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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1918-1925页

作者： ikechukwu o. agbagwa Department o. Plant Science and Bio.echno.o.y Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Port HarcourtPort Harcourt Nigeria

The efficacy o. crude extracts o. Senna alata in the impro.ement o. vegetative and repro.uctive gro.th in Celo.ia aregentea was investigated. Fresh leaves o. S. alata were blended with a ho.o.enizer in 1 litre o. distilled water. The resultant green paste was filtered under suctio.. Different co.centratio.s (75%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 12%, 10%, and 5%) were prepared fro. the 100% crude extract. Seeds o. C. argentea were preso.ked in these different co.centratio.s including a co.tro. (0%) and planted o.t after 24 ho.rs. Results o.tained sho.ed that seedling height, leaf area, dry weight and leaf area ratio.were pro.o.ed and enhanced by preso.king seeds in the extract. At the end o. the experimental perio. (six weeks), seedling height in 75% and 100% treatments were 109 ± 16.12 cm and 117 ± 19.32 cm, leaf area 128 ± 17.91 cm2 and 125 ± 18.12 cm2, dry weight 7.48 kg and 7.0 kg respectively. Seedlings raised fro. seeds preso.ked in water (co.tro.) ho.ever, flo.ered earlier (8 weeks) than the treatments (10 weeks in 75% and 100%). Preso.king seeds o. C. argentea in crude extracts o. S. alata befo.e planting is reco.mended fo. o.timum pro.uctio. o. the leafy vegetable. The pro.edure is cheap and easily implementable by reso.rce-po.r farmers who.are the main gro.ers o. C. argentea.

关键词： Celo.ia argentea Ho.mo.es Plant Extract Senna alata Vegetable

Ergastic Substances (Calcium o.alate Crystals) in the Leaf o. Co.bretumLo.fl. (Co.bretaceae) Species in Nigeria

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2014年第15期5卷 2389-2401页

作者： Chimezie Ekeke ikechukwu o. agbagwa Department o. Plant Science and Bio.echno.o.y Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Leaves o. twenty-two.(22) species o. Co.bretum in Nigeria were examined fo. o.currence and distributio. o. different types and sizes o. ergastic substances (calcium o.alate crystals). Fresh and herbarium specimens were used fo. the study. These specimens were wax embedded, sectio.ed, mo.nted and micro.pho.o.raphed using Leica WILD MPS 52 micro.co.e camera o. Leitz Diaplan micro.co.e. Results revealed two.types o. calcium o.alate crystals—crystal sand and druses. Based o. the o.served differences in the size o. the crystals, three gro.ps o. calcium o.alate crystals are repo.ted [large crystals: 180.0 - 360.0 μm (241 ± 44.57 μm), mo.erate crystals: 90.0 - 144.0 μm (117.0 ± 20.60 μm), and small crystals: 18.0 - 72.0 μm (50.21 ± 20.42 μm)]. Crystal sand was fo.nd o.ly in Co.bretum sp. 1 but druses o. varying sizes predo.inated amo.gst species o. the genus. Crystals were distributed within the spo.gy meso.hyll, palisade meso.hyll, sub-epidermis adaxial, sub-epidermis abaxial and between the palisade and spo.gy meso.hyll. The findings o. this wo.k pro.ide info.matio. o. the o.currence and distributio. o. the crystals in the leaf epidermis o. these taxa in Nigeria. The fo.matio., o.currence and distributio. o. the crystal type in the Co.bretum species co.stitute dependable taxo.o.ic character especially when co.bined with o.her characters.

关键词： Co.bretum Calcium o.alate Crystals Crystal Sand Druses Meso.hyll

o.l and Gas Pipeline Co.structio.-Induced Fo.est Fragmentatio. and Bio.iversity Lo.s in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Natural Reso.rces 2014年第12期5卷 698-718页

作者： ikechukwu o. agbagwa Benjamin C. Ndukwu Department o. Plant Science and Bio.echno.o.y Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The impacts o. o.l and gas pipeline co.structio. o. the fo.est and bio.iversity in parts o. the Niger Delta was investigated. This was achieved by studying the co.structio. activities and o.eratio.al phases o. two.pipelines with cumulative length o. 165 km vis-à-vis the bio.iversity o. the affected area. The study invo.ved field sampling alo.g the Ro.s to.invento.ize the fauna and flo.a, visual assessments and interview with lo.als. It was o.served that the pipelines traversed mo.st lo.land/freshwater swamp and mangro.e fo.ests, and barrier islands with appro.imately 4,950,000 m2 (equivalent o. 495 hectares) o. fo.est cleared and 9,642,000 trees killed to.realize the pipelines. A to.al o. 219 plant species in 66 families and 125 different fauna species fro. 64 families were reco.ded in these areas. Three o.t o. the 4 reco.ded species o. Meliaceae were threatened based o. IUCN Co.servatio. Status. Also.based o. IUCN Co.servatio. Status, 20 mammals, including Pan tro.lo.ytes, Cerco.ithecus erythro.aster and Trichechus senegalensis, 7 birds, 2 reptiles and 1 amphibian were within threatened gro.p. The results sho.ed that the study area had witnessed co.o.sal lo.s o. bio.iversity due to.habitat displacement, fo.est fragmentatio. and defo.estatio., and escalated explo.tatio. o. species. The study identified the mo.t affected bio.iversity, and pro.fered measures to.mitigate such o.currences.

关键词： Bio.iversity Fo.est Fragmentatio. Pipeline Co.structio. Right o. Way Niger Delta

Bio.nfo.matics a To.l fo. Bio.ystematics Studies o. Lagenaria siceraria(Mo..) Standl. Co.plex

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2019年第10期10卷 1729-1748页

作者： Fo.tune o. Awala Benjamin C. Ndukwu ikechukwu o. agbagwa Department o. Plant Science & Bio.echno.o.y University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Bio.nfo.matics has been a majo. to.l in the revo.utio. o. plant systematics in recent times. The diversity o. fruit shapes in Lagenaria siceraria (Mo..) standl. species has been o. great co.cern because o. its fruit co.plexity. This study is based o. the applicatio. o. rubisco.enzyme using rbcL marker because o. its co.servativeness and its ability to.discriminate belo. the specific level hence its usage to.sequence the chlo.o.last geno.e with ABI, PRISM 377 DNA sequencer. The sequences o.tained were viewed using MEGA X so.tware and subsequently subjected to.validatio. thro.gh Natio.al Center fo. Bio.echno.o.y Info.matio. (NCBI) using Nucleo.ide Basic Lo.al Alignment Search To.l (BLAST N). The result o.tained sho.ed that all the sequences belo.g to.Lagenaria siceraria (Mo..) standl. with percentages ranging fro. 95% to.100% fo. query co.er sequences and 98% to.100% fo. identity sequences. Fro. the taxo.o.ic repo.t o.tained sequence A, C, G, H, J, Q has the highest hits o. 44 o. Lagenaria siceraria o.t o. 109 to.al value, sequence o.and R has the highest hits o. 44 o. Lagenaria siceraria o.t o. the to.al value o. 111, sequence V has the highest hits o. 44 o. Lagenaria siceraria o.t o. 119 to.al value and sequence X finally has the highest value hits o. 44 o. Lagenaria sceriania o.t o. 105 to.al value, based o. this repo.t, phylo.enetic tree was co.structed to.sho. the level o. relatedness o. the different fruit diversity o. L. siceraria co.plex. This wo.k therefo.e has aided in the mo.ecular characterizatio. o. Lagenaria siceraria (Mo..) standl. landraces fo.nd in Nigeria.

关键词： Bio.nfo.matics Bio.ystematics Phylo.enetic Diversity Lagenaria siceraria (Mo..) Standl. Co.plex

Phyto.eo.raphical Distributio. and Fruit Diversity o. Lagenaria sicerariaSpecies in Nigeria

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 958-975页

作者： Fo.tune o. Awala Benjamin C. Ndukwu ikechukwu o. agbagwa Department o. Plant Science & Bio.echno.o.y University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Phyto.eo.raphical distributio. and fruit diversity o. Lagenaria siceraria (Mo..) Standl species in Nigeria were accessed. Info.matio. o. the distributio. and fruit diversity was so.rced fro. three herbaria, Fo.estry Research Institute o. Nigeria Herberia, University o. Po.t Harco.rt Herberia and the University o. Ibadan Herberia. A field survey acro.s fifteen states in Nigeria namely Kaduna, Kano. Plateau, o.o. Akwa Ibo., Cro.s River, Taraba, Bayelsa and Enugu, Ebo.yi, o.do. o.un, Kwara Anambra and Rivers State. A to.al o. twenty-fo.r fruit shapes were accessed. The diversity o. fruit shapes acro.s the geo.raphical regio.s o. Nigeria sho.s that the Guinea savannah has all the twenty-fo.r different landraces represented, while Tro.ical rain fo.est has nineteen, Sudan savannah has seventeen and Freshwater swamp and the Saltwater swamp has eleven different fruit shapes respectively. The fruits o. Lagenaria siceraria (Mo.) Standl is co.sidered a to.o.line since it is no. affected o.ly by enviro.mental facto.s but po.sess a wide distributio. pattern acro.s the geo.raphical regio.s o. Nigeria.

关键词： Fruit Diversity Lagenaria siceraria (Mo.) Standl To.o.line Eco.line and Phyto.eo.raphical Distributio.

Mito.ic Studies o. Co.bretumLo.fl. fro. Nigeria

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American Jo.rnal o. Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 508-511页

作者： Chimezie Ekeke ikechukwu o. agbagwa Bo.a E. o.o.i Department o. Plant Science and Bio.echno.o.y University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria.

Cyto.o.ical studies invo.ving ro.t-tip chro.o.o.es o. ten Co.bretum species belo.ging to.the family Co.bretaceae fro. Nigeriawere carried o.t. The result sho.ed that C. platypterum, C. racemo.um, C. co.strictum, C. bracteatum and a yet to.be identified Co.bretum sp.2 have a chro.o.o.e number o. 2n = 26. Also. C. racemo.um, C. zenkeri and Co.bretum sp.3 (yet to.be identified) have a chro.o.o.e number o. 2n = 39. A basic chro.o.o.e number o. x = 13 fo. the genus is therefo.e pro.o.ed.

关键词： Co.bretum Co.bretaceae Cyto.o.y Mito.ic Chro.o.o.es

Vaginal Hyperplasia and Pro.ressive Vaginal Fo.d Pro.apse in a Bullmastiff Bitch

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o.en Jo.rnal o. Veterinary Medicine 2020年第5期10卷 55-63页

作者： Kenneth o. Anya Chike F. o.uejio.o. Theo.hilus o. Nnaji ikechukwu J. Udeani Department o. Veterinary o.stetrics and Repro.uctive Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department o. Veterinary Surgery Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Ho.pital Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Canine repro.uctive pro.lems co.stitute so.e o. the mo.t challenging cases enco.ntered in small animal veterinary practice. This is usually co.plicated in breeding do.s by the unwillingness o. clients to.give co.sent fo. surgical interventio.s, due to.the fear o. lo.s o. repro.uctive functio.. In this case, a two.year-o.d Bullmastiff bitch was presented to.the Veterinary Teaching Ho.pital with a mass pro.rusio. fro. the vulva. Clinical examinatio. revealed an eversio. o. a to.gue-shaped vaginal tissue fro. the flo.r o. the vaginal wall which subsequently pro.ressed to.an eversio. o. the co.plete vaginal circumference fo.ming a do.ghnut-shaped mass. Investigatio.s carried o.t included ultraso.o.raphy, hemato.o.y, ho.mo.al assay, vaginal cyto.o.y, vaginal swab micro.ial culture and antimicro.ial sensitivity test. A diagno.is o. vaginal fo.d pro.apse (type III) which pro.ressed fro. a type II pro.apse was made. Due to.the client’s initial disinclinatio. to.a surgical interventio., the appro.ch to.the case evo.ved fro. a co.servative management to.an eventual surgical co.rectio.. There was a request to.preserve the repro.uctive functio. o. the bitch, therefo.e o.ario.ysterecto.y was declined and the case was managed by surgical excisio. o. the pro.apsed vaginal mass under general anesthesia. A peri-vulvar purse string suture was placed tempo.arily to.restrict any further pro.apse. Histo.atho.o.ical evaluatio. o. the excised vaginal tissue co.firmed marked hyperplasia o. the stratified squamo.s epithelium with intracellular edema and spo.gio.is. There was fo.al ulceratio. o. vaginal muco.a with neutro.hilic infiltratio.. The lamina pro.ria sho.ed reduced cellular density with lo.se and edemato.s co.nective tissue. Po.t-surgical care included daily care o. surgical wo.nd and the administratio. o. analgesic, antibio.ic and vitamin supplements. Subsequently, there was no.recurrence o. the co.ditio. in the bitch which came into.estrus 27 weeks po.t-surgery, and was bred with

关键词： Vaginal Hyperplasia Vaginal Fo.d Pro.apse Vaginal Surgery Bitch Estrus

NVP-BEZ235/Chlo.in-e6 co.lo.ded nano.articles ablate breast cancer by bio.hemical and pho.o.ynamic synergistic effects

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Nano.Research 2018年第9期11卷 4846-4858页

作者： Ahmed Shaker Eltahan Lu Liu Chukwunweike ikechukwu o.eke Min Huang Lu Han Jing Chen Xue Xue Massimo.Bo.tini Weisheng Guo.Xing-Jie Liang CAS Key Labo.ato.y fo. Bio.edical Effects o. Nano.aterials and Nano.afety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China Beijing 100190 China University o. Chinese Academy o. Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Labo.ato.y o. Medicinal Chemical Bio.o.y College of Pharmacy Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China Department o. Experimental Medicine and Surgery University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome O0133 Italy Beijing Engineering Research Center o. Printed Electro.ics Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Beijing 102600 China

Seeking pro.itable therapies fo. triple-negative breast cancer （TNBC） has attracted intense research interest. Ho.ever, an efficient cure fo. TNBC remains an unreso.ved challenge in o.co.o.y. Herein, fo. the first time, we describe the use o. po.ymeric nano.articles lo.ded with NVP-BEZ235 and Chlo.in-e6, deno.ed as NVP/Ce6@NPs, to.o.erco.e the adaptive treatment to.erance o. TNBC by taking advantage o. the synergistic effect .between bio.hemical and pho.o.ynamic therapies. Upo. laser irradiatio., the NVP/Ce6@NPs generated reactive o.ygen species （Ro.） and efficiently induced the apo.to.is o. tumo. cells thro.gh DNA damage. Furthermo.e, the released NVP-BEZ235 co.ld prevent Chkl pho.pho.ylatio.-induced DNA damage repair, thus enhancing the sensitivity o. tumo. cells to.Ro.. Animal studies o. mice bearing an MDA-MB-231 tumo. validated that the NVP/Ce6@NPs had a greater therapeutic efficacy co.pared to.that o. mo.o.herapies, with an inhibitio. ratio.o. 89.3%. Western blo.ting and cell viability analyses co.firmed the inhibitio. o. bo.h MDA-MB-231 cell pro.iferatio. and Chkl pho.pho.ylatio. by NVP/Ce6@NPs. These findings pro.ide a ratio.al understanding o. the synergistic effect o. the bio.hemical/pho.o.ynamic therapy and pave the way fo. the develo.ment o. efficient therapeutic appro.ches to.fight against TNBC.

关键词： nano.edicine triple-negative breast cancer NVP-BEZ235 pho.o.ynamic therapy synergistic therapy

A Cro.s Sectio.al Sero.Study o. Vero.yto.o.igenic Escherichia co.i (VTEC) Sero.ypes in Apparently Healthy and Diarrho.ic Cattle in Abuja, Federal Capital Territo.y (FCT), Nigeria

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o.en Jo.rnal o. Veterinary Medicine 2016年第6期6卷 89-94页

作者： Simo. ikechukwu Enem Stephen Ike o.o.gbulem Chinwe Elizabeth o.o.i Enid Ene Go.win Department o. Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria Department o. Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

It is recko.ed wo.ldwide that vero.yto.o.igenic Escherichia co.i (VTEC) sero.ypes are impo.tant fo.d bo.ne patho.ens causing severe health pro.lems in humans. A cro.s sectio.al epidemio.o.ical study was carried o.t to.determine the prevalence o. VTEC sero.ypes (o.57 and no. o.57) in bo.h apparently healthy and diarrho.ic cattle in Abuja, FCT. A to.al o. 718 faecal samples co.lected fro. abatto.rs and cattle herds fro. Abuja, FCT representing 381 fro. apparently healthy and 337 fro. diarrho.ic cattle were analyzed. Primary iso.atio. o. typical E. co.i was do.e using Eo.in Methylene Blue (EMB) agar and perfo.ming bio.hemical tests. Samples were further analyzed using Cefixime, Tellurite-So.bito. McCo.key (CT-SMAC) agar to.identify so.bito. and no. so.bito. fermenting E. co.i. Further characterizatio. o. bo.h the so.bito. fermenting and no. so.bito. fermenting E. co.i was do.e using co.mercially pro.ured latex agglutinatio. test kits fro. o.o.d, United Kingdo.. The prevalence o. VTEC o.57 in apparently healthy cattle was 1.84% and 2.96% fo. diarrho.ic cattle while the prevalence o. no. o.57 VTEC was 3.67% and 7.12% fo. apparently healthy and diarrho.ic cattle respectively. There was no.stro.g asso.iatio. (p > 0.05) between faecal co.sistency and infectio. with VTEC o.57. A stro.g asso.iatio. (p o.ever existed between faecal co.sistency and infectio. with no.-o.57 VTEC. Diarrho.ic cattle appear likely to.be mo.e affected. The implicatio. o. the study is that individuals in co.tact with cattle such as veterinarians, abatto.r wo.kers and cattle herdsmen are at risk o. expo.ure to.VTEC and pro.er hygienic co.tro. measures sho.ld be ado.ted.

关键词： Sero.Study VTEC Sero.ypes Apparently Healthy Diarrho.ic Cattle

Pro.ein engineering fo. natural pro.uct bio.ynthesis:expanding diversity fo. therapeutic applicatio.s

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Jo.rnal o. Bio.X Research 2023年第2期6卷 49-60页

作者： Sarah o.uwato.i o.un Jo.dy Alexis Lerma-Escalera Khayalethu Ntushelo.ikechukwu Achilo.u Pro.ein Structure-Functio. and Research Unit School of Molecular and Cell BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of the WitwatersrandBraamfontein 2050JohannesburgSouth Africa Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónSan Nicolás de los GarzaMexico Centro.de Investigación en Bio.ecno.o.ía y Nano.ecno.o.ía Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasParque de Investigación e Innovación TecnológicaUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónApodacaMexico Department o. Agriculture and Animal Health University of South AfricaFlorida 1710South Africa

In this dispensatio. o. the fo.rth industrial revo.utio.,pro.ein engineering has beco.e a po.ular appro.ch fo. increasing enzymatic activity,stability,and titer in the bio.ynthesis o. natural *** is attributed to.its numero.s advantages(o.er direct iso.atio. fro. plants o. via chemical synthesis),including decreasing o. eliminating reactio. bypro.ucts,high precisio.,mo.erate handling o. intricate and chemically unstable chemicals,o.erall reusability,and co.t ***,pro.ein engineering to.ls have advanced to.redesign and enhance natural pro.uct *** metho.s include direct evo.utio.,substrate engineering,medium engineering,enzyme engineering and immo.ilizatio.,structure-assisted pro.ein engineering,and advanced *** successes in implementing these emerging pro.ein engineering techno.o.ies were critically discussed in this ***,the advantages,limitatio.s,and applicatio.s in industrial and medical bio.echno.o.y were ***,future research directio.s and po.ential were also.highlighted.

关键词： antibo.ies engineering industrial enzymes natural pro.uct bio.ynthesis pro.ein engineering po.yketides synthetic bio.o.y