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Effects of Trekking Pole Use on Metabolic Cost in Novice Hikers on Steep Terrains

Journal of Sports Science 2017年第5期5卷 256-264页

作者： Yong Bin Han ik jin kwon Dae Taek Lee Eun jin Hwang Jong Kwang Kim Eun Hyung Cho Graduate Program of Sports Engineering Convergence Kookmin University Seou102 707 Korea Department of Sports Health and Rehabilitation Kookmin University Seou102707 Korea Graduate School of Sports Natural Science Kookmin University Seou102707 Korea College of Sport Science Sung Kyun Kwan University Gyeonggi-do 16419 Korea

PURPOSE： This study examined whether the use of trekking poles alters metabolic cost in steep hiking by novice hikers and whether the response would be dependent on the grade of the terrain. METHODS： Twelve participants completed two trekking trials （with poles [WP] and without trekking poles [NP]） with round trips comprising three grades： 7.0 ± 0.7°, 12.9 ± 0.7°, and 18.8 ± 1.3°） over a steep mountain at self-paced speeds. During the trials, time spent for trekking （TT）, oxygen consumption （VO2）, heart rate （HR）, ratings of perceived exertion （RPE）, and step frequency （Sf） were measured, and step efficiency （Se） and oxygen pulse （OP） were calculated. RESULTS： TT tended to be longer in the WP than NP for both terrains （P 〈 0.05）. HR, VO2, and RPE were the same for the WP and NP. Sfwas lower in WP going uphill （P 〈 0.05） but was unchanged going downhill. Se in the WP was higher than in the NP for both terrains （P 〈 0.01）. When analyzed by slope, VO2 during uphill at 18.8° was lower in WP （37.2 ± 6.3） than in NP （38.6 ± 7.1 ml .kg-1 .min-1, P 〈 0.05）, but no difference in VO2 was found between WP and NP at the 12.9° and 7.0°. TT during uphill was slower in WP than NP at 12.9°（7.9± 1.1 vs. 7.4 ± 1.0） and 18.8° （5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.9± 1.0 min, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. No differences were noticed in HR and OP during uphill at every grade. CONCLUSIONS： Pole use decreased metabolic cost in the novice hikers only in the highest grade but not in the other two lower grades.

关键词： Oxygen uptake heart rate uphill downhill.

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Electrochemically Deposited CZTSSe Thin Films for Monolithic Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with Efficiencies Over 17%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 147-152页

作者： Sun Kyung Hwang ik Jae Park Se Won Seo Jae Hyun Park So Jeong Park jin Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Applied Physics Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials(RIAM) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In spite of the high potential economic feasibility of the tandem solar cells consisting of the halide perovskite and the kesterite Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe),they have rarely been demonstrated due to the difficulty in implementing solution-processed perovskite top cell on the rough surface of the bottom ***,we firstly demonstrate an efficient monolithic two-terminal perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar cell by significantly reducing the surface roughness of the electrochemically deposited CZTSSe bottom *** surface roughness(R_(rms))of the CZTSSe thin film could be reduced from 424 to 86 nm by using the potentiostatic mode rather than using the conventional galvanostatic mode,which can be further reduced to 22 nm after the subsequent ion-milling *** perovskite top cell with a bandgap of 1.65 eV could be prepared using a solution process on the flattened CZTSSe bottom cell,resulting in the efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar *** the current matching between two subcells involving the thickness control of the perovskite layer,the best performing tandem device exhibited a high conversion efficiency of 17.5%without the hysteresis effect.

关键词： CZTSSe monolithic tandem solar cells perovskite solution process surface roughness control

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Carbon nanotube formation using zeolite template and applications

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2012年第3期1卷 179-193页

作者： Wei ZHAO Bijay BASNET ik jin KIM Institute for Processing and Application of Inorganic Materials(PAIM) Department of Materials Science and EngineeringHanseo UniversitySeosan city 356-706Korea

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have attracted intensive interests of researchers for a long time due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties promising for various potential applications,including advanced ceramics,nanoelectronic devices,nanoscale sensors,solar cells,battery electrode,field emitters,etc..This review summarized the synthetic methods of CNTs,with an emphasis on the chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method,especially catalytic *** there still are some challenges in the way,with the development of the technology,a hope for widespread applications always exists.

