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Comparative Efficacy of Lifestyle Modifications versus Pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 17-29页

作者： Abiodun Omolara Aboaba Miracle Chinonso Okoro Okelue Edwards Okobi ifeoluwa mary falade Omosefe Enibokun Ogbeifun Shalom Katas Kingsley Agbodike Uvieroghene Peter Ogbebor Moriamo Adedoyin Fashugba School of Medicine Avalon University Willemstad Curaao College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Larkin Community Hospital Palm Spring Campus Miami FL USA Department of Medicine Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Rainhill UK Department of Family Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA College of Medicine International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis Department of Internal Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Madonna University Elele Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine University of Science Arts and Technology Olveston Montserrat

Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed

关键词： Obesity Overweight Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy Glucose Metabolism Disorders

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