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Assessment of sanitary conditions of unregistered pig slaughter slabs and post mortem examination of pigs for Taenia solium metacestodes in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 424-429,423页

作者： Agnes u edia-Asuke Helen I Inabo Veronica J umoh Clement MZ Whong sunday Asuke Richard e edeh Department of Microbiology Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaKadunaNigeria Biological Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusDurbanSouth Africa Department of Community Medicine Ahmadu Bello University Teaching HospitalShika ZariaKadunaNigeria Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaKadunaNigeria

Background:A number of studies document the prevalence of Taenia solium infections in Nigeria,yet these studies do not cover porcine cysticercosis in private home slaughter slabs where there is no routine meat inspection and backyard pig keeping,slaughtering and sale are common ***:An environmental and sanitary assessment was conducted within two unregistered home pig slaughter slabs in selected parts of the Kaduna metropolis in *** premises were inspected for availability of basic facilities and questionnaires were used to elicit necessary informative *** were examined for taeniasis by stool microscopy and copro-antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(copro-Ag eLISA)to ascertain *** slaughtered at the premises were examined for ***:Home slaughter conditions were substandard,unhygienic and lacked the basic facilities of a proper *** of porcine cysticercosis was 9.3%.The butchers participating in the study had very poor knowledge of *** infections and 30%tested positive for taeniasis by copro-Ag eLISA at the time of the ***:Home slaughter of pigs in the areas studied should be considered and integrated as a component of prevention and control programmes-particularly through educational interventions-in order to equip individuals involved with a good understanding of the risks associated with animal husbandry and human practices.

关键词： Pig slaughter slabs Home slaughter Copro-Ag eLISA Taenia solium metacestodes Kaduna Nigeria

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Parametric database approach integration for handling temporal data in GIS

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第2期16卷 91-99页

作者： Sharma SuGAM Gadia SHASHI Tim uDOYARA sunday Department of Computer Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50010USA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50010USA

In large spatial,temporal,and spatio-temporal databases,the concept of dimensions–time and space–is central and their efficient processing has always been a great concern.A Geographic Information System(GIS)is widely known for its efficient and sophisticated handling of the spatial databases;however,integration of the time domain introduces additional *** research is ongoing in this *** numerous approaches have already been proposed in the literature to address the time-related challenges in GIS community,such as the development of temporal GIS data models,this study contributes to these ongoing efforts through extensions to the Parametric Data *** database approaches(Parametric Data Model)have been developed to handle dimensional data such as space,time,belief,*** this study,the time dimension is of specific interest and we propose the integration of parametric approaches to GIS to absorb the temporal *** temporal processing of the data is done using parametric approaches that address the limitation of GIS to support temporal queries and temporal analysis of *** the AutoConViz tool,developed for spatio-temporal data modeling and visualization,results can be directly integrated into standard GIS software programs such as ArcGIS and further processed seamlessly along with and in a similar manner to other attributes.

关键词： GML shapefile AutoConViz temporal spatial parametric data model GIS

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examination of emotional distress,depression,and anxiety in neurodiverse students:A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第11期14卷 1681-1695页

作者： Mkpoikanke sunday Otu Maximus Monaheng Sefotho Department of educational Psychology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006GautengSouth Africa