关键词： carbon nanotubes catalytic chemical vapor deposition zeolite template catalyst

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Calcium/calcimimetic via calcium-sensing receptor ameliorates cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea in mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期30卷 268-279页

作者： Lie-Qi Tang Johnathan Fraebel Shi jin Steven P Winesett Jane Harrell Wen-Han Chang Sam Xianjun Cheng Department of Pediatrics University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States College of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Medicine Endocrine Research UnitVeterans Affairs Medical CenterUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94121United States Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Florida Shands Children’s HospitalGainesvilleFL 32608United States

BACKGROUND Enterotoxins produce diarrhea through direct epithelial action and indirectly by activating the enteric nervous ***-sensing receptor(CaSR)inhibits both *** latter has been well documented in vitro but not in *** hypothesis to be tested was that activating CaSR inhibits diarrhea in *** To determine whether CaSR agonists ameliorate secretory diarrhea evoked by cholera toxin(CTX)in *** CTX was given orally to C57BL/6 mice to induce *** and calci-mimetic R568 were used to activate *** maximize their local intestinal actions,calcium was administered luminally via oral rehydration solution(ORS),whereas R568 was applied serosally using an intraperitoneal *** verify that their actions resulted from the intestine,effects were also examined on Cre-lox intestine-specific CaSR *** outcome was measured biochemically by monitoring changes in fecal Cl-or clinically by assessing stool consistency and weight *** CTX induced secretory diarrhea,as evidenced by increases in fecal Cl-,stool consistency,and weight loss following CTX exposure,but did not alter CaSR,neither in content nor in ***,calcium and R568 were each able to ameliorate diarrhea when applied to diseased *** CaSR involvement is suggested by gene knockout experiments where the anti-diarrheal actions of R568 were lost in intestinal epithelial CaSR knockouts(villinCre/Casrflox/flox)and neuronal CaSR knockouts(nestinCre/Casrflox/flox).CONCLUSION Treatment of acute secretory diarrheas remains a global *** advances in diarrhea research,few have been made in the realm of diarrhea *** therapy has remained the standard of care,although it does not halt the losses of intestinal fluid and ions caused by *** is no cost-effective therapeutic for *** and other studies suggest that adding calcium to ORS or using calcimimetics to activate intestinal CaSR might

关键词： Cholera Enteric nervous system Secretory diarrhea Oral rehydration solution Calcium-sensing receptor Gene knockout

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Analysis of Quenching Resistor Effect to Improve Stability of TIA Circuit for APD-A Secondary Publication

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Journal of Electronic Research and Application 2024年第2期8卷 54-61页

作者： Dong-Han Ki Yu-Rin jin Sung-Mi Kim Seong-ik Cho Department of Electronics Engineering Jeonbuk National UniversityJeollabuk-doRepublic of Korea

In this paper,since the Avalanche Photo Diode(APD)for Light-to-Voltage LTV conversion uses a high voltage in the operating range unlike other Photo Diodes(PD),the quenching resistor must be connected in series to prevent overcurrent when using the Transimpedance Amplifier(TIA).In such a case,quenching resistance may affect the transfer function of the TIA circuit,resulting in serious ***,in this paper,by analyzing the effect of APD quenching resistance on the voltage and current loop transfer function of TIA,we proposed a loop analysis and a method for determining the quenching resistance value to improve stability.A TIA circuit with quenching resistance was designed by the proposed method and its operational stability was verified through simulation and chip fabrication.

