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The biosynthetic pathway of the hallucinogen mescaline and its heterologous reconstruction

Molecular Plant 2024年第7期17卷 1129-1150页

作者： Paula Berman Luis Alejandro de Haro Ana-Rita Cavaco Sayantan Panda Younghui Dong Nikolay Kuzmich Gabriel Lichtenstein Yoav Peleg Hila Harat Adam Jozwiaki Jianghua Cai Uwe Heinig Sagit Meir ilana Rogachev Asaph Aharoni Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Life Sciences Core Facilities Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel The Maurice and Vivienne Wohl Institute for Drug Discovery Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Present address:Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami Miler School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing School of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Mescaline,among the earliest identified natural hallucinogens,holds great potential in psychotherapy ***,despite the existence of a postulated biosynthetic pathway for more than half a century,the specific enzymes involved in this process are yet to be *** this study,we investigated the cactus Lophophora williamsii(Peyote),the largest known natural producer of the phenethylamine *** employed a multi-faceted approach,combining de novo whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing with comprehensive chemical profiling,enzymatic assays,molecular modeling,and pathway engineering for pathway *** identified four groups of enzymes responsible for the six catalytic steps in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway,and an N-methyltransferase enzyme that N-methylates all phenethylamine intermediates,likely modulating mescaline levels in ***,we reconstructed the mescaline biosynthetic pathway in both Nicotiana benthamiana plants and yeast cells,providing novel insights into several challenges hindering complete heterologous mescaline *** together,our study opens up avenues for exploration of sustainable production approaches and responsible utilization of mescaline,safeguarding this valuable natural resource for future generations.

关键词： mescaline Lophophora williamsi Peyote biosynthetic pathway de novo genome sequencing mo-lecular modeling

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Evaluation of Clinician Training in Autism Screening, Care Management, and Patient Education

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 488-513页

作者： Belinda O’Hagan Julie White ilana hardest. Rachel Amgott Candice Bangham Xinyang Liu Alyson Codner Amy Ursitti Alana Chandler Sarah Foster Marilyn Augustyn Jacey Greece Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Boston Medical Center Boston United States of America Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston United States of America Department of Community Health Sciences Boston University School of Public Health Boston United States of America

Objective: The demand for pediatric developmental evaluations has far exceeded the workforce available to perform them, which creates long significant wait times for services. A year-long clinician training using the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO®) model with monthly meetings was conducted and evaluated for its impact on primary care clinicians’ self-reported self-efficacy, ability to administer autism screening and counsel families, professional fulfillment, and burnout. Methods: Participants represented six community health centers and a hospital-based practice. Data collection was informed by participant feedback and the Normalization Process Theory via online surveys and focus groups/interviews. Twelve virtual monthly trainings were delivered between November 2020 and October 2021. Results: 30 clinicians participated in data collection. Matched analyses (n = 9) indicated statistically significant increase in self-rated ability to counsel families about autism (Pre-test Mean = 3.00, Post-test Mean = 3.89, p = 0.0313), manage autistic patients’ care (Pre-test Mean = 2.56, Post-test Mean = 4.11, p = 0.0078), empathy toward patients (Pre-test Mean = 2.11, Post-test Mean = 1.22, p = 0.0156) and colleagues (Pre-test Mean = 2.33, Post-test Mean = 1.22, respectively, p = 0.0391). Unmatched analysis revealed increases in participants confident about educating patients about autism (70.59%, post-test n = 12 vs. 3.33%, pre-test n = 1, p = 0.0019). Focus groups found increased confidence in using the term “autism”. Conclusion: Participants reported increases in ability and confidence to care for autistic patients, as well as empathy toward patients and colleagues. Future research should explore long-term outcomes in participants’ knowledge retention, confidence in practice, and improvements to autism evaluations and care.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Program Evaluation Case-Based Training Provider Burnout Continuing Medical Education

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Effect of Soybean Cultivars on the Nutrients and Consumer Acceptance of Soymilk

