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Evaluating the Impact of Different Tillage Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 789-797页

作者： Muhammad Naeem Shahid M. Shahid Ibni Zamir ihtisham-Ul Haq M. Kamran Khan Mazhar Hussain Usman Afzal M. Asim ihtisham ali Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

A field study to evaluate the impact of different tillage regimes and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.), was conducted during autumn 2014 at Students Farm, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design), with split plot arrangement having three replications. The experiment was comprised of three tillage regimes (Minimum, Conventional and Deep) and three nitrogen levels viz: 100, 200 and 300 kg•ha-1. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen, sulphate of potash as a source of potassium and triple super phosphate as a source of phosphorous. The amount of phosphorous and potash was constant in all the treatments i.e. 125 kg•ha-1 and 100 kg•ha-1 respectively. Results of present study are summarized as yield parameters are significantly affected by different nitrogen levels and tillage regimes. Maximum number of plants at harvest (7.93), number of grain rows per cob (17.70), number of grains per row (34.31), number of grains per cob (678.58), and cob weight (187.50 g) were observed in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. 1000-grain weight (275.52 g), biological yield (15.66 t•ha-1), grain yield (6.16 t•ha-1) and dried stalk yield (9.91 t•ha-1) were observed maximum in deep tillage at 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application. Harvest index significantly affected by tillage regimes and maximum harvest index (39.58%) were recorded in deep tillage which was statistically at par with conventional tillage (38.83%). It was concluded that higher grain yield of maize can be obtained by deep tillage with the application of 200 kg•ha-1 nitrogen application under the prevailing conditions of Faisalabad.

关键词： Tillage Regimes Nitrogen Levels Deep Tillage Biological Yield Harvest Index

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Yield and Quality of Forage Oat (Avena sativaL.) Cultivars as Affected by Seed Inoculation with Nitrogenous Strains

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第19期6卷 3251-3259页

作者： Muhammad Saleem M. Shahid Ibni Zamir ihtishamul Haq M. Zahid Irshad M. Kamran Khan M. Asim Qamaruz Zaman ihtisham ali Aman Khan Saeedur Rehman Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Nitrogen availability can be enhanced with the application of nitrogen fixing bacteria and it may be helpful in increasing forage yield and improving quality of oat. Therefore, a field trial to evaluate the effect of seed inoculation with nitrogen fixing bacteria on forage yield and quality of oat was carried out at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season 2013-14. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with factorial arrangements using three replications. The experiment was comprised of two integrated approaches. The first approach was oat cultivars consisting of four treatments, V1 (AVON), V2 (S-2000), V3 (S-2011) and V4 (PD2LV65) and the second approach was seed inoculation consisting of three treatments, S0 (control), S1 (Azotobacter spp.), S2 (Azospirillum spp.). Fisher’s analysis of variance technique was used for statistically interpretation of data by using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. Nitrogen fixing bacteria significantly affect the germination count (m2), plant height (cm), number of tillers (m2), number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller (cm2), green forage yield (t·ha-1) and dry matter yield (t ha-1). The maximum green forage yield (85.2 t·ha-1), dry matter yield (14.1 t ·ha-1) and crude protein (11.5%) were recorded where Azotobacter inoculation was applied. The interaction between cultivars and nitrogenous strains was significant for green forage yield (t·ha-1), dry matter yield (t·ha-1) and crude protein (%). Conclusion showed that cultivar Sargodha-2011 which was inoculated with Azotobacter spp. gave higher forage yield of good quality.

关键词： Oat Cultivars Nitrogenous Strains Quality and Forage Yield

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Quantitative Behaviour of Guar (Cymopsis tetragnolobus L.) to Various Tillage Systems and Mulches and Soil Physical Properties

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1040-1045页

作者： M. ShahidIbni Zamir Muhammad Aamir Khan Mazhar Hussain ihtishamul Haq M. Kamran Khan Qamaruz Zaman Usman Afzal Naveed Islam M. Asim ihtisham ali Husnain Khan Khalid Iqbal Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faislalabad Pakistan

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic mulches and tillage practices on growth, yield of cluster bean and soil physical properties. Experiment was comprised of two factors: A (Tillage), B (Mulches). Factor A was assigned to main plot and consisted of two treatments (Minimum tillage and Conventional tillage). Factor B was assigned to sub plot and consisted of four treatments (no mulch, wheat straw mulch, grass clipping mulch and saw dust mulch). The mulching materials were partially incorporated in the field after germination of crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications. Control treatment was kept for comparison. All other agronomic practices were kept standardized and consistent for all the treatments. Data regarding growth and yield components were collected and analyzed statistically by fisher analysis of variance and treatment significance was measured by significant difference test at 5% probability level. The factors, tillage and mulches significantly affected growth, yield, yield parameters and soil physical properties. Maximum plant population (31.7 m2), plant height (159 cm), branches per plant (18.9), cluster per plant (15.88), grains per pod (7.3), 1000-grain weight (34.6 g), grain yield (1.9 t•ha-1), biological yield (9.91 t•ha-1) and harvest index (19.15) was recorded in conventional tillage comparative to minimum tillage. Mulches also affected grain yield, and maximum grain yield was recorded in wheat straw mulch (1.88 t•ha-1) followed by grass clipping mulch (1.81 t•ha-1) and saw dust mulch (1.76 t•ha-1) while minimum grain yield was recorded in control without mulch application (1.67 t•ha-1). Tillage and mulches interactively affect pH, soil organic matter contents, electrical conductivity and soil bulk density. Mulches and minimum till

关键词： Guar Mulch Tillage Soil Properties

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Fish as Bioindicator: Ecological Risk Assessment of Insecticide to Aquatic Organism Particularly Ctenopharyngodon idella

