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Neutral and metallic vs.charged and semiconducting surface layer in acceptor doped CeO_(2)

International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第4期31卷 795-802页

作者： ilan riess Physics Department Technion IITHaifa 3200003Israel

The monomolecular surface layer of acceptor doped CeO_(2) may become neutral and metallic or charged and semiconducting.This is revealed in the theoretical analysis of the oxygen pressure dependence of the surface defects concentration in acceptor doped ceria with two different dopant types and operated under different oxygen pressures.Recently published experimental data for highly reduced Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9-x(SDC)containing a fixed valence dopant Sm3+are very different from those published for Pr0.1Ce0.9O_(2)-x(PCO) with the variable valence dopant Pr4+/Pr3+being reduced under milder conditions.The theoretical analysis of these experimental results fits very well the experimental results of SDC and PCO.It leads to the following predictions:the highly reduced surface of SDC is metallic and neutral,the metallic surface electron density of state is gs=0.9×10^(38)J-1·m^(-2)(1.4×1015eV^(-1)·cm^(-2)),the electron effective mass is meff,s=3.3me,and the phase diagram of the reduced surface has theα(fcc)structure as in the bulk.In PCO a double layer is predicted to be formed between the surface and the bulk with the surface being negatively charged and semiconducting.The surface of PCO maintains high Pr^(3+) defect concentration as well as relative high oxygen vacancy concentration at oxygen pressures higher than in the bulk.The reasons for the difference between a metallic and semiconducting surface layer of acceptor doped CeO_(2) are reviewed,as well as the key theoretical considerations applied in coping with this problem.For that we make use of the experimental data and theoretical analysis available for acceptor doped ceria.

关键词： CeO_(2) surface defects metallic surface oxide reduction Sm doped CeO_(2) Pr doped CeO_(2)

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An eighteen‑year longitudinal examination of school victimization and weapon use in California secondary schools

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第11期19卷 1082-1093页

作者： Rami Benbenishty Ron Avi Astor ilan Roziner Hebrew University of Jerusalem JerusalemIsrael and Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile Crump Chair in Social Welfare Luskin School of Public Affairs and School of Education and Information StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Sackler School of Medicine Department of Communication DisordersTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Background School safety has been a major public health issue in the United States and internationally for more than three decades.Many policies and programs have been developed and implemented to prevent school violence,improve the school climate,and increase safety.There are only a few peer-reviewed studies of changes in school violence over time.The study examined changes over time in school victimization,weapon involvement and school climate,comparing change trajectories by gender and race and different change trajectories among schools.Methods A longitudinal study of the biennial California Healthy Kids Survey in secondary schools from 2001 to 2019.The representative sample included 6,219,166 students in grades 7,9,and 11(48.8%male)from 3253 schools(66%high schools).Results All victimization and weapon involvement items had significant and substantial linear reductions.The largest reduction involved being in a physical fight(from 25.4%to 11.0%).There were reductions in weapon involvement(d=0.46)and victimization(d=0.38).Biased-based victimization only declined slightly(d=−0.05).School belongingness and safety increased(d=0.27),adult support increased a small amount(d=0.05),and student participation declined(d=−0.10).Changes were smallest among White students.Ninety-five percent of the schools showed the same pattern of reductions.Conclusions The findings are in contrast to the public’s concerns that school violence is a growing problem.Reductions in school violence may result from social investment in school safety.A distinction should be made between school shootings and other forms of school violence.

关键词： School violence School climate Weapons

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Searching for the emotional roots of breast cancer: A cross-disciplinary analysis integrating psychology, Chinese medicine, and oncology biomarkers

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第1期20卷 57-64页

作者： Ofer Baranovitch Meirav Wolff-Bar Meora Feinmesser Chen Sade-Zaltz ilan Tsarfaty Victoria Neiman Integrative Unit Davidoff Cancer CenterRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel Maccabi Tivi(Maccabi Health Organization) Tel Aviv 6801294Israel Department of Pathology Rabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Institute of Oncology Davidoff Cancer CenterRabin Medical CenterPetach Tikva 4941492Israel

Objective: We employed a multidisciplinary approach incorporating theoretical ideas, clinical experience,psychology, physiology, traditional Chinese medicine(CM), modern practice of CM, and oncology to explore the effect of patients’ repression of negative emotions and traumatic events on breast cancer(BC) pathogenesis.Methods: BC female patients, older than 18 years of age, with available pathology reports who were treated at Rabin Medical Center were recruited. All participants completed questionnaires regarding medical history, behavioral tendencies, negative emotions, trauma, symptoms, and pathology(from a CM perspective). Data on tumor characteristics were collected from the pathology reports. The associations were examined using hierarchical binary logistic regressions.Results: A total of 155 BC patients were enrolled. The median age was 52 years, with a range of 26–79;95% were mothers;28% had estrogen receptor(ER)-negative BC, 52% had progesterone receptor(PR)-negative BC, 48% had human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC, and antigen Ki-67 ≥ 20%was reported for 52% of tumors. Statistically significant associations were found between the emotional markers(sense of motherhood failure, and lack of self-fulfillment), avoidance behavior, and physical symptoms that are related to emotional repression based on CM. Significant associations were also found between variables associated with physical symptoms of emotional repression, which involves the production and accumulation of non-substantial phlegm(i.e., ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm"),avoidance behavior which unconsciously uses ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm" in order to achieve emotional repression, and tumor parameters including tumor grade, PR status, and Ki-67.Patients with higher levels of ‘‘high-lipid Qi-like microscopic phlegm" were more likely to have tumors with worse prognosis(PR-negative, higher grade, and higher Ki-67).Conclusion: We demonstrated a relationship between emotional parameters, behavioral tendencies, CM

