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The Prevalence of Stroke Survivors in Urban Slums in Enugu, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2019年第6期9卷 51-67页

作者： Oluchi Stella Ekenze Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus Adikaibe Onodugo Obinna Chime Peter Orjioke Casmir Onodugo Pauline Nkiruka Mbadiwe Nkeiruka Onyekonwu Chinwe Ijoma Nkemdilim Uchenna Okoye Julius Uwabunkeonye Obumneme-Anyim ijeoma Nnenne Ekochin Fintan Ernest Okwundu Nwazor Emmanuel Uzodimma Iwuozo Department of Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu Nigeria Department of Medicine Federal Medical Center Owerri Nigeria Federal Medical Center Makurdi Nigeria

Background: Stroke is one of the commonest non-communicable diseases and the commonest cause of death in adult neurology wards. Stroke preva-lence in sub Saharan Africa has dramatically increased over the past decades possibly due to changing life styles, poverty, poor health infrastructures which had led to increased risk factors for stroke. Poor nutrition and lack of access to standard medical care, predispose to high rates of stroke morbidity and mor-tality hence possible low prevalence. Little is known about the prevalence of stroke in people with low socio-economic status in Nigeria. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in south east Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in two slums in Enugu, South East Nige-ria. Participants were screened using a stroke specific questionnaire and further examined by two independent neurologists for evidence of focal neurological deficits. Analysis was done by SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 1440 par-ticipants were surveyed in the study;769 (53.4) females and 671 (46.6%) males. About 22.3% (321) screened positive for various neurological diseases out of which 17 (5.3%) had evidence for stroke giving an overall prevalence of 1.2% (males 9 (1.3%) vs females 8 (1%) p = 0.6). The mean age of stroke sur-vivors was 60.1 years, similar in males and females (p = 0.6). The odds ratio for stroke from 40 years showed progress increment doubling between 60 and 70 years and tripled between 40 and 70 years. Age, lower level of education, positive history of hypertension, sickle cell disease, leg swelling and use of snuff positively are correlated with clinical diagnosis of stroke. Conclusion: The prevalence of stroke in two urban slums in Enugu metropolis was 12/1000. Hypertension, diabetes, use of snuff, and low levels of education were signifi-cant risk factors for stroke. Public health educational measures, promoti

关键词： Stroke Prevalence Nigeria

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2016年第B9期1卷 379-389页

作者： Danny J.Eapen William M.Schultz Robert E.Heinl Nima Ghasemzadeh Tina Varghese Diana E.Kurian Christina E.Mathai Pratik Sandesara Bryan R.Kindya Marc P.Allard-Ratick Neal K.Bhatia ijeoma Isiadinso Laurence Sperling Department of Medicine Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Pharmacy Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTXUSA Department of Medicine University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of death *** article focuses on current guidelines for the primary prevention of CVD and addresses management of key risk *** modifi cation,weight loss,exercise,and tobacco use cessation are specifi c areas where focused efforts can successfully reduce CVD risk on both an individual and a societal *** c areas requiring management include dyslipidemia,hypertension,physical activity,diabetes,aspirin use,and alcohol *** preventive efforts have major public health *** the global population continues to grow,health care expenditures will also rise,with the potential to eventually overwhelm the health care *** it is imperative to apply our collective efforts on CVD prevention to improve the cardiovascular health of individuals,communities,and nations.

关键词： cardiovascular disease primary prevention tobacco diabetes dyslipidemia aspirin alcohol exercise

Baseline Laboratory Profile of HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jos North Central Nigeria: Implications for Pre-vention, Treatment, Care and Support

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第4期5卷 328-334页

作者： Christian Ogoegbunem Isichei Mercy Wakili Isichei Jean Emile Njab Johnson Ibidun Rotimi Tinuade Abimbola Oyebode Charles Ujunwa Anyaka Kenneth Emeka Enwerem Ayuba Ishiaku Affi Lucius Chidiebere Imoh Alexander Ogielu Abu Solomon Abiola Asorose Noel Omuya Amadu Propser Ihenacho Okonkwo Ngozi ijeoma Okoro Department of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Faith Alive Foundation Jos Nigeria Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Bingham University Jos Campus Jos Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Abuja Nigeria