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第2期9卷 42-54页

作者： Naqash Khan Aamir Sultan Amir ali Sahibzada Muhammad Haseeb Jan Waqar Khan ihtisham Ur Rahman Hazrat Usman Suleman Zahid Khan Ahsan Khan Department of Zoology University of Swabi Anbar Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Repeatedly deposition of anthropogenic chemicals such as chlorpyrifos led to the risk of its associated unwanted toxicity to the non-targeted organisms. The present project was designed to assess the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, an organophosphorus insecticide, at different dose level and duration of exposure to elucidate its cellular and nuclear anomalies in erythrocytes and histopathological effect on brain and liver tissues of the fresh water fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The chlorpyrifos was used at 0.01 and 0.015 μL/L for a duration of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days respectively. Alteration in functional markers such as cellular anomalies associated with exposed dosage was reported as swollen cells, swollen or enlarged cells, and hemolyzed cells followed by nuclear abnormalities stated as micronucleus, deformed nucleus and nuclear shift. The result indicated alterations observed in brain and liver tissues were categorized as necrosis, vacuolization, degeneration of neurons and hepatic necrosis, hepatolysis and hepatic vacuolization that were further scored on the basis of severity from 0 (normal) to 3 (severe). These effects significantly increased with the increase in dose level of chlorpyrifos and duration of exposure (p < 0.05). The present findings contributed that extended exposure of such chemicals to the aquatic ecosystems led to behavioral and histopathological alterations that may result in loss of normal functioning of the organs.

关键词： Histopathological Toxicological Cellular Abnormalities Nuclear Abnormalities Organophosphorus Chlorpyrifos

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Environmental Risk of Atrazine (Herbicide) to Brain, Gills and Liver Tissues of Fish Ctenopharyngodon idella(Valenciennes, 1844)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第2期9卷 1-16页

作者： Waqar Ahmad Aamir Sultan Sahibzada Muhammad Haseeb Jan Aamir ali ihtisham Ur Rahman Hazrat Usman Ahmad Sher Naqash Khan Suleman Zahid Khan Ahsan Khan Department of Zoology University of Swabi Anbar Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

The current study investigates the toxic effects of acute dose of an endocrine disruptor atrazine on Grass carp (Ctenepharyngodon idella) using histopathological changes as biomarkers. Histopathology is promising field for research in aquatic toxicology, in this manner vital organs;brain, gills, and liver tissues were inspected histological after exposing to sublethal groupings of atrazine 0.025 and 0.03 μl/L for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days individually with equal untreated control group. Against various doses, rapid movements, gulping of air and jumping of fish to scat from toxic medium were noticed. Various severe (+++) morphological modifications in tissue were documented in comparison with control group comprised of degenerated neurons, vacuolization, inflammatory cells infiltration and neural necrosis in brain tissue. The most well-known gills tissue alteration at all concentrations of atrazine was epithelial hyperplasia, desquamation, epithelial lifting and smaller aneurism while hepatic injuries were described by overcast expanding of hepatocytes esteemed as cloudy swelling of hepatocytes followed by karyolysis, karyohexis and dilation of sinusoids which shows that atrazine introduction upgraded the toxicosis impacts with the increase concentration, influenced the strength of the fish, inferable from histological inconsistencies.

关键词： Histopathological Toxicological Brain Gills Liver

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TOL6BL突变导致减数分裂程序性DNA双链断裂无法产生和人类不孕

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Science Bulletin 2020年第24期65卷 2120-2129,M0006页

作者：焦玉莹樊岁兴 Nazish Jabeen 张欢 Ranjha Khan Ghulam Murtaza 蒋涵玮 Asim ali 李阳鲍坚强张贝贝徐建泽许波 Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain Qumar Zaman Ihsan Khan ihtisham Bukhari Furhan Iqbal Ayesha Yousaf Sobia Dil Manan Khan Niaz Ahmad 马慧江小华张远伟史庆华 First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscalethe CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic DiseaseSchool of Basic Medical SciencesDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceCollaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and DevelopmentUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Zoology DivisionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan Shahbaz Sharif District Hospital Multan 60800Pakistan

我们找到一个近亲婚配后代不育家系,该家系有3位非梗阻性无精子症患者和1位原因不明的女性不孕患者.全外显子组测序结合Sanger测序分析发现TOP6BL的c.483dup T突变在该家系中与不孕呈隐性共分离.正常的TOP6BL可与SPO11β结合进而导致减... 详细信息

我们找到一个近亲婚配后代不育家系,该家系有3位非梗阻性无精子症患者和1位原因不明的女性不孕患者.全外显子组测序结合Sanger测序分析发现TOP6BL的c.483dup T突变在该家系中与不孕呈隐性共分离.正常的TOP6BL可与SPO11β结合进而导致减数分裂程序性DNA双链断裂(DSBs)产生,而该突变破坏了二者的结合.对家系中一位男患者的精母细胞进行分析,发现其同源染色体联会异常,减数分裂不能到达粗线期,且染色体轴上缺少减数分裂重组蛋白RPA和DMC1信号,表明其减数分裂程序性DSBs未能产生.我们制备了携带类似患者突变的小鼠,发现突变雄鼠具有与男患者相同的减数分裂异常,突变雌鼠不孕,其卵母细胞中程序性DSBs和减数分裂重组也不能发生,卵母细胞不能成熟.这些发现表明TOP6BL突变可导致人类不孕,为相关不孕不育患者的病因诊断和人工辅助生殖胚胎的遗传检查提供了分子标靶.

关键词：全外显子组测序非梗阻性无精子症病因诊断近亲婚配染色体联会 DNA双链断裂减数分裂异常精母细胞

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