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Coastline Dynamics Analysis in Dakar Region, Senegal from 1990 to 2040

American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第2期11卷 23-36页

作者： ibrahim. Pouye Dieudonné Pessièzoum Adjoussi Jacques André Ndione Amadou sall Kouami Dodji Adjaho Muhammad Leroy Albert Gomez West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use WASCAL Togo University of Lomé DRP Climate Change Disaster Risk Management Lomé Togo Department of Geography University of Lomé Lomé Togo Académie Nationale des Sciences et Techniques du Sénégal (ANSTS) Dakar Senegal Centre de Suivi Ecologique Dakar Senegal

In the context of climate change, the study of shoreline dynamics is a critical issue concerning economic losses in coastal countries. Therefore, since it is an important parameter to study the impacts of climate change in coastal areas, scientists are more interested in littoral studies seeking deep existential knowledge. This study aims to depict separately the coastal dynamics from 1990 to 2020 in Dakar region. The difference in terms of geologic, geomorphologic and hydrodynamic conditions within the three different coasts of Dakar and the prediction until 2040 have been taken into account in comparison to the previous studies. To achieve this purpose, the Geographic Information System (GIS) approach which is among the most current methods to determine the coastline dynamics is used. Historical Landsat images from the USGS, QGIS 3.12.0, Arc GIS 10.4 and DSAS software have been used for the Landsat images pre-processing and coastline dynamic computation. After obtaining the coastline velocity rate, some predictions of future coastline position have been estimated using the formula of velocity. The results showed that the Dakar region is characterized by an average rate of retreat about −0.44 m/year on the northern coast. The western and southern coasts record respectively a rate of about 0.21 and −0.11 m/year. In 2030, the average rates of retreat of −4.4, 2.1 and −1.1 m/year were estimated respectively in the northern, western and southern coasts.

关键词： Coastline Dynamics DSAS Erosion Accretion Dakar Region

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Infectious Pneumonitis Revealing an Anal Imperforation with Recto-Vaginal Fistula: A Case of Late Discovery in a 70-Year-Old Woman

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第1期11卷 26-31页

作者： sall Assane Bâ Massamba Diajhete Rokhaya Adja Awa Coumba Sarr Ba Dalahata Degboevi Vahana Toure Elsa Maimouna Coumé Mamadou Geriatrics Department Fann/Dakar University Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Anorectal malformations concern all anomalies of the terminal part of the digestive tract often diagnosed in the perinatal period. We report a clinical case of anorectal malformation discovered incidentally and very late at 70 years, following complications from the infectious syndrome. Observation: 70-year-old female patient, housewife, uneducated was referred to the hospital for acute febrile, cough, and mental confusion associated with chronic pelvic pain. The genito-anal examination showed an anal imperforation associated with a recto-vaginal fistula complicated by cervico-vaginitis. The evolution during hospitalization was favorable, but the patient died at home, 3 weeks after discharge. Conclusion: The discovery of anorectal malformation in adults is rare and exceptional in an elderly subject. This case demonstrates once again the challenges encountered in developing countries on the socio-economic and health levels.

关键词： Anorectal Malformation Elderly Subject Dakar Senegal

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How Does Heat-Stress Intensity Affect the Stability of Microbial Activity and Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Outfields and Homefields’ Cultivation Practices in the Senegalese Groundnut Basin?

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第2期13卷 97-123页

作者： Paul Ndiaga Ciss Laure Tall Saidou Nourou sall Mariama Dalanda Diallo Paula Fernandes Tidiane Dieye Medoune Mbengue Espoir Gaglo Komi Assigbetse LABAAM UFR S2ATA Université Gaston Berger Saint Louis Sénégal ISRA (Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole) LNRPV Dakar Sénégal IPAR (Initiative Prospective Agricole et Rurale) Dakar Sénégal LMI IESOL Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal CIRAD UPR Hortsys Centre ISRA-IRD-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Eco & Sols Université de Montpellier IRD CIRAD INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France Hortsys CIRAD Univ Montpellier Montpellier France