关键词： Breast cancer Chinese medicine Negative emotions Repression Trauma Phlegm

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Leaky gut and the liver: A role for bacterial translocation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第21期18卷 2609-2618页

作者： Yaron ilan Gastroenterology and Liver Units Department of Medicine Hadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem 91120 Israel

Gut flora and bacterial translocation (BT) play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and its complications. Intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation of gut flora from the intestinal lumen predispose patients to bacterial infections, major complications and also play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disorders. Levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, a component of gram-negative bacteria, are increased in the portal and/or systemic circulation in several types of chronic liver disease. Impaired gut epithelial integrity due to alterations in tight junction proteins may be the pathological mechanism underlying bacterial translocation. Preclinical and clinical studies over the last decade have suggested a role for BT in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bacterial overgrowth, immune dysfunction, alteration of the luminal factors, and altered intestinal permeability are all involved in the pathogenesis of NASH and its complications. A better understanding of the cell-specific recognition and intracellular signaling events involved in sensing gut-derived microbes will help in the development of means to achieve an optimal balance in the gut-liver axis and ameliorate liver diseases. These may suggest new targets for potential therapeutic interventions for the treatment of NASH. Here, we review some of the mechanisms connecting BT and NASH and potential therapeutic developments.

关键词：肠道菌群肠道细菌酒精性易位肝炎脂肪发病机制肠上皮细胞

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Taking Time, Sharing Spaces: Adaptive Risk Governance Processes in Rural Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 464-471页

作者： ilan Chabay Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany

Rural and peri-urban communities in Japan, as well as in many other regions of the world, face risks of discrete event natural phenomena, including earthquakes,floods, and landslides. They also face persistent disruptive stress due to risks that remain active over long durations,such as the loss of community capacities due to an aging population. This article describes my observations of and subsequent reflections on adaptive risk governance and community resilience building processes in two areas of western and southern Japan—Chizu in Tottori Prefecture and towns near Kumamoto City in Kumamoto Prefecture.Four aspects of adaptive risk governance from this limited set of observations stood out:(1) the importance of establishing a durable, patient process,(2) initiated and facilitated by a trusted figure, in(3) a space or venue accessible and open to the community, and(4) augmented by boundary objects that facilitate role playing, iteration,and ownership by the community of solutions generated in these dialogues.

关键词： Boundary objects Case Station-Field Campuses(CASiFiCA) Community resilience Knowledge Learning and Societal Change Alliance(KLASICA) Japan Risk governance Yonmenkaigi System Method(YSM)

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Lost for Words Amongst Disaster Risk Science Vocabulary?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 281-291页

作者： ilan Kelman Institute for Global Health and Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London University of Agder

Like other subjects, disaster risk science has developed its own vocabulary with glossaries. Some keywords, such as resilience, have an extensive literature on definitions, meanings, and interpretations. Other terms have been less explored. This article investigates core disaster risk science vocabulary that has not received extensive attention in terms of examining the meanings,interpretations, and connotations based on key United Nations glossaries. The terms covered are hazard, vulnerability, disaster risk, and the linked concepts of disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management. Following a presentation and analysis of the glossary-based definitions,discussion draws out understandings of disasters and disaster risk science, which the glossaries do not fully provide in depth, especially vulnerability and disasters as processes. Application of the results leads to considering the possibility of a focus on risk rather than disaster risk while simplifying vocabulary by moving away from disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management.

关键词： Disaster risk Disaster risk management(DRM) Disaster risk reduction(DRR) Hazard Vulnerability

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Climate Change and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 117-127页

作者： ilan Kelman UCL Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and UCL Institute for Global Health University College London Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI)

This article reviews climate change within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR), analyzing how climate change is mentioned in the framework’s text and the potential implications for dealing with climate change within the context of disaster risk reduction. Three main categories are examined. First,climate change affecting disaster risk and disasters,demonstrating too much emphasis on the single hazard driver and diminisher of climate change. Second, crosssectoral approaches, for which the SFDRR treads carefully,thereby unfortunately entrenching artificial differences and divisions, although appropriately offering plenty of support to other sectors from disaster risk reduction. Third,implementation, for which climate change plays a suitable role without being overbearing, but for which other hazard influencers should have been treated similarly. Overall, the mentions of climate change within the SFDRR put too much emphasis on the hazard part of disaster risk. Instead,within the context of the three global sustainable development processes that seek agreements in 2015, climate change could have been used to further support an allvulnerabilities and all-resiliences approach. That could be achieved by placing climate change adaptation as one subset within disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation as one subset within sustainable development.

关键词：气候变化气候变化改编气候变化缓解气候可变性灾难缓解灾难风险减小

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内辐射带高能质子对磁暴响应的统计研究

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地球物理学报 2023年第2期66卷 455-471页

作者：何兆海徐寄遥王赤戴磊陈涛 ilan Roth 中国科学院国家空间科学中心空间天气学国家重点实验室北京100080 中国科学院大学北京100049 Space Sciences Laboratory University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA

范艾伦卫星-A观测表明内辐射带高能质子通量在磁暴主相期间显著下降,在恢复相时与地磁SYM-H指数同步恢复.磁暴期间内辐射带高能质子通量变化对磁场变化的响应是绝热的吗?基于刘维尔定理和第一和第三绝热不变量守恒,定量地评估了高能质... 详细信息

范艾伦卫星-A观测表明内辐射带高能质子通量在磁暴主相期间显著下降,在恢复相时与地磁SYM-H指数同步恢复.磁暴期间内辐射带高能质子通量变化对磁场变化的响应是绝热的吗?基于刘维尔定理和第一和第三绝热不变量守恒,定量地评估了高能质子在内辐射带中的完全绝热效应.两个事件研究表明,理论计算的绝热效应导致的高能质子通量变化与范艾伦卫星观测结果吻合良好.本文进而对2013-2016年期间发生的67次磁暴事件进行了统计研究.结果发现磁暴主相和恢复相期间,内辐射带高能质子通量变化的90%贡献是完全绝热效应.相空间密度的调查结果也支持这一结论.最后通过对比研究磁暴前后高能质子通量的变化,我们发现大部分磁暴(56/67)期间,绝热效应能解释内辐射带高能质子通量的变化;另外11次磁暴事件中非绝热效应可能起着重要作用.

关键词：内辐射带高能质子完全绝热效应

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以色列严重退化旱地长期恢复对土壤和植被的影响

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第3期33卷 529-546页

作者： ilan STAVI Manuel PULIDO FERNáNDEZ Eli ARGAMAN Dead Sea and Arava Science Center Yotvata 88820Israel Eilat Campus Ben-Gurion University of the NegevEilat 88100Israel Geo-Environmental Research Group University of ExtremaduraCáceres 10071Spain Soil Erosion Research Station Ministry of Agriculture&Rural DevelopmentPOB 30Bet Dagan 50250Israel

Land degradation affects extensive drylands around the world.Due to long-term misuse,the Israeli Sde Zin dryland site has faced severe degradation.The study objective was to assess the feasibility of passive restoration in recovering the site.The study was conducted in four land-units along a preservation-degradation continuum:(1)an area that has not faced anthropogenic disturbances(Ecological land);(2)an area that was proclaimed as a national park in the 1970s(Rehabilitation);(3)an area that was prone,until recently,to moderate anthropogenic pressures(Triangle);and(4)a dirt road that was subjected to long-term off-road traffic(Dirtroad).Soil was sampled and analyzed for its properties.The soil physical quality followed the trend of Ecological land>Rehabilitation>Triangle>Dirtroad.Specifically,high soil salinity in the latter three land-units is attributed to long-term erosional processes that exposed the underlying salic horizons.Herbaceous and shrubby vegetation cover was also monitored.The herbaceous vegetation cover followed the trend of Ecological land(86.4%)>Rehabilitation(40.3%)>Triangle(26.2%)>Dirtroad(2.1%),while the shrubby cover was 2.8%in the Ecological land-unit,and practically zero in the other land-units.It seems that despite the effectiveness of passive restoration in recovering the soil’s physical properties,the recovery of vegetation is limited by the severe soil salinity.

关键词： active rehabilitation ecosystem functions land-use change land degradation and desertification annual vs.perennial plants self-restoration

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Critiquing and Joining Intersections of Disaster,Conflict,and Peace Research

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 555-567页

作者： Laura E.R.Peters ilan Kelman College of Earth.Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallis.OR 97331USA Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction and Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BT.UK University of Agder.4630 Kristiansand Norway

Disaster research,conflict research,and peace research have rich and deep histories,yet they do not always fully intersect or learn from each other,even when they investigate if and how disasters lead to conflict or peace.Scholarship has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster(including those associated with climate change)and conflict,and disaster diplomacy emerged as a thread of explanatory research that investigates how and why disaster-related activities do and do not in fluence peace and conflict.However,definitive conclusions on the disaster-conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus,in part due to conceptual,methodological,and interpretive differences among studies.This article highlights that this nexus would benefit from a more robust engagement with each field's foundational research that explores beyond binary and crude distinctions.Examples are concepts of destructive and constructive conflict;direct,structural,and cultural violence,and their relationships to vulnerability;negative and positive peace;and the ideals and realities of peacebuilding and conflict transformation.This article demonstrates how integrated scholarship could open up and advance new lines of questioning,with implications for developing cohere nt research,policy,and practice.The article concludes by offering recommendations for how to better connect disaster,conflict,and peace research.

关键词： Climate change Conflict research Disaster diplomacy Disaster risk reduction Peace research

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