BACKGROuND Neurodiverse students frequently encounter distinct challenges that can adversely affect their mental *** research aimed to investigate emotional distress,depression,and anxiety among neurodiverse students,examine the interrelationships among these factors,and assess the impact of participant *** To address the problem of lack of data pointed out in the neurodiversity research in Nigeria,this study aims to examine the emotional distress,depression,and anxiety in neurodiverse *** A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 200 neurodiverse students in *** filled out self-report questionnaires that measured emotional distress(Brief emotional Distress Scale for Youth),depression(Center for epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised),and anxiety(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,correlation analyses,Bayesian Mann-Whitney u tests,two-way ANOVAs,and Kruskal-Wallis *** Anxiety was found to have the highest prevalence(mean=68.8),followed by depression(mean=34.2)and emotional distress(mean=26.3).Significant positive correlations were identified among all three mental health factors,with the strongest correlation observed between depression and anxiety(rho=0.492,Perate evidence indicated gender differences in emotional distress(BF10=2.448).The interaction between educational environment and diagnosis had a significant effect on emotional distress(F=3.106,P=0.017).Kruskal-Wallis tests indicated significant variations in anxiety levels across different educational settings(P=0.002),although post-hoc comparisons did not reveal significant differences among specific *** This research emphasizes the prevalence of mental health challenges among neurodiverse students,particularly concerning *** intricate relationships among emotional distress,depression,and anxiety highlight the necessity for thorough mental heal

关键词： Neurodiverse students emotional distress Depression Anxiety Nigeria Africa Mental health

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Modeling and Optimization of Galena Dissolution in Hydrochloric Acid: Comparison of Central Composite Design and Artificial Neural Network

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and engineering 2018年第3期6卷 294-315页

作者： Ikechukwu A. Nnanwube Okechukwu D. Onukwuli sunday u. Ajana Department of Chemical engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial neural network (ANN) were used for the simulation and optimization of galena dissolution in hydrochloric acid. The galena ore was characterized for structure elucidation using FTIR, SeM and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic techniques and the results indicate that the galena ore exists mainly as lead sulphide (PbS). A feed-forward neural network model with Leverberg-Marquardt back propagating training algorithm was used to predict the response (lead yield). The leaching temperature, acid concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring rate and leaching time were defined as input variables, while the percentage yield of lead was labelled as output variable. The multilayer perceptron with architecture of 5-9-1 provided the best performance. All the process variables were found to have significant impact on the response with p-values of 2 of 0.991 and 1.00, respectively. A non-dominated optimal response of 85.25% yield of lead at 343.96 K leaching temperature, 3.11 M hydrochloric acid concentration, 0.021 g/ml solid/liquid ratio, 362.27 rpm stirring speed and 87.37 min leaching time was established as a viable route for reduced material and operating cost using RSM.

关键词： Galena Dissolution Optimization ANN Modelling Hydrochloric Acid RSM

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Metasurface-based multi-harmonic freeelectron light source

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 428-439页

作者： Gilles Rosolen Liang Jie Wong Nicholas Rivera Bjorn Maes Marin Soljačić ido Kaminer Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA Micro-and Nanophotonic Materials Group University of MonsPlace du Parc 207000 MonsBelgium Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 2 Fusionopolis WayInnovisSingapore 138634Singapore Department of electrical engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel

Metasurfaces are subwavelength spatial variations in geometry and material where the structures are of negligible thickness compared to the wavelength of light and are optimized for far-field applications,such as controlling the wavefronts of electromagnetic ***,we investigate the potential of the metasurface near-field profile,generated by an incident few-cycle pulse laser,to facilitate the generation of high-frequency light from free *** particular,the metasurface near-field contains higher-order spatial harmonics that can be leveraged to generate multiple higher-harmonic X-ray frequency *** show that the X-ray spectral profile can be arbitrarily shaped by controlling the metasurface geometry,the electron energy,and the incidence angle of the laser *** ab initio simulations,we predict bright and monoenergetic X-rays,achieving energies of 30 keV(with harmonics spaced by 3 keV)from 5-MeV electrons using 3.4-eV plasmon polaritons on a metasurface with a period of 85 *** an example,we present the design of a four-color X-ray source,a potential candidate for tabletop multicolor hard X-ray *** developments could help pave the way for compact multi-harmonic sources of high-energy photons,which have potential applications in industry,medicine,and the fundamental sciences.