Agroecosystems in the Senegalese groundnut basin experience long periods of high temperatures and drought, which disrupt the stability of soil microbial communities. This study evaluated how that stability is affected by homefields and outfields’ agricultural practices and the duration of heat stress. Specifically, we collected soils from organically farmed fields that receive continual high inputs of manure (homefields), and from fields that are rarely manured (outfields). Soil samples were submitted to artificial heat stress at 60°C for 3, 14, and 28 days, followed by 28 days of recovery at 28°C. We examined the functional stability of microbial communities by quantifying C mineralization, and characterized the stability of the communities’ taxonomic compositions via high-throughput DNA sequencing. We found that the microbial communities have a low resistance to heat stress in soils from both types of fields. However, the manuring practice does affect how the functional stability of microbial communities responds to different durations of heat stress. Although functional stability was not recovered fully in either soil, microbial community resilience seemed to be greater in homefield soils. Differences in manuring practices also affected the structural taxonomic stability of microbial communities: relative abundances of Bacilli, Chloroflexia, Actinobacteria and Sordariomycetes increased in the homefield stressed-soils, but decreased significantly in outfield soils. In contrast, relative abundances of α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Eurotiomycetes increased significantly in outfield stressed-soils, while decreasing significantly in the homefield soils. Relative abundances of Bacilli changed little in outfield soils, indicating that this taxon is resistant to heat stress. In summary, the microbial communities’ capacities to resist heat stress and recover from it depend upon the organic richness of the soil (i.e., manuring practice) and the adaptation of soil

关键词： Groundnut Basin Senegal Agricultural Practice Heat Stress Microbial Stability Microbial Diversity

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A Survey of the Major Sorghum Production Regions for Foliar and Panicle Diseases during the 2022 Growing Season in Senegal, West Africa

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 829-844页

作者： Louis Kajac Prom Mame P. Sarr Cyril Diatta Mohamed sall Souleymane Bodian Coumba Fall Gualbert Séraphin Dorego Clint Magill USDA-ARS SPARC College Station USA Centre National de Recherches Agronomiques de Bambey Bambey Senegal Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Texas A&M University College Station USA

Sorghum is a vital commodity and greatly contributes to the daily calorie needs for millions of the inhabitants in Senegal, West Africa. Yet, sorghum productivity and profitability are impacted by diseases. In the 2022 growing season, 122 farmers’ fields across 7 regions, notably Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kolda, Tambacounda, and Thies were surveyed for foliar and panicle diseases. During the survey, stops were made at 30 km intervals and at each stop, 2 - 5 fields were evaluated. In each field, 40 plants mostly at soft to early hard dough stages of development were assessed using a W-shaped pattern to cover the whole field. A total of 13 diseases, including leaf blight, anthracnose, Zonate leaf spot, Sooty stripe, rough leaf spot, oval leaf spot, long smut, grain mold, and covered kernel smut were documented. The most predominant diseases were leaf blight, anthracnose, and zonate leaf spot. The prevalence of leaf blight was 100%, while anthracnose and zonate leaf spot were found in 93 out of the 122 fields surveyed, indicating a 76% prevalence, respectively. Across the regions, the prevalence of rough leaf spot was 47%, covered kernel smut (32%), oval leaf spot (19%) and target leaf spot (19%). Mean incidence of leaf blight was high in all regions, ranging from 94% (Kaolack) to 100% (Fatick and Tambacounda). The highest mean incidence of anthracnose (62%) and covered kernel smut (16%) was noted in Tambacounda region. In the region of Thies, the highest mean incidence of zonate leaf spot (49%) was recorded. The mean severity of leaf blight (37%) was highest on plants assessed in the region of Kaffrine, followed by those in the regions of Kaolack, Tambacounda, and Kolda. Anthracnose infection was most intense on plants evaluated in Kolda, while zonate leaf spot was most severe in the region of Tambacounda. Fields with incidences of 85% and above were considered as “hotspots” to evaluate sorghum germplasm for disease resistance. This survey is significant be

关键词： Sorghum Survey Sorghum Diseases Incidence Severity Prevalence Senegal

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Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Experience of a Level 2 Health Center in Senegal