Background: We characterized baseline laboratory data of patients to identify priority treatment areas, most affected populations, anticipated clinical complications and assessed the potential burden of retention in care in Jos, Plateau State—North Central Nigeria. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design from January 2004 to December 2005 at Faith Alive Foundation (FAF). All participants were HIV-positive and underwent pre-antiretroviral therapy counseling based on the national antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines and baseline laboratory testing. Data were captured on Microsoft Excel, validated on Epi Info and analyzed on SPSS version 21 at P < .05 level of significance. Results: Total of 1499 (463 men and 1036 women) participants were evaluated in this study. The age and sex related distribution of participants showed that majority (80.3% for males and 92.5% for females) were 16 - 45 years old. Amylase and creatinine were significantly higher in males than females (P = .02). Anaemia was the most common baseline abnormality (63% for females and 58% for males), while baseline CD4 count was significantly lower in males than females (P < .02) and at one-third had elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Conclusion: The baseline laboratory profile of most HIV positive patients in Jos and environs of North Central–Nigeria was characterized by anaemia, elevated creatinine, and abnormal liver transaminase levels (AST and ALT). This pre-ART laboratory result suggests that HIV-positive individuals have multiple clinical abnormalities which may require more extensive care than just treating the HIV disease.

关键词： Baseline Laboratory Profile HIV-Positive Patients PEPFAR HTC Nigeria

Antiviral effects of a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate, on Avian Influenza Virus

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Health 2012年第7期4卷 429-432页

作者： Maduike C. O. Ezeibe Antony N. Egbuji Obianuju N. Okoroafor James I. Eze Omadi Ijabo Augustine A. Ngene Ikechukwu C. Eze Joseph A. C. Ugonabo Mary E. Sanda ijeoma J. Mbuko Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Viral Research Laboratory National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Nigeria

Effects a synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate [AMS] has on Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) were tested. Equal amounts of AIV samples and of the AMS were mixed, kept one hour at room temperature before centrifuging. The supernatants were remeasured and tested for, viral titre, Mean Death Time (MDT) and Mortality Rate of chicken Embryos (EMR). Volumes of the viral samples reduced at rate of 23.4% ± 5.48%. Viral titres reduced significantly (P < 0.01) from HA, 73 ± 32.72 to 1.4 ± 0.43. Also, EMR of infected chicken embryos reduced from 100% to 65%, while MDT of those that died,increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 76 ± 4.38 to 136 ±18.93 hours. When incubation with AMS was repeated on portions of an AIV sample, MDT increased from 64 to 104 hours with the portion incubated once. AIV portions on which incubation with AMS was repeated could not kill chicken embryos.

关键词： Antiviral Synthetic Aluminium-Magnesium Silicate Avian Influenza Virus

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微胶囊饲料一些理化指标的测定与评价

安徽农业科学 2018年第9期46卷 85-87,90页

作者：梁萍严美姣林建斌朱庆国邱曼丽 ijeoma CHRIS JUSTICE 福建省淡水水产研究所福建福州350002 福建农林大学动物科学学院福建福州350002

[目的]研究微胶囊饲料的理化性质。[方法]以大黄鱼仔稚鱼微胶囊饲料为研究对象,测定了微胶囊饲料的一些理化指标。[结果]1号饲料的平均粒径为(27.77±1.18)μm,颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,分布均匀;2号饲料的平均粒径为(34.73±1.76)μm,颗粒... 详细信息

[目的]研究微胶囊饲料的理化性质。[方法]以大黄鱼仔稚鱼微胶囊饲料为研究对象,测定了微胶囊饲料的一些理化指标。[结果]1号饲料的平均粒径为(27.77±1.18)μm,颗粒呈圆形或椭圆形,分布均匀;2号饲料的平均粒径为(34.73±1.76)μm,颗粒呈不规则形,大小分布不均匀。微胶囊饲料粒径在20~40μm;微胶囊饲料的悬浮率和溶解率均偏低。在海水中浸泡2 h后,微胶囊饲料1号浸泡液的pH为(6.800±0.056),氨氮浓度为(0.052±0.003)mg/L,亚硝酸盐浓度为(0.412±0.006)mg/L;微胶囊饲料2号浸泡液的pH为(6.683±0.031),氨氮浓度为(0.047±0.005)mg/L,亚硝酸盐浓度为(0.493±0.026)mg/L。微胶囊饲料对水体有一定的影响,浸泡液偏酸性,但对水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度的影响不大。[结论]试验所用微胶囊饲料基本满足大黄鱼苗开口时期的摄食要求,但其加工工艺有待进一步完善。

