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Enhancing Canola Yield and Photosynthesis under Water Stress with Hydrogel Polymers

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1623-1645页

作者： Elham A.Badr Gehan Sh.Bakhoum Mervat Sh.Sadak ibrahim al-ashkar Mohammad Sohidul Islam Ayman El Sabagh Magdi T.Abdelhamid Field Crops Research Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Botany Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt Plant Production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh12271Saudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt Department of Research Centers Montana State UniversityBozemanMT 59717USA

While Egypt’s canola production per unit area has recently grown,productivity remains low,necessitating increased *** are water-absorbent polymer compounds that can optimize irrigation schedules by increasing the soil’s ability to retain ***,twoﬁeld experiments were conducted to examine hydrogel application to sandy soil on canola growth,biochemical aspects,yield,yield traits,and nutritional quality of yielded seeds grown under water deﬁcit stress *** experiments were conducted by arranging a split-plot layout in a randomized complete block design(RCBD)with three times replications of each *** water stress at 75%or 50%of crop evapotranspiration(ETc)lowered chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,caro-tenoids,and total pigments content,indole-3-acetic acid,plant development,seed yield,and oil and total carbo-hydrates of seed yield,hydrogel treatment enhanced all of the traits mentioned ***,hydrogel enhanced to gather compatible solutes(proline,amino acids,total soluble sugars),phenolics content in leaves,seed protein,and crop water productivity,which increased while the plants were under water *** results revealed that the full irrigation(100%ETc)along with hydrogel compared to water-stressed(50%ETc)led to enhanced seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),Oil(%),and Total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,***,under water-stressed plots with hydrogel exhibited enhancement by 10.0%,3.2%and 5.1%in seed yield(kg ha^(-1)),oil(%),and total carbohydrates(%)of rapeseed by 57.1%,11.1%and 15.7%,respec-tively compared to *** a result,the use of hydrogel polymer will be a viable and practical solution for increasing agricultural output under water deﬁcit stress situations.

关键词： Hydrogel oil osmolytes rapeseed yield water stress

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Termites Improve the Horizontal Movement of Carbonized Particles:A Step towards Sustainable Utilization of Biochar

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第10期91卷 2235-2248页

作者： Mazhar ali Nasir Masood Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed ibrahim al-ashkar Khalid F.almutairi Liyun Liu Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar Karthika Rajendran Ayman EL Sabagh Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS University IslamabadVehari CampusVehari61100Pakistan Department of Plant Production College of Food and AgricultureKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima739-8528Japan Crop Sciences Institute National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad44000Pakistan VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning(VAIal) Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)Vellore632014India Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Shaikh33516Egypt

Soil amendments containing carbonized materials increase the soil carbon reservoir,influence plant productivity,and,ultimately,help to clean the *** is data on the effect of such additions on soil physicochemical properties or plant growth,but few studies have focused on how these carbonized materials are distributed by termite species in the soil *** is the first comprehensive study of the transportation of biochar(BC)by termite species under tropical environmental conditions in *** present study was carried out to test the hypothesis that if termite species I)were involved in the distribution of biochar particles II)if yes,then how far these particles were transported during the study period(10 days)and III)check their preference between the enriched BC(EBC)and non-enriched *** was enriched with the cattle slurry after its pyrolysis in the *** results showed that EBC particles were significantly more widely distributed than non-enriched BC particles,but both types of BC were transported more than 4 cm(ring 4)within 10 days(at the end of the experiment).The current study also revealed that EBC was easily attached to the setae,cuticle,and legs of termites,implying that it could potentially be transported over a greater ***,transportation of EBC over larger distances indicated a potential preference of termite species between the EBC and BC *** the study,however,the preference among the termite species was also *** the prevailing study conditions,the Coptotermes heimi and Heteroterme indicola species transported the EBC further than Microtermes obesi and Odontotermes *** findings revealed that transportation preferences were observed among the four termite *** conclusion,the current study found that termites were involved in the distribution of BC particles,with a preference for EBC and that these have the potential to transport BC particles more than 4 cm within 10 da

关键词： Enriched biochar termite species distribution micro-particles feeding stations soil productivity

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Estimation of Genetic Divergence and Character Association Studies in Local and Exotic Diversity Panels of Soybean(Glycine max L.)Genotypes

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第6期92卷 1887-1906页

作者： Syed ali Zafar Muhammad Aslam Haroon Zaman Khan Sehrish Sarwar Rao Saad Rehman Mariam Hassan Ramala Masood Ahmad Rafaqat AGill Basharat ali ibrahim al-ashkar Abdullah ibrahim Md Atikur Rahman Ayman El Sabagh Oilseeds Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research InstituteFaisalabadPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsOil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China Department of Agricultural Engineering Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information TechnologyRahim Yar KhanPakistan