关键词： APD TIA Quenching resistor Stability Transfer function

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Systematic study of(MoTa)_(x)NbTiZr medium-and high-entropy alloys for biomedical implants-In vivo biocompatibility examination

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第19期78卷 183-191页

作者： Muhammad Akmal Ahtesham Hussain Muhammad Afzal Young ik Lee Ho jin Ryu Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAISTYuseongDaejeon 34141South Korea Lee's Biotech Co. Ltd.#415C-Dong13 Techno-4-roYuseong-guDaejeon34013South Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering KAISTYuseongDaejeon34141South Korea Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering KAISTYuseongDaejeon 34141South Korea

In this study,the application of medium-and high-entropy(Mo Ta)_(x)Nb Ti Zr alloys in biomedical implants was systematically *** alloy with the best combination of mechanical properties was selected and characterized for in vitro and in vivo response for the first time to examine its biomedical properties.A logarithmic increase in the hardness and the yield strength was observed as a function of the Mo and Ta *** with up to 0.4 mol fraction of Mo and Ta showed a plastic strain of more than 30%under *** nanoindentation results showed that the addition of Mo and Ta increased the elastic modulus of the system *** was surmised that the addition of Ta and Mo above a critical concentration(mole fraction=0.4)was unfavorable from a biomedical perspective as it increased the brittleness and elastic modulus and decreased the ductility of the ***,the(Mo Ta)_(0.2)Nb Ti Zr alloy is a potential structural material for biomedical implants because of its excellent strength and *** developed alloy was investigated for its corrosion properties and compared with commercial biomedical ***,the biocompatibility of the alloy was examined using an in vivo *** alloy was implanted in the skeletal muscles of mice for four weeks and the histology of the surrounding tissue was *** alloy exhibited strong passive behavior in a phosphate buffer solution and non-toxic soft tissue response.

关键词： High-entropy alloys Medium-entropy alloys Biomedical applications In vivo Biocompatibility

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Al2O3-TiO2/ZrO2-SiO2 based porous ceramics from particle-stabilized wet foam

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2017年第2期6卷 129-138页

作者： Bijay BASNET Naboneeta SARKAR Jung Gyu PARK Sangram MAZUMDER ik jin KIM Institute of Processing and Application of Inorganic Materials(PAIM) Hanseo University # 360 Seosan-siChungnam 356-706 Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State University Pullman Washington United States

The porous ceramics based on Al2O3-TiO2/ZrO2-SiO2 from particle-stabilized wet foam by direct foaming were *** initial Al2O3-TiO2 suspension was prepared by adding TiO2 suspension to partially hydrophobized colloidal Al2O3 suspension with equimolar amount,to form Al2TiO5 on *** secondary ZrO2-SiO2 suspension was prepared using the equimolar composition,and to obtain ZrSiO4,ZrTiO4,and mullite phases in the sintered samples,the secondary suspension was blended into the initial suspension at 0,10,20,30,and 50 vol％.The wet foam exhibited an air content up to 87％,Laplace pressure from 1.38 to 2.23 mPa,and higher adsorption free energy at the interface of approximately 5.8×108 to 7.5×108J resulting an outstanding foam stability of 87％.The final suspension was foamed,and the wet foam was sintered from 1400 to 1600 ℃ for 1 *** porous ceramics with pore size from 150 to 400 μm on average were *** phase identification was accomplished using X-ray diffraction (XRD),differential thermal analysis (DTA),and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),and microstructural analysis was performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

关键词： Al2TiO5 direct foaming Laplace pressure adsorption free energy porous ceramics

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CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors in gastric cancer: From basic findings towards therapeutic targeting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1681-1693页

作者： Hyo jin Lee ik-Chan Song Hwan-Jung Yun Deog-Yeon Jo Samyong Kim Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine Chungnam National University and Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 301-721South Korea Cancer Research Institute Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 301-721South Korea Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of Internal MedicineChungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 301-721South Korea