关键词： spectroscopy harmonic harmonics

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urinary Schistosomiasis Prevalence and Diagnostic Performance of Reagent Strip at Point-of-Care

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第4期11卷 239-251页

作者： Joseph O. sunday Opeyemi G. Oso Abdulkareem O. Babamale Samuel u. ugbomoiko Parasitology unit Department of Zoology Kwara State University Malete Nigeria Parasitology unit Department of Zoology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Parasitology unit Department of Zoology University of Ilorin Ilorin Nigeria

Due to limited resources and experience, rapid diagnostic techniques are advocated in nations with a resource shortage when diagnosing schistosomiasis. We used rapid diagnostic tests to access the prevalence and intensity of schistosome infection in North Central, Nigeria. A total of 1951 participants were recruited for this study. The participants were screened for S. haematobium infection;haematuria and proteinuria were monitored in the recruited patients with a commercial reagent strip. Of the 1951 participants recruited for the study, 587 were found to be infected. Children aged 0 to 10 years showed the highest levels of haematuria with (100%) specificity. Meanwhile, other age groups (11 - 20, 21 - 30, 31 - 40 and above 40 years) had rates higher than 90%. The degree of haematuria increased with egg intensity. The same was seen in proteinuria, with a percentage of 41.9%. A significant difference (p S. haematobium in rural endemic areas.

关键词： S. haematobium Haematuria Proteinuria Prevalence urine Analysis

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Mathematical modeling of malaria transmission dynamics in humans with mobility and control states

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1015-1031页

作者： Gbenga Adegbite sunday edeki Itunuoluwa Isewon Jerry emmanuel Titilope Dokunmu Solomon Rotimi Jelili Oyelade ezekiel Adebiyi Covenant university Bioinformatics Research Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria Department of Computer and Information Sciences Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria Department of Mathematics Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria Department of Biochemistry Covenant UniversityOtaNigeria Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of excellence Covenant UniversityOtaOgun StateNigeria Division of Applied Bioinformatics German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany

Malaria importation is one of the hypothetical drivers of malaria transmission dynamics across the *** studies on malaria importation focused on the effect of the use of conventional malaria control strategies as approved by the World Health Organization(WHO)on malaria transmission dynamics but did not capture the effect of the use of traditional malaria control strategies by vigilant *** order to handle the aforementioned situation,a novel system of Ordinary Differential equations(ODes)was developed comprising the human and the malaria vector *** of the system was carried out to assess its quantitative *** novel computational algorithm used to solve the developed system of ODes was implemented and benchmarked with the existing Runge-Kutta numerical solution ***,simulations of different vigilant conditions useful to control malaria were carried *** novel system of malaria models was well-posed and epidemiologically meaningful based on its quantitative *** novel algorithm performed relatively better in terms of model simulation accuracy than *** the best model-fit condition of 98%vigilance to the use of conventional and traditional malaria control strategies,this study revealed that malaria importation has a persistent impact on malaria transmission *** lieu of this,this study opined that total vigilance to the use of the WHO-approved and traditional malaria management tools would be the most effective control strategy against malaria importation.

关键词： Malaria importation Traditional malaria control Ordinary differential equation Quantitative properties Novel algorithm Runge-Kutta

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Production of Fermentable Sugars from Organosolv Pretreated Cassava Peels

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第2期5卷 117-122页

作者： Afolake Atinuke Olanbiwoninu sunday Ayodele Odunfa Department of Biological Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Cassava peels are rich in lignocellulolytic materials which are not readily amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis;hence, there is a need for a suitable pretreatment method that will support enzymatic hydrolysis. This study was designed to investigate lignocellulolytic organisms that would effectively support the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars. Decaying cassava peels were collected into sterile bottles and microorganisms isolated, characterized and screened for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. Optimum temperature, pH and nutrient sources for enzyme production were determined. Organosolv pretreatment was carried out using methanol with varied concentration of catalyst (0.01 - 3 M), reaction time (15 - 60 min) and substrate size. Crude enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) from the isolates were added to the pretreated peels and bioconversion was monitored by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar and calculating the percentage peel hydrolysis. The fermentable sugars produced were quantified using gas chromatography. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus terreus were isolated. P. fluorescens produces 2.8 u/mL of crude enzymes optimally at 50°C and pH 8 while A. terreus produces 3.4 u/mL optimally at 40°C, pH 6. Both isolates utilizes CarboxyMethylCellulose (CMC) and yeast extract as their best carbon and nitrogen sources. Highest percentage of peel hydrolysis was 67% for P. fluorescens at 0.01 M and 0.05 M for A. terreus (94%). Highest concentration of fermentable sugar was produced by A. terreus crude enzyme (331.79 mg/L glucose, 45.3 mg/L rhamnose and 46.52 mg/L xylose). P. fluorescens and A. terreus effectively supported the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars.