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 807-826页

作者： ilana Felberg Mercedes Concórdia Carrão-Panizzi Rosires Deliza Sidinéa Cordeiro de Freitas Manuela Cristina Pessanha de Araujo Santiago Marilia Penteado Stephan Monalisa Santana Coelho de Jesus Elisabeth Borges Gonçalves Rosemar Antoniassi Embrapa Food Technology Rio de Janeiro Brazil Embrapa Wheat Passo Fundo Brazil

Soymilk is one of the most available beverages, an alternative to dairy milk and is recognized for its nutritional value. The nutritional quality, the presence of anti-nutritional factors, isoflavones and sensory acceptability of soymilk depended on the soybean variety as well as the processing conditions. The soymilks from conventional and specialty Brazilian soybean cultivars were compared regarding the composition and consumer acceptance. There were significant differences on the protein, oil, sugars, isoflavones, presence of anti-nutritional factors (phytate and trypsin inhibitor activity) and NSI (nitrogen solubility index) among cultivars and soymilks and for sensory acceptance of soymilks. The preference mapping and cluster analysis identified three different segments of consumers. The soymilk from the conventional cultivar BRS284 achieved higher and similar acceptance score for the three consumer’s segments while the lipoxygenase free cultivars (BRS213 and BRS257) and specialty cultivar BRS216 showed higher score for two segments of consumers. The sensory evaluation of soymilk from different soybean cultivars could improve consumer uptake.

关键词： Preference Mapping Cluster Analysis Protein Phytate

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Long-term Regional Dynamic Sea Level Changes from CMIP6 Projections

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 157-167页

作者： Bruno FERRERO Marcos TONELLI Fernanda MARCELLO ilana WAINER University of São Paulo São Paulo 05508120Brazil

Anthropogenic climate forcing will cause the global mean sea level to rise over the 21st ***,regional sea level is expected to vary across ocean basins,superimposed by the influence of natural internal climate ***,we address the detection of dynamic sea level(DSL)changes by combining the perspectives of a single and a multimodel ensemble approach(the 50-member CanESM5 and a 27-model ensemble,respectively,all retrieved from the CMIP6 archive),under three CMIP6 projected scenarios:SSP1-2.6,SSP3-7.0 and *** ensemble analysis takes into account four key metrics:signal(S),noise(N),S/N ratio,and time of emergence(ToE).The results from both sets of ensembles agree in the fact that regions with higher S/N(associated with smaller uncertainties)also reflect earlier *** DSL signal is projected to emerge in the Southern Ocean,Southeast Pacific,Northwest Atlantic,and the *** common for both sets of ensemble simulations show that while S progressively increases with increased projected emissions,N,in turn,does not vary substantially among the SSPs,suggesting that uncertainty arising from internal climate variability has little dependence on changes in the magnitude of external *** changes are greater and quite similar for the scenarios SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 and considerably smaller for the SSP1-2.6,highlighting the importance of public policies towards lower emission scenarios and of keeping emissions below a certain threshold.

关键词： dynamic sea level CMIP6 sea level rise signal-to-noise time of emergence

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Catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO nanoparticles delay the onset of catheter-associated urinary tract infections

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 520-533页

作者： Yakov Shalom ilana Perelshtein Nina Perkas Aharon Gedanken Ehud Banin The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel The Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections （CAUTIs） are among the most common bacterial infections associated with medical devices. In the current study, the synthesis, coating, antibiofilm properties, and biocompatibility of urinary catheters coated with Zn-doped CuO （Zn0.12Cu0.880） nanoparticles （NPs） were examined. The doped NPs were synthesized and subsequently deposited on the catheter by the sonochemical method. The coated catheters displayed high antibiofilm activity and promising biocompatibility, as indicated by low in vitro cytotoxicity, negligible associated cytokine secretion, and absence of detectable irritation. The biocompatibility and ability of the Zn-doped CuO coating to inhibit biofilm formation were also evaluated in vivo using a rabbit model. Rabbits catheterized with uncoated catheters scored positive for CAUTI by day 4 of the experiment. In contrast, rabbits catheterized with Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters did not exhibit CAUTI until day 7 or remained completely uninfected for the whole duration of the 7-day experiment. Furthermore, the in vivo biocompatibility assays and examinations supported the biosafety of Zn-doped CuO-coated catheters. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of Zn-doped CuO nanocomposite as effective antibiofilm compound.