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer,and the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths *** extensive research to identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents,patients with advanced gastric cancer suffer from a poor quality of life and poor prognosis,and treatment is dependent mainly on conventional cytotoxic *** improve the quality of life and survival of gastric cancer patients,a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathologies,and their application towards the development of novel targeted therapies,is urgently *** are a group of small proteins associated with cytoskeletal rearrangements,the directional migration of several cell types during development and physiology,and the host immune response via interactions with G-protein coupled *** is also growing evidence to suggest that chemokines not only play a role in the immune system,but are also involved in the development and progression of *** gastric cancer,CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors regulate the trafficking of cells in and out of the tumor *** chemokines and their receptors can also directly influence tumorigenesis by modulating tumor transformation,survival,growth,invasion and metastasis,as well as indirectly by regulating angiogenesis,and tumor-leukocyte *** this review,we will focus on the roles of CXC chemokines and their receptors in the development,progression,and metastasis of gastric tumors,and discuss their therapeutic potential for gastric cancer.

关键词： Chemokine Chemokine receptor Gastric neoplasm Therapeutic target

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Continuum understanding of twin formation near grain boundaries of FCC metals with low stacking fault energy

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 275-283页

作者： Jaimyun Jung Jae ik Yoon Jung Gi Kim Marat I.Latypov jin You Kim Hyoung Seop Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea GT-CNRS UMI 2958 Georgia TechLorraine 57070 MetzFrance Pohang Research Laboratory Steel Products Research Group 1POSCOPohang 790-785Republic of Korea Center for High Entropy Alloys Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Deformation twinning from grain boundaries is often observed in face-centered cubic metals with low stacking fault *** of the possible factors that contribute to twinning origination from grain boundaries is the intergranular interactions during ***,the influence of mechanical interaction among grains on twin evolution has not been fully *** spite of extensive experimental and modeling efforts on correlating microstructural features with their twinning behavior,a clear relation among the large aggregate of grains is still *** this work,we characterize the micromechanics of grain-to-grain interactions that contribute to twin evolution by investigating the mechanical twins near grain boundaries using a full-field crystal plasticity simulation of a twinning-induced plasticity steel deformed in uniaxial tension at room *** are first observed through electron backscatter diffraction technique to obtain data to reconstruct a statistically equivalent microstructure through synthetic microstructure ***-to-grain micromechanical response is analyzed to assess the collective twinning behavior of the microstructural volume element under tensile *** of the simulated results reveal that grain interactions are capable of changing the local mechanical behavior near grain boundaries by transferring strain across grain boundary or localizing strain near grain boundary.

关键词： grain microstructure steel

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Low-intensity treadmill exercise and/or bright light promote neurogenesis in adult rat brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第10期8卷 922-929页

作者： Sung jin kwon Jeongsook Park So Yun Park Kwang Seop Song Sun Tae Jung So Bong Jung ik Ryeul Park Wan Sung Choi Sun Ok kwon Department of Physical Education Gyeongsang National University Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Medical Research Center for Neural DysfunctionInstitute of Health ScienceSchool of MedicineGyeongsang National University Department of Liberal Arts Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology

The hippocampus is a brain region responsible for learning and memory functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity exercise and bright light exposure on neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in adult rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, exercise, light, or exercise ＋ light groups （n = 9 per group）. The rats in the exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise （5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, over a 4-week period）, the light group rats were irradiated （5 days per week, 30 minutes per day, 10 000 Ix, over a 4-week period）, the exercise ＋ light group rats were subjected to treadmill exercise in combination with bright light exposure, and the control group rats remained sedentary over a 4-week period. Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats in the exercise, light, and exercise ＋ light groups. Moreover, the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus was significantly higher in the exercise group and light group than that in the control group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression between the control group and exercise ＋ light group. These results indicate that low-intensity treadmill exercise （first 5 minutes at a speed of 2 m/min, second 5 minutes at a speed of 5 m/min, and the last 20 minutes at a speed of 8 m/min） or bright-light exposure therapy induces positive biochemical changes in the brain. In view of these findings, we propose that moderate exercise or exposure to sunlight during childhood can be beneficial for neural development.

关键词： neural regeneration neurogenesis neurorehabilitation exercise bright light brain-derivedneurotrophic factor hippocampus childhood grants-supported paper neuroregeneration

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