关键词： Cassava Peels Lignocellulose Bioconversion Organosolv Pretreatment Fermentable Sugars

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Indigenous Fruit Trees of Tropical Africa: Status, Opportunity for Development and Biodiversity Management

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 31-41页

作者： Rasheed Olufemi awodoyin Oluseun sunday Olubode Justin ugochukwu Ogbu Rasheed Babatunde Balogun Jonah u. Nwawuisi Kalu O. Orji Department of Crop Protection and environmental Biology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Horticulture and Landscape Technology Federal College of Agriculture (FCA) Ishiagu Nigeria Department of Pest Management Technology Federal College of Agriculture (FCA) Ishiagu Nigeria Department of Agronomy Michael Okpara University of Agriculture (MOUA) Umuahia Nigeria

Tropical fruit trees constitute important biological resources in the global agrobiodiversity context. unlike the tropical fruit trees of American and Asian origin, indigenous fruit trees (IFT) of tropical Africa have scarcely achieved the status of international recognition in commodity markets and research arena outside Africa. This paper presented a critical review of the status of IFT in the Tropical African sub-regions (of West Africa, Central Africa, east Africa, Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands) in relation to the introduced naturalised fruit trees from tropical America and Asia, threats to the diversity and sustainable use of IFT, analysis of the opportunities and challenges of developing IFT, as well as targets for crop improvement of the rich IFT of Tropical Africa. Domestication programme via relevant vegetative propagation techniques for priority IFT of the sub-regions was examined and advocated, in addition to the adoption of complementary conservation strategies, including Field GeneBanks in the management of the continent’s IFT diversity.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Crop Improvement Domestication Indigenous Fruit Trees Introduced Species Tropical Africa

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MCNP Simulation of Physics Parameters of Dispersion Fuels for Conversion of NIRR-1 to Leu

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2018年第2期8卷 23-29页

作者： kola Ibikunle umar Sadiq Yakubu Viva Ibrahim sunday Adesunloye Jonah Department of Physics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Centre for energy Research and Training Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1) is one of the Commercial Miniature Neutron Source Reactors (MNSRs) sited outside China and scheduled for conversion under the auspices of Reduced enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (ReRTR) program. Since 2006, the reduction in the fuel enrichment of MSNR facilities from greater than 90% Heu cores to less than 20% Leu cores has been embarked upon. Consequently in this work, the physics parameters of three dispersion Leu fuels, which include u3Si, u3Si2, and u9Mo enriched to 19.75% were determined by the MCNP code to investigate their suitability for the conversion of NIRR-1 to Leu. The following reactor core physics parameters were computed for the Leu fuel options: clean cold core excess reactivity (ρex), control rod (CR) worth, shut down margin (SDM), neutron flux distributions in the irradiation channels and kinetics data (i.e. effective delayed neutron fraction, βeff?and prompt neutron lifetime, lf). Results are compared with experimental and calculated data of the current Heu core and indicate that it would be feasible to use any of the Leu options for the conversion of commercial MNSR in general and NIRR-1 in particular from Heu to Leu.

关键词： Neutronics Data Heu to Leu Conversion MNS Reactors Dispersion Fuels MCNP

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