关键词： antibiofilm urinary tract infection catheter nanoparticle coating metal oxide

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Microstructure-Property Relationship of High Strength Low Alloy Steels During Tensile Testing at High Strain Rates

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 869-873页

作者： Moss Matthew Timokhina ilana Hodgson Peter Institute for Technology Research and Innovation Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

The influence of strain-rate on the room temperature mechanical properties of Dual-Phase and Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels was *** results showed that both plastic strain,and strength properties increased with increasing strain rates at high strain *** strain rates lower than approximateil 1s-1 the properties no longer have an advantageous proportionality to strain rate and remain strain rate *** explanations are offered for trends exhibited,in terms of thermal and athermal considerations,in relation to the respective microstructures of the two steels.

关键词： TRIP dual-phase steel high strain rate microstructure strain-rate sensitivity

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Effect of Composition and Processing Parameters on the Formation of Nano-Bainite in Advanced High Strength Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 238-241页

作者： ilana Timokhina Hossein Beladi Peter Hodgson Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3217

The nano-bainitic microstructures were compared in a 0.79C-1.5Si-1.98Mn-0.24Mo-1.06Al (wt%) steel after isothermal heat-treatment and a Fe-0.2C-1.5Mn-1.2Si-0.3Mo-0.6Al-0.02Nb (wt%) steel after controlled thermomechanical *** microstructure for both steels consisted of *** microstructural characteristics of bainite,such as the morphology of the nano-bainite and thicknesses of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite layers,as a function of steel composition and processing was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).It was found that the nano-bainitic structure can be formed in the low alloy steel through thermomechanical *** probe tomography (APT) was employed as a powerful technique to determine local composition distributions in three dimensions with atomic *** important conclusions from the APT research were that the carbon content of bainitic ferrite is higher than expected from paraequilibrium level of carbon in ferrite for both steels and that Fe-C clusters and fine particles are formed in the bainitic ferrite in both steels despite the high level of Si.

关键词： nano-bainite transmission electron microscopy atom probe tomography carbon content

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Effect of insulin-sensitizing agents in combination with ezetimibe, and valsartan in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第27期12卷 4369-4376页

作者： Nimer Assy Masha Grozovski ilana Bersudsky Sergio Szvalb Osamah Hussein Liver Unit Sieff HospitalSafedIsrael and Technion InstituteFaculty of MedicineHaifaIsrael Department of Internal Medicine ASieff HospitalSafedIsrael Ort Braude College KarmielIsrael Department of Pathology Sieff HospitalSafedIsrael Department of Internal Medicine A Sieff HospitalSafedIsrael