关键词：微胶囊饲料大黄鱼仔稚鱼理化指标粒径溶解性

Determination of Hemobiochemical Profiles of Apparently Healthy Exotic Breed of Dogs in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第6期11卷 226-245页

作者： Kenneth I. Ogbu Kingsley U. Ezema ijeoma C. Adieme Rhoda I. Malgwi Jibreel A. Sabo Philip N. Ayuba Philip N. Ayuba Samuel A. Nguety Simone T. Atuna Francis O. Emeribe Johnson J. Shallmizhili Boniface M. Anene Boniface M. Anene Department of Animal Health Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu state Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Maiduguri Borno State Nigeria Bacterial Research Division National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria Federal Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Abuja Nigeria Department of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State Nigeria Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State Nigeria Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Agriculture Makurdi Benue State Nigeria Unity Veterinary Services State Locust Jos Plateau State Nigeria

The hematological and serum biochemical profiles of apparently healthy exotic breed of dogs in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria was studied in this research. One hundred and seven exotic breed of dogs were examined from October - December, 2018. The results from physical, clinical examinations and parasitological examinations were used to determine apparently healthy exotic breed of dogs which were used in this study. The parameters measured were rectal temperature, parasitaemia, hematology which included red blood cells count, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and hemoglobin content;total white blood cell count, including eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts, and platelets;serum biochemical parameters also included Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol and triglyceride, using standard methods. Data generated from the study were statistically analyzed using students t-test one-way analysis of variance while the level of significance was measured at p < 0.05. From this study, hematological and serum biochemical values were comparable to and not different from those reported for dogs in available literature, but the upper and lower reference limits (minimum and maximum values) were different for most parameters. Sex-related significant difference (p < 0.05) occurred only in WBC and total protein while age-related significant difference occurred only in total protein and urea level. Breed affected the MCHC and total bilirubin level which was evident in higher MCHC level in Neapolitan m

关键词： Hematology Serum Biochemical Profiles Apparently Healthy Exotic Breed Dogs Jos Plateau State

Up-regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain of albino wistar rats following sub-acute administration of Synclisia scabrida root extract

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TMR Integrative Medicine 2022年第30期6卷 1-7页

作者： Emmanuel Uchechukwu Modo ijeoma Nina Eke Utibe Evans Bassey Anthony Chibuzor Nnamudi Ekam Ime Akpakpan Okon Effiom Etim Iheanyichukwu Wopara Prosper Great Legborsi Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesPAMO University of Medical SciencesPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Port HarcourtPort HarcourtRivers StateNigeria

Objective: Synclisia scabrida is a medicinal plant used over the years for the treatment ofseveral medical conditions yet there is paucity of information on its systemic and organspecific toxicity. Consequently, sub-acute neurotoxicity of root extract of Synclisia scabridawas evaluated in albino Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty male albino rats with average weightof 140g were randomized into 5 groups consisting of 6 rats in each group. Group 1 was thecontrol while 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the root extract wereadministered to Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively for 28 days. Malondialdehyde,glutathione, nitric oxide, protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, acetylcholine, catalase andacetylcholinesterase levels were measured in brain homogenates. Body weight of theanimals and histology of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were evaluated. Results:Root extract of Synclisia scabrida was observed to increase malondialdehyde concentrationand decrease antioxidants biomarkers when compared with the control. Significantly(p<0.05) increased TNF-α concentration and acetylcholinesterase activity caused by theextract when compared with the control was observed. The concentration of acetylcholinesignificantly decreased in Synclisia scabrida treated groups in comparison with the *** histomorphology of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex revealed pyknotic pyramidalneurons in Synclisia scabrida treated rat relative to the control with normal pyramidalneurons. The body weight of the extract treated groups were significantly decreased whencompared to the control Group. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that the rootextract of Synclisia scabrida induces and up-regulates oxidative stress and inflammation inthe brain of male albino Wistar rat coupled with reduced acetylcholine concentration hencethe extract possesses neurotoxic potentials.

关键词： Synclisia scabrida oxidative stress antioxidant inflammation neurotoxicity

Comprehensive Physicochemical Profiling and Characterization of Neem Plant Leaf Extracts: Insights for Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Applications

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Challenges and Adherence to Standard Precautions for Prevention of Percutaneous Injuries and Exposure to Blood Borne Pathogens in Clinical Practice: A Review

Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science（化学工程与科学期刊） 2023年第4期

作者： Martin Nduka Nwanekezie Julius Nnamdi Ndive ijeoma Love Ogbonna Godspower O. Sebe

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