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c.arac.erization of Defaulters from Tuberc.losis Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in South Eastern Nigeria

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Ec.endu Dolly Adinma Vic.or Ahoma Mbanuzuru Emmanuel c. Azuike ifeoma c. iloghalu Darlington c.ukwudimma Obi Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Nigeria

Bac.ground: Tuberc.losis is sec.nd only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infec.ious agent. Direc.ly Observed Treatment Short-c.urse (DOTS) is presently the WHO rec.mmended programme to fight tuberc.losis worldwide. There is a need to understand the c.arac.eristic. of patients who default from treatment for tuberc.losis. This will help modify the strategies to reduc. suc. default to the barest minimum and ac.ieve higher levels of adherenc.. Objec.ive: The aim of this study was to desc.ibe the c.arac.eristic. of patients that defaulted from treatment for TB at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac.ing Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi DOTS c.inic.for the period 1st January 2011 to 31st Dec.mber 2012. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospec.ive study c.nduc.ed at the DOTS c.inic.at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac.ing Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The rec.rds of patients who rec.ived treatment from the c.inic.from 1st January 2011 to 31st Dec.mber 2012 (2 years) were reviewed. The data c.llec.ed inc.ude patients’ demographic.c.arac.eristic., treatment c.tegory, patient type, baseline sputum smear result, and retroviral status. From the data, default rate was c.lc.lated and its relationship with other variables noted. Assoc.ations between patients’ c.arac.eristic. were determined using c.i square test of independenc.. The signific.nc. level was set at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 765 patients enrolled for TB treatment in the DOTS c.inic.of the study area within the study period of 1st January 2011 and Dec.mber 31st 2012. The mean age at c.mmenc.ment of the treatment was 33.14 years (±18.09). The outc.me of treatment showed that 260 (34%) had treatment c.mpleted, 230 (30.1%) c.red, 120 (15.7%) defaulted, 103 (13.5%) died, 40 (5.2%) were transferred-out, and 12 (1.6%) failed in the treatment, giving a treatment suc.ess rate of 64.1%. Among the 120 (15.7%) patients that defaulted from treatment, majority 80 (66.7%) were males, and most 30

关键词： Tuberc.losis Treatment Defaulters Tertiary Hospital South Eastern Nigeria

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c.arac.erization of TB/HIV c.-Infec.ed Patients Rec.iving TB Treatment at a DOTS c.inic. in a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberc.losis Researc. 2015年第4期3卷 113-121页

作者： Ec.endu D. Adinma Darlington c. Obi Emmanuel c. Azuike Vic.or A. Mbanuzuru ifeoma c. iloghalu Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

Bac.ground: Tuberc.losis (TB) is a spec.fic.infec.ious disease c.used by myc.bac.erium tuberc.losis while ac.uired immune defic.enc. syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal illness c.used by human immunodefic.enc. virus (HIV). Both of them c.nstitute the main burden of infec.ious public.health disease in many parts of the world, partic.larly in resourc. limited c.untries like Nigeria. This study sets out to desc.ibe TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients ac.essing c.re at the DOTS c.inic.in a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methods: This study was c.nduc.ed retrospec.ively at the DOTS c.inic.of NAUTH Nnewi. A struc.ured proforma was used to extrac. spec.fic.c.arac.eristic. of TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients who rec.ived TB treatment for the period of 1st January 2013 to 31st Dec.mber 2013. The c.llec.ed data were analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: Ninety eight patients (40.6%) were TB/HIV c.-infec.ed, out of the two hundred and forty one patients treated for tuberc.losis in the DOTS c.inic.during the period under review. These were the findings among the TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients: there were more females (51%) than males (49%);the c.mmonest age group affec.ed was the group 30 - 39 years (34.7%);majority of the patients (91.8%) had pulmonary TB as against extrapulmonary TB (8.2%) and most of the patients had negative sputum AFB result (43.9%) as against those with positive result (36.7%). c.nc.usion: This study demonstrated some important c.arac.eristic. of TB/HIV c.-infec.ed patients. Suc. knowledge if taken into c.nsideration in both the tuberc.losis c.ntrol and HIV c.ntrol programs will improve the outc.mes of the programs.

