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Advancing immunosuppression in liver transplantation: A narrative review

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第5期23卷 441-448页

作者： Samuele Iesari Francesca Laura Nava ilaria Elena Zais Laurent Coubeau Mariano Ferraresso Evaldo Favi Jan Lerut General Surgery and Kidney Transplantation Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico15 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique Universitécatholique de Louvain10 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Service de Chirurgie et Transplantation Abdominale Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc55 Avenue Hippocrate1200 BrusselsBelgium Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Universitàdegli Studi di Milano19 Via della Commenda20122 MilanItaly

Immunosuppression is essential to ensure recipient and graft survivals after liver transplantation(LT). However, our understanding and management of the immune system remain suboptimal. Current immunosuppressive therapy cannot selectively inhibit the graft-specific immune response and entails a significant risk of serious side effects, i.e., among others, de novo cancers, infections, cardiovascular events, renal failure, metabolic syndrome, and late graft fibrosis, with progressive loss of graft function. Pharmacological research, aimed to develop alternative immunosuppressive agents in LT, is behind other solidorgan transplantation subspecialties, and, therefore, the development of new compounds and strategies should get priority in LT. The research trajectories cover mechanisms to induce T-cell exhaustion, to inhibit co-stimulation, to mitigate non-antigen-specific inflammatory response, and, lastly, to minimize the development and action of donor-specific antibodies. Moreover, while cellular modulation techniques are complex, active research is underway to foster the action of T-regulatory cells, to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells, and to promote the function of B-regulatory cells. We herein discuss current lines of research in clinical immunosuppression, particularly focusing on possible applications in the LT setting.

关键词： Liver transplantation Immunosuppression Drug development Long-term results Clinical operational tolerance

Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare?

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 442-455页

作者： Marta Gariglio Sihem Dabbou Manuela Renna ilaria Biasato Sara Bellezza Oddon Marco Meneguz Raul Daniel Miazzo Stefania Bergagna Elena Colombino Elisabetta Macchi Achille Schiavone Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy Center Agriculture Food Environment(C3A) University of TrentoVia Edmund Mach 1San Michele All’AdigeTrento(TN)38098Italy Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo Paolo Braccini 2GrugliascoTorino(TO)10095Italy BEF Biosystems s.r.l Via Tancredi Canonico 18/CTorino(TO)10156Italy Unidad de Investigacion Aviar Produccion AvicolaFac.Agr.y Vet.Universidad Nacional de Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte Liguria and Valle d’AostaVia Bologna 148Torino(TO)10154Italy

Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive *** aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood *** A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were *** consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva *** were evaluated at 3,31,and ***,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/*** The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(PP3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementatio

关键词： Behavior Cairina moschata Environmental enrichment Hermetia illucens Poultry Tenebrio molitor Welfare

Multifaceted superoxide dismutase 1 expression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients:a rare occurrence?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 130-138页

作者： ilaria Martinelli Jessica Mandrioli Andrea Ghezzi Elisabetta Zucchi Giulia Gianferrari Cecilia Simonini Francesco Cavallieri Franco Valzania Department of Neurosciences Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly Clinical and Experimental Medicine Ph.D.Program University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Neurology Unit Neuromotor&Rehabilitation DepartmentAzienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio EmiliaItaly

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neuromuscular condition resulting from the progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the cortex,brainstem,and spinal *** the typical clinical phenotype of ALS involves both upper and lower motor neurons,human and animal studies over the years have highlighted the potential spread to other motor and non-motor regions,expanding the phenotype of *** superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1)mutations represent a minority of ALS cases,the SOD1 gene remains a milestone in ALS research as it represents the first genetic target for personalized *** numerous single case reports or case series exhibiting extramotor symptoms in patients with ALS mutations in SOD1(SOD1-ALS),no studies have comprehensively explored the full spectrum of extramotor neurological manifestations in this *** this narrative review,we analyze and discuss the available literature on extrapyramidal and non-motor features during *** multifaceted expression of SOD1 could deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms,pointing towards a multidisciplinary approach for affected patients in light of new therapeutic strategies for SOD1-ALS.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) autonomic extramotor genotype-phenotype multisystem involvement Parkinson’s disease sensory SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 urinary vocal cord palsy

Epilepsy associated tumors: Review article

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第11期2卷 623-641页

作者： Marco Giulioni Gianluca Marucci Matteo Martinoni Anna Federica Marliani Francesco Toni Fiorina Bartiromo Lilia Volpi Patrizia Riguzzi Francesca Bisulli ilaria naldi Roberto Michelucci Agostino Baruzzi Paolo Tinuper Guido Rubboli IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Division of Neurosurgery Bellaria Hospital 40139 Bologna Italy Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNeM) Section of Pathology "M.Malpighi" Bellaria Hospital University of Bologna 40139 Bologna Italy IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Section of Neuroradiology Bellaria Hospital 40139 Bologna Italy Department of Specialistic Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES) Section of NeuroradiologyUniversity of Bologna 40139 Bologna Italy IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Division of Neurology Bellaria Hospital 40139 Bologna Italy IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna Bellaria Hospital 40139 Bologna Italy Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences University of Bologna 40139 Bologna Italy Danish Epilepsy Centre Epilepsi hospitalet4293 Dianalund Denmark