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 837-849页

作者： Soukeynatou Dia Ndour Papa Malick Ngom Louise Fortes Anna Mody Seck Thérèse Ndong Kadiatou Diallo Fatoumata Bintou sall ModouThioro Mbaye Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital Principal of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has implemented various strategies and programs adopted and applied nationally. Thus access to services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been extended to the level of the health post (the lowest level of the country’s health pyramid) with a delegation of tasks to paramedical staff (nurse, midwife) in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive mothers, to assess the care of children born to HIV-positive mothers, to determine the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of all live newborns of HIV-positive mothers who gave birth at the Gaspard Kamara Health Center (a level 2 health center in Dakar, Senegal) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. The data were collected from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prenatal follow-up registers and files, delivery files and registers, and neonatology and pediatric follow-up files, and exploited using the Epi info 7 software. Results: There were 98 children of seropositive mothers. The epidemiological profile of the HIV-positive woman was that of a young woman aged between 16 and 43 with an average of 31.31 years, pauciparous (>65% of cases) from Dakar center (>75% of cases), housewife with a low socio-economic level (63.1% of cases), married in almost all cases, with HIV profile (in almost all cases) and diagnosed before pregnancy (51.02%). The analysis of the children’s data revealed a predominance of girls (52.04%) with a good birth weight (2964g on average) and a pregnancy carried to term in more than 95% of cases. ARV prophylaxis was almost entirely respected with tripl

关键词： Mother-to-Child Transmission HIV Infection Prevention Antiretroviral Treatment

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A New Observation of Bone Marrow Involvement by Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Myelofibrosis

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 39-44页

作者： Fall Seynabou Alioune Badara Diallo Dibor Niang El Hadji Daouda Niang Khadim Sarr Marième Lolita Camara Abibatou sall Fatou Samba Ndiaye Department of Hematology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Pathology Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by high clinical and biological heterogeneity. Patients typically present with progressive lymphadenopathy, extranodal disease and may also experience fever, night sweats and unexplained weight loss. We report here the case of a 16-year-old female with osteoarticular pain, dizziness, and dyspnea on exertion. Clinical examination showed no lymphadenopathy. Complete blood count (CBC) revealed pancytopenia and marrow smears found to be hypocellular. Initial diagnosis favored secondary myelofibrosis. Diagnosis of bone marrow involvement by DLBCL was retained on bone marrow histology and immunohistochemistry which showed infiltration of large B lymphoid cells. The patient was treated by immunochemotherapy R-CHOP regimen. This case highlights a very rare and atypical circumstance of discovery of DLBCL with myelofibrosis as an initial symptom. Prognosis value of this presentation and management difficulties are also discussed.

关键词： Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Myelofibrosis Rituximab

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Routine Screening for Cervical Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第7期11卷 922-928页

作者： Alassane Traoré Aphou sallé Koné Sima Mamadou Amadou Bocoum Mamadou Bakary Coulibaly Koninba Diabaté Adama Diakité Kanté ibrahim.Seydou Mariko Idrissa Mama Diarra Service de gynécologie H&ocirc pital du Mali Bamako Mali Service de radiothérapie H&ocirc pital du Mali Bamako Mali Service de gynécologie-obstétrique Centre hospitalier et universitaire du Point G Bamako Mali Service de gynécologie-obstétrique Centre hospitalier et universitaire Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Objective: To describe the screening for uterine cancer by visual methods. Method: We conducted a prospective and descriptive study over a period of 12 months from January to December 2020. Direct observation of providers and interview of patients were performed for data collection. Results: Out of 3400 patients, 1024 were enrolled for the study, or 30.11%. The average age of the patients was 41 years with the extremes of 17 to 87 years. Women aged 40 to 45 were the most represented with 58.78%, (n = 602). Housewives 85.83% (n = 879), they had a primary education level in 71.09% of cases (n = 728), the vast majority were married 92.28% (n = 945). Multiparous represented 58.78% (n = 602) of the sample, nulliparous 18.26% (n = 187), women living in rural areas 30.17% (n = 309), in urban areas 69.82% (n = 715). The test was positive in 43 patients (4.19%) but squamocylindrical junction was not visible in 17% of cases. The preparation of acetic acid and lugol: good preparation in 100% of cases;

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Comparative Characteristics of Hydrated Lime with Fine Sewage Sludge Ash (FSSA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA)