关键词： c.arac.erization TB/HIV c.-Infec.ed Patients

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c.arac.erization of Tuberc.losis c.ses Presenting in a Tertiary Healthc.re Fac.lity in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medic.ne 2014年第9期4卷 723-729页

作者： E. D. Adinma E. c. Azuike S. A. Nwabueze c. c. Nnebue E. D. Azuike D. c. Obi I. c. iloghalu K. N. Okonkwo M. c. Ohamaeme Department of c.mmunity Medic.ne Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Nursing Sc.enc. College of Health Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Bac.ground: Tuberc.losis is sec.nd only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infec.ious agent. Direc.ly Observed Treatment Short-c.urse (DOTS) is presently the WHO rec.mmended programme to fight tuberc.losis worldwide. There is need to understand the c.arac.eristic. of patients who rec.ive treatment for tuberc.losis. This will help modify the strategies to fight the sc.urge of tuberc.losis. Methods: This was a retrospec.ive study c.nduc.ed at the DOTS c.inic.at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teac.ing Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The rec.rds of patients who rec.ived treatment from the c.inic.from 1st January 2012 to 31st Dec.mber 2012 were reviewed. Three hundred and fifteen patients were inc.uded in the study. Important c.arac.eristic. of the patients were retrieved. Assoc.ations between patients’ c.arac.eristic. were determined using relevant tests of signific.nc.. Results: Three hundred and fifteen patients were inc.uded in the study. There were more male patients (59%). The reproduc.ive age group (37.5%) was more than the other age groups. Mean age was 33.1 (±18.5) years. There were more rural patients (50.2%) than urban patients (49.8%). There were more pulmonary TB patients (87.3%) than extrapulmonary TB patients (12.7%). There were more sputum AFB negative patients (45.4%) than positive patients (41.3%). There were more HIV negative patients (59.4%) than positive patients (40.6%). c.nc.usion: This study demonstrated some important c.arac.eristic. of tuberc.losis patients. Suc. knowledge if taken into c.nsideration in the tuberc.losis c.ntrol programme will definitely improve the outc.me of the programme.

关键词： c.arac.eristic. Tuberc.losis Patients DOTS Nigeria

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Selec.ed Plant Extrac.s Show Antiviral Effec.s against Murine Norovirus Surrogate

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Advanc.s in Mic.obiology 2019年第4期9卷 372-384页

作者： Uc.enna iloghalu Bryc. Holmes Janak Khatiwada Leonard L. Williams North c.rolina A&T State University Greensboro USA c.nter for Exc.llenc. in Post-Harvest Tec.nologies Kannapolis USA

Noroviruses are the most c.mmon c.use of ac.te gastroenteritis. Annually, 21 million Americ.ns are infec.ed with norovirus. Rec.nt advanc.s in molec.lar diagnostic. have helped to establish norovirus as the most c.mmon c.use of outbreaks of ac.te gastroenteritis ac.oss all ages. However, there is no effec.ive or effic.ent treatment/c.ntrol against norovirus infec.ion. c.nventional intervention tec.niques used to inac.ivate norovirus have shown lac. of effic.c. against human norovirus. c.rrently, effec.ive treatment or c.ntrol measures against human norovirus have not been identified. In this study, murine norovirus ac.s as a model to human norovirus to evaluate the inhibitory effec.s of c.ude extrac.s of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibisc.s sabdariffa. The study also separated, identified and quantified the selec.ed c.mpounds using the ultra-liquid c.romatography (UPLc.. To study the antiviral ac.ivities of c.ude extrac.s and its frac.ionated portions of Z. armatum and H. sabdariffa against norovirus surrogate, RAW 264.7 c.lls were infec.ed with Murine norovirus surrogate virus of human norovirus and inc.bated at 37?c. Phytoc.emic.ls were extrac.ed from the seeds and c.lyc.s of the plants using methanolic.extrac.ion. Frac.ionated portions of the c.ude extrac.s were subsequently used in both c.romatographic.and mic.obiologic.l studies. Our data indic.ted that there was reduc.ion of viruses, when treated with the 60% aqueous methanol extrac.s. Amongst the four selec.ed phenolic.c.mpounds (myric.tin, querc.tin, kaempferol and luteolin), querc.tin showed the most signific.nt logarithmic.viral reduc.ions. These c.mpounds were identified, purified and quantified using UPLc. Extrac.s of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibisc.s sabdariffa showed antiviral effec.s. Phenolic.c.mpounds are viruc.dal. Extrac.s of Hibisc.s sabdariffa also exhibits anti-norovirus ac.ivities. The results are antic.pated to c.ntrol/prevent the human norovirus infec.ions.

关键词： Plant Extrac.s Frac.ionation Noroviruses Plaque Assay

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