Long-term epilepsy associated tumors(LEAT) represent a well known cause of focal epilepsies. Glioneuronaltumors are the most frequent histological type consisting of a mixture of glial and neuronal elements and most commonly ariseing in the temporal lobe. Cortical dysplasia or other neuronal migration abnormalities often coexist. Epilepsy associated with LEAT is generally poorly controlled by antiepileptic drugs while, on the other hand, it is high responsive to surgical treatment. However the best management strategy of tumor-related focal epilepsies remains controversial representing a contemporary issues in epilepsy surgery. Temporo-mesial LEAT have a widespread epileptic networkwith complex epileptogenic mechanisms. By using an epilepsy surgery oriented strategy LEAT may have an excellent seizure outcome therefore surgical treatment should be offered early, irrespective of pharmacoresistance, avoiding both the consequences of uncontrolled seizures as well as the side effects of prolonged pharmacological therapy and the rare risk of malignant transformation.

关键词： Epilepsy Low grade tumors Long-term epilepsy associated tumors Glioneuronal tumors Ganglioglioma Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor Lesionectomy Epilepsy surgery

Fully integrated and broadband Si-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal four-wave mixing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 I0001-I0010页

作者： VALERIO VITALI THALÍA DOMÍNGUEZ BUCIO HAO LIU JOSÉMANUEL LUQUE GONZÁLEZ FRANCISCO JURADO-ROMERO ALEJANDRO ORTEGA-MOÑUX GLENN CHURCHILL JAMES C.GATES JAMES HILLIER NIKOLAOS KALFAGIANNIS DANIELE MELATI JENS H.SCHMID ilaria CRISTIANI PAVEL CHEBEN J.GONZALO WANGÜEMERT-PÉREZ ÑIGO MOLINA-FERNÁNDEZ FREDERIC GARDES COSIMO LACAVA PERIKLIS PETROPOULOS Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering DepartmentUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Telecommunication Research Institute(TELMA) Universidad de MálagaCEI Andalucı´a TECHE.T.S.I.Telecomunicación29010 MálagaSpain School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottingham NG118NSUK Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBThe Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of IoanninaIoannina 45110Greece Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies UniversitéParis-SaclayCNRS91120 PalaiseauFrance Advanced Electronics and Photonics Research Center National Research Council CanadaOttawaOntario K1A 0R6Canada

Intermodal four-wave mixing(FWM)processes have recently attracted significant interest for all-optical signal processing applications thanks to the possibility to control the propagation properties of waves exciting distinct spatial modes of the same *** allows,in principle,to place signals in different spectral regions and satisfy the phase matching condition over considerably larger bandwidths compared to intramodal ***,the demonstrations reported so far have shown a limited bandwidth and suffered from the lack of on-chip components designed for broadband manipulation of different *** demonstrate here a silicon-rich silicon nitride wavelength converter based on Bragg scattering intermodal FWM,which integrates mode conversion,multiplexing and de-multiplexing functionalities *** system enables wavelength conversion between pump waves and a signal located in different telecommunication bands(separated by 60 nm)with a 3 dB bandwidth exceeding 70 nm,which represents,to our knowledge,the widest bandwidth ever achieved in an intermodal FWM-based system.

关键词： scattering pump modal

Isoenergetic-practical and semi-purified diets for protein requirement determination in Hermetia illucens larvae:consequences on life history traits

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 897-906页

作者： Sara Bellezza Oddon ilaria Biasato Laura Gasco Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TurinLargo P.Braccini 210095 GrugliascoTOItaly

Background:Black soldier fly(BSF)is one of the most promising species for the intensive breeding of insects given its adaptability and its efficiency in the conversion of *** maximize the production and use waste as substrates,it is essential to determine the larvae nutritional *** study aims to evaluate the effects of5 practical,semi-purified and isoenergetic diets(PSPID)with increasing protein levels(10%,CP10;14%,CP14;16%,CP16;19%,CP19)on BSF life history traits.A total of 2000 six-day-old larvae were weighed and divided into groups of 100(4 replicates/treatment[PSPID and Gainesville diet(GA)used as environmental control]).In larva-prepupa stage,sampling was carried out on 30 individuals/replicate,while in prepupa-adult stage on ***:In the whole larval stage,the CP16 treatment performed better when compared to the other ***18 days old,the CP14 treatment showed a higher weight than the CP19(P<0.01),while the CP10 and CP16weights were *** the contrary,the CP10 prepupae weight was higher than the CP19(P<0.01).The CP10 and CP14 pupae performed better in terms of weight when compared to the others(P<0.01).The dietary treatments did not affect the adult *** sex significantly influenced both the exuvia weight,which was the greatest in females(P<0.001),and the fly lifespan,longest in males(P<0.05).Fly lifespan was also influenced by the interaction between treatment and sex,with the CP19 females showing a longer life than the others(P<0.05).Conclusions:In conclusion,the optimal protein level considering the whole larval stage is 16%on dry matter(DM).At 18 days old,looking at the size intended for the meal production,it can be considered 14%on *** result obtained on adult emergence in PSPID may not be attributable to the protein *** researches on macronutrients requirements determination have to be conducted to evaluate the substrates composition effects on BSF life history traits.

关键词： Hermetia illucens Life history traits Nutritional requirements Semi-purified

Adolescent male genitalia dissatisfaction:a surgical perspective

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第2期24卷 176-179页

作者： Nicola Zampieri ilaria Dando Francesco Saverio Camoglio Woman and Child Hospital Pediatric Surgical UnitUniversity of VeronaVerona 37100Italy Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement SciencesBiochemistry SectionUniversity of VeronaVerona 37100Italy

Genital dissatisfaction is well known in female and *** is known about male adolescents and their genital *** aim of this study was to investigate and report the role of surgery in male adolescents to improve the evaluation of their *** considered all patients treated for external genital pathology in the period of *** and exclusion criteria were *** underwent an evaluation test before and after *** the study period,137 patients were treated,and at the end of the study,98 cases were considered for *** most frequent pathologies were webbed penis and penile curvature.A postoperative score improvement was noted and patients with concealed penis and webbed penis showed a better postoperative *** was considered an important factor associated with a worse preoperative *** of the external genitalia is important in adolescents,and it is an understudied *** may be associated with a worse evaluation of one’s genital and should be clinically considered to avoid related social problems in ***,cosmetic genital surgery should be considered even in male adolescents.

关键词： adolescent esthetic genital dissatisfaction surgery

Joining of Co coated ferritic stainless steel to ceramic solid oxide cells by a novel Ag-SiO_(2) braze

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第26期121卷 174-180页

作者： Zhiquan Wang Chun Li Ragnar Kiebach ilaria Ritucci Ming Chen Jian Cao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of DenmarkLyngby CampusAnker Engelunds Vej2800Denmark

A novel Ag-SiO_(2) braze for Solid Oxide Cells was successfully developed and applied to join Co coated AISI 441 ferritic stainless steel to YSZ-NiO half *** braze showed an improved wettability on the coated steel and the YSZ compared to pure Ag.A defect-free steel/YSZ joint was obtained using an Ag-1SiO_(2) braze jointed at 1000℃for 30 min in *** microstructure of the joints was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray ***,a Co-Si-O_(2)phase diagram was calculated and used to explain the experimental results and formulate a reaction *** was found,that during the air brazing process,Co_(3)O_(4)and(Co,Fe)_(3)O_(4)are formed by the oxidation of the prefabricated Co *** growth of Cr_(2)O_(3)was effectively impeded by the formed Co-based *** a second step,Co_(2)O_(3)reacts with the SiOpresent in *** CoSiOformed by the reaction ensures a firm bonding between the steel and Ag-SiObraze.

关键词： Co coated stainless steel YSZ-NiO half cell Microstructure Interfacial reaction Joining Ag-SiO_(2)braze Solid Oxide Cells

Viral hepatitis:Innovations and expectations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 517-531页

作者： Simona Leoni Alberto Casabianca Benedetta Biagioni ilaria Serio Division of Internal Medicine Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic DiseasesIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Viral hepatitis is a significant health problem worldwide,associated with morbidity and *** B,C,D,and occasionally E viruses(HBV,HCV,HDV,and HEV)can evolve in chronic infections,whereas hepatitis A virus(HAV)frequently produces acute self-limiting *** the last years,different studies have been performed to introduce new antiviral *** most important goal in the treatment of viral hepatitis is to avoid chronic liver disease and *** review analyzes currently available therapies,in particular for viruses associated with chronic liver *** focus is especially on HBV and HCV therapies,investigating new drugs already introduced in clinical practice and clinical *** also describe new entry inhibitors,developed for the treatment of chronic HDV and HBV and currently available treatments for *** last drugs introduced have shown important efficacy in HCV,with achievable target HCV elimination by ***,renewed interest in curative HBV therapies has been registered;current nucleotide/nucleoside analogs positively impact liver-related complications,ensuring high safety and *** approaches to HBV cure are based on new antivirals,targeting different steps of the HBV life cycle and immune *** improved knowledge of the HDV life cycle has facilitated the development of some direct-acting agents,as bulevirtide,the first drug conditionally approved in Europe for HDV associated compensated liver *** studies are required to identify a new therapeutic approach in hepatitis E,especially in immunosuppressed patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Chronic liver disease Treatments Antiviral Immunotherapy Vaccination