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 446-459页

作者： Mamoudou sall Abdou Ciss Wade Gora Dieye Alassane Traoré Prince Momar Gueye Prince Momar Gueye Saliou Diouf Déthié Thiaw Khalifa Ababacar Diop Djibril Diop Laboratory of X-Ray Department of Physic Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Institute of Applied Nuclear Technology Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Civil Engineering Materials High Polytechnic School University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The disposal of waste has become an environmental issue due to the limited available landfilling space. This paper aims to compare the characteristics of hydrated lime with fine sewage sludge ash (FSSA) and coal fly ash (CFA). Multiple techniques, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), compressive strengths, thermophysical properties, and setting time were used to assess the physicochemical characteristics of the lime-based materials. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the chemical composition and phases of ashes, lime and binders. The results showed that the chemical composition of ashes is similar to that of cement. Besides glass, the main minerals identified in CFA and FSSA are quartz (SiO2) and anhydrite (CaSO4). Moreover, calcium aluminium oxide (Ca3Al2O6) was detected for CFA and phosphorus calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2) for FSSA and minor phases were detected for both. FTIR measurements were carried out to characterize the inorganics components of different samples. Compressive strengths of mortars with different formulations have shown that both have a long-term positive effect which might be related to a pozzolanic activity. For the CFA the L3 binder consisting of 60% of coal fly ash and 40% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others while for the FSSA the L4 binder consisting of 80% fine ash and 20% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others. Both binders setting start times are greater than that of cement but shorter than that of lime. The study of the thermophysical properties of binders shows that they have a higher thermal resistance than cement mortar. Moreover, binders heat up less quickly because of their low effusivity compared to cement. Lime-based materials system could be a promising option to both relieve t

关键词： Coal Fly Ash Fine Sewage Sludge Ash Lime Binder Microstructure Thermomechanical Behavior

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Vaginal Carriage of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women in Rural Areas in Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 207-219页

作者： Babacar Ndiaye Fatoumata Diene Sarr Mam Coumba Diouf Rokhaya Diop Hamidou Thiam Mohamed Abass Yugo Rose Mbaye Amadou Alpha sall Cheikh Loucoubar Abdoulaye Seck Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Epidemiology Clinical Research and Data Science Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Virology Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.

关键词： Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Vaginal Carriage Antibiotic Susceptibility Senegal

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Surgical Treatment of Recent Traumatic Epiphyseal Detachments of the Distal Femur in the Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery Department of the CHU Bocar Sidy sall de Kati: About 20 Cases

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Surgical Science 2023年第5期14卷 338-346页

作者： Souleymane Diallo Sory ibrahim.Tambassi Kaly Tounkara Terna Traore Kalifa Coulibaly Aboubacar Diallo Soumana Traore Aboubacar Sidiki Sangaré Salif Kone Drissa Kaloga Bagayoko Cheick Oumar Sanogo Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology CHU Pr Bocar Sidy Sall of Kati Kati Mali Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology Etablissement Public Hospitalier Sikasso Sikasso Mali Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care University Hospital of Luxembourg Bamako Mali

Introduction: To our knowledge, no scientific study has been conducted at the university hospital of Kati on recent traumatic epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal femur. However, every day, children present in consultation for knee trauma. Conjugal plate fractures are by definition single to children. Any break in any solution of continuity of this plate is called an epiphyseal fracture or detachment. Objectives: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of traumatic epiphyseal in detachments of the distal femur recent in children and adolescents. Patients and Method: This was a 13-month prospectively collected longitudinal descriptive study from September 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. We identified and reviewed 20 medical records of recent traumatic epiphyseal detachments of the distal femur. The parameters studied were sociodemographic, lesion, surgical technique and evolutionary. Results: During the study period, the most affected group age was 12 to 17 years (85%) with an average of 14.65 ± 1.61 years (6 and 20 years). The victims were male (95%). The most frequent etiology was road traffic accident (95%), with a mean time to care of 26.42 ± 10.21 hours and Type II was frequently encountered (85%) with 35% of immediate complications. Cross-bracketing was the most commonly used surgical technique (85%). The result was good (65%). Conclusion: This study allowed us to observe a significant hospital incidence of epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal femur. Cross pinning was the most commonly used surgical technique with fewer complications (35%) and a satisfactory result in 90% of cases.

关键词： Fractures Epiphyseal Detachments Distal End of Femur Pinning

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