations between early initiation and independent variables were tested using the Chi-square test. Crude Odds ratios (COR) with 95% confidence intervals were used. Results: Percentage of children who were put to the breast within one hour of birth was fair (41%). Having more than 2 antenatal care visits was found to be 1.43 times more likely to initiate breastfeeding early, COR: 1.4, 95% CI: [1.14 - 1.81], p Conclusions: This study demonstrates that delayed initiation of breastfeeding continues to be a problem in rural areas of Burkina Faso, as only four in 10 newborn infants received breast milk within the first hour of birth. The results show that receiving advices on early initiation of breastfeeding, child growth and feeding and skilled delivery were found to be more likely to initiate breastfeeding within one hour of delivery. Therefore improving the skills of health providers and, mother individual counselling and strengthening community-based support, are critical to improve timely initiation of breastfeeding.

关键词： Prevalence Early Initiation Breastfeeding Rural Areas Burkina Faso

Impact of Anemia on Mortality and Nutritional Recovery among Hospitalized Severely Malnourished Children in Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第1期4卷 115-120页

作者： Léon G. Blaise Savadogo Ivone Zoetaba bernard ilboudo Maurice Kinda Philipe Donnen Centre de Réhabilitation Nutritionnelle Ouagadougou Burkina Faso CR3 Politiques et Systèmes de Santé Santé Internationale Ecole de Santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé Université Polytechnique de Bobo Dioulasso Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso

This study aimed to analyze the impact of anemia on mortality rate and nutritional recovery, during severely malnourished inpatient treatment. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from data of severely malnourished children hospitalized at a feeding the rapeutic center. Pearson’s Chi square test, General linear model, Mortality relatives risks, Kaplan-Meir survival curves have been used. Results: At admission, 85.3% of included malnourished children had anemia (Hb ≤ 11 g/dl) and 10.6% severe anemic (Hb 6 g/dl). Mortality rate did not differed significantly from severely malnourished children with anemia (12.4%) and without anemia (22.2%), p = 0.12. Kaplan Meir survival curves did not differed significantly between the two groups, (p Log Rank = 0.11). From admission to discharge, anthropometric Z-scores means evolution did not differed significantly between severely malnourished children with and without anemia at admission. But anthropometric Z-scores means evolution differed significantly within each group’s subjects: WHZ (between groups: p = 0.74;within subjects: p 0.001), and WAZ (between groups: p = 0.54;within subjects: p 0.001). Conclusion: With a strong respect of current recommendation of anemia treatment of inpatient severely malnutrition management, there is no increased mortality rate in SAM anemic group;and nutritional recovery is significant within subjects of SAM anemic and non anemic children, without difference between groups.

关键词： Anemia Mortality Nutritional Recovery Severely Malnourished Children

Antibiotics prescribed to febrile under-five children outpatients in urban public health services in Burkina Faso

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Health 2014年第2期6卷 165-170页

作者： Léon G. Blaise Savadogo bernard ilboudo Maurice Kinda Nacro Boubacar Philippe Hennart Michèle Dramaix Philippe Donnen Bobo-Dioulasso Pediatric Hospital and University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso CR2-Epidemiology-Biostatistics-Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Child and Mother Health Nutrition and Survival Unit Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (IN.S.SA) (Bobo Dioulasso University) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Appropriate use of antibiotics remains critical for success in achieving MDG4. The aim of this study was to investigate antibiotics prescribing practices to febrile under-five children outpatients in urban public health services in a low income country. Methods: From March to April 2013, a cross-sectional epidemiological study of care facilities visit by under-five age, for febrile illness, was carried out in urban health services in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patient demographics, diagnoses and medications were recorded. We calculated for each diagnoses several indicators for antibiotics use. Results: Our study showed an over-prescription of antibiotics at the university teaching hospital (78.08%) and at the first level facilities (57.71%) for under-five outpatients for febrile illness. There was evidence of high antibiotic prescription in children with diarrhea (more than 9 on 10 at university teaching hospital of diarrhea cases and 60% at the first level facilities), in children with Upper respiratory tract infections (respectively 60% and 85.2% of cases at university teaching hospital and at the first level facilities) and in children with malaria (respectively 47.5% and 17.6% of cases at university teaching hospital and at the first level facilities). Overuse, misuse and inappropriately prescribed antibiotic coexisted in our results: at university teaching hospital 90.9% of diarrhea cases, 60% of URTI cases,?47.5% of malaria cases received antibiotic prescription;at first level heath care facilities 85.2% of URTI, 17.6% of malaria cases received an prescribed antibiotic and 11.8% of LRTI did not received a prescribed antibiotic. Developing countries have poor access to newer antibiotics and irrational antibiotics use remains a global problem. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics combat, rigorous infectious diseases diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance consequences education of users and health professional’s prescribers, and improved surveillance of antimicrobia

关键词： Antibiotics Children Febrile Outpatients Public Health Services

Petrographic and Geochemical Characters of Granites of the Banfora Belt, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第9期15卷 682-697页

作者： Abdoulaye Ouedraogo Seta Naba Hermann ilboudo Laboratoire Gosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Unit de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Bureau des Mines et de la Gologie du Burkina (BUMIGEB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The Banfora’s birimian greenstones belt is located in the western part of Burkina Faso (west Africa). Recent petrographic and lithogeochemical studies have highlighted plutons intruding the metasedimentary and metavolcanic series. These plutonic rocks are composed of leucogranites belonging to the so-called Ferkessedougou’s or Ferké’s batholith, granites, granodiorites, monzodiorites and quartz monzonites. From the lithogeochemical studies, these plutonic rocks have a calc-alkaline and peraluminous character. The rare earth elements spectra of the Ferké’s leucogranites let distinguished two sub-facies. One of the sub-facies is composed of quartz monzonite to granite, while the other is granitic sensu stricto. However, all these plutonic rocks were emplaced in a geodynamic context of subduction followed by collision.

关键词： Burkina Faso Banfora Greenstones Belt Plutons Geodynamic Context Subduction

A Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol Based on Visual Cryptography Technique for IoT-Cloud

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 43-57页

作者： Brou bernard Ehui Chen CHEN Shirui WANG Hua GUO Jianwei LIU School of Cyber Sciences and Technology Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Sino-French Engineering School Beihang University Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang

Because of the increasing number of threats in the IoT cloud, an advanced security mechanism is needed to guard data against hacking or attacks. A user authentication mechanism is also required to authenticate the user accessing the cloud services. The conventional cryptographic algorithms used to provide security mechanisms in cloud networks are often vulnerable to various cyber-attacks and inefficient against new attacks. Therefore,developing new solutions based on different mechanisms from traditional cryptography methods is required to protect data and users’ privacy from attacks. Different from the conventional cryptography method, we suggest a secure mutual authentication protocol based on the visual cryptography technique in this paper. We use visual cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the secret images. The mutual authentication is based on two secret images and *** user requests the ticket from the authentication server(AS) to obtain the permission for accessing the cloud services. Three shared secret keys are used for encrypting and decrypting the authentication process. We analyze the protocol using the Barrows-Abadi-Needham(BAN)-logic method and the results show that the protocol is robust and can protect the user against various attacks. Also, it can provide a secure mutual authentication mechanism.

关键词： Visualization Cloud computing Data privacy Protocols Biometrics (access control) Authentication Resists

Spirotetramat reduces fitness of the spotted-wing Drosophila,Drosophila suzukii

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1222-1230页

作者： Jing Yang Justin Flaven-Pouchon Yiwen Wang bernard Moussian Section of Animal Genetics Interfaculty Institute of Cell BiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina INRAE CNRSUniversitéCôte d'AzurInstitut Sophia AgrobiotechSophia AntipolisFrance

With climate change,the spotted-wing Drosophila(SWD,Drosophila suzukii)invades a great number of fruit production regions worldwide.A plethora of insecticides are being applied for management of this *** expected,SWD develops resistance against some potent insecticides or is rather insensitive to some ***,there is an urgent need to identify and characterize alternative insecticides to control SWD ***,we have studied the effects of the orally applied inhibitor of the fatty acid synthesis pathway spirotetramat on SWD fitness with respect to fecundity and surface barrier function at different *** our experiments,we applied spirotetramat mixed with baker's yeast and showed that females and males were not repelled by effective concentrations of this *** found that spirotetramat,by trend,lowers egg numbers laid by fed *** eggs rapidly desiccate,and only a few larvae *** is lethal to larvae and reduces survival of adult flies under low-humidity *** together,based on our data,we propose to use yeast supplemented with spirotetramat and additional SWD-specific attractants in traps in non-crop areas in order to eradicate SWD populations before they infest crop production sites.

关键词： desiccation Drosophila suzuki insecticide lipids

Study of Some Biodemographic Parameters of Caryedon serratus Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Insect Pest of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica Lin.) Fruit, in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 67-77页

作者： Kilo Francine Marina Ki Koï Wenceslas Kam Emmanuel Kabore Antoine Sanon Zakaria ilboudo Laboratoire d’Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliqué e (LEFA) UFR/SVT Universit&eacute Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut Supé rieur du D&eacuteveloppement Durable Universit&eacute de Fada N’gourma Fada N’gourma Burkina Faso

The lack of food security leads us to turn to the riches of the forest, namely non-timber forest products (NTFP) and timber forest products (TFP). In Burkina, these products are a source of income for families, improving their living conditions. Tamarindus indica L. that is a NFTP, is widely used in both rural and urban areas. Unfortunately, tamarind is subject to attack by Caryedon serratus. Its biological activity begins on the fruit before the harvest. The aim of our study is to evaluate some biodemographic parameters of the insect pest C. serratus Olivier. First100 healthy T. indica pods were placed in contact with ten pairs of C. serratus for 24 hours. 25 pods, each carrying a maximum of two eggs, were divided into five batches of 5 pods. Then a pair of C. serratus aged less than 24 h was placed in contact with 4 healthy pods for 24 h. Every day, the pair was removed and transferred to another box containing 4 new healthy pods. A total of 20 replicates were performed. The results showed that C. serratus has an average lifespan of 14 days. However, the female (16 days) lived longer and laid an average of 34 eggs during her lifetime. The egg-laying period lasted 14 days, the number of eggs increased until reaching a maximum peak on the 4th day. C. serratus has an embryonic development time of 3 days and an emergence rate of 66.63%. However, the weight of males and females differed significantly (p = 0.0108). We found an intrinsic rate of natural increase of 0.12 and a population doubling time was 5.68 days. These results have enabled us to gain a better understanding of its development cycle and its capacity for regeneration. This allows us to implement control strategies for better stock protection.

关键词： Biodemographic Parameters Stock Caryedon serratus Tamarindus indica