AIM： To assess whether treatment with insulinsensitizing agents （ISAs） in combination with ezetimibe and valsartan have greater effect on hepatic fat content and lipid peroxidation compared to monotherapy in the methionine choline-deficient diet （MCDD） rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. METHODS： Rats （n = 6 per group） were treated with different drugs, including MCDD only, MCDD diet with either metformin （200 mg/kg）, rosiglitazone （3 mg/kg）, metformin plus rosiglitazone （M＋R）, ezetimibe （2 mg/ kg）, valsartan （2 mg/kg）, or combination of all drugs for a total of 15 wk. Liver histology, lipids, parameters of oxidative stress and TNF-alpha were measured. RESULTS： Fatty liver （FL） rats demonstrated severe hepatic fatty infiltration （〉 91% fat）, with an increase in hepatic TG （＋1263%, P 〈 0.001）, hepatic cholesterol （＋245%, P 〈 0.03）, hepatic MDA levels （＋225%, P 〈 0.001）, serum TNF-alpha （17.8 ＋ 10 vs 7.8 ＋ 0.0, P 〈 0.001）, but a decrease in hepatic alpha tocopherol （-74%, P 〈 0.001） as compared to the control rats. Combination therapy with all drugs produced a significant decrease in liver steatosis （-54%）, hepatic TG （-64%）, hepatic cholesterol （-31%） and hepatic MDA （-70%）, but increased hepatic alpha tocopherol （＋443%） as compared to FL rats. Combination therapy with ISA alone produced a smaller decrease in liver steatosis （-32% vs -54%, P 〈 0.001） and in hepatic MDA levels （-55% vs -70%, P 〈 0.01）, but a similar decrease in hepatic lipids when compared with the all drugs combination. TNF-alpha levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups except in ISA group. CONCLUSION： Combination therapies have a greater effect on liver fat content as compared to monotherapy. Rosiglitazone appears to improve hepatic steatosis to a greater extent than metformin.

关键词： Fatty liver Rosiglitazone Metformin Ezetimibe Valsartan Methionine choline-deficient diet Insulin resistance

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How to win the ovarian cancer stem cell battle: destroying the roots

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第4期3卷 1021-1033页

作者： Akimasa Takahashi Linda Hong ilana Chefetz The Hormel Institute University of MinnesotaAustinMN 55912USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuShiga 5202152Japan Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology Division of Gynecologic OncologyLoma Linda University School of MedicineCA 92350USA Masonic Cancer Center MinneapolisMN 55455USA Stem Cell Institute MinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's HealthMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among gynecologic *** combination of cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy is the standard regimen for the treatment of ovarian *** initial treatment is usually effective,but many patients with ovarian cancer experience recurrence,and treatment options for recurrent disease remain *** stem cells(CSCs)are suggested to play an essential role in cancer recurrence after initial ***,they are of great interest as CSCs may also be involved in chemotherapy ***,understanding the characteristics and mechanisms by which CSCs display resistance to therapeutic agents is important to design effective cancer *** this review,we describe and discuss current therapeutic regimens for ovarian cancer,as well as the various CSC markers,association between CSCs and disease progression,correlation of CSCs with poor prognosis,enrichment of CSCs in tumor tissues following repeated chemotherapy cycles,activation of major signaling pathways following chemotherapy,and potential inhibitors that suppress these signaling *** addition,clinical trials evaluating novel targeted therapies to overcome chemotherapy resistance will be *** combination of traditional chemotherapy and CSC-targeted therapy could be an effective and promising anticancer treatment for ovarian *** the biological properties of CSCs and the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance are critical to design and develop new therapeutic strategies to overcome CSC-associated chemotherapy resistance.

关键词： Ovarian cancer platinum resistance cancer stem cell chemotherapy targeted therapy

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Multidisciplinary Approach to Breast Cancer:A New Outlook on Nursing Care

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Clinical oncology and cancer researeh 2009年第3期6卷 157-161页

作者： ilana Kadmon Frida Barak Hadassah Medical Organization and Hennetta Szold Hadassah and the Hebrew University School of Nursing Oncology Department Barzilai Medical Center

The treatment and general care for womendiagnosed with breast cancer has made a tremendous change andadvance in the last decades. Better methods for early detectionand screening of the disease, higher compliance of women to gofor screening, an open social and political discourse of women andthe health care team and others, are just a few that both enabledand are a result of this change. Nurses have been highly involvedin these changes, which resulted in the specialization of nursingin the field of breast cancer. This article will focus on the mainfour points that influence the nursing specialist care, that is, thetailoring of treatment and the ability to offer women treatmentwhich is more specific to their own cancer; the importance of themultidisciplinary team as providing a State of the Art care; theinvolvement of women in the decision-making regarding theirtreatment and the specific developing role of the specialist breastcare nurse.

关键词： breast cancer nursing decision-making comprehensive/multi-disciplinary breast cancer center tailored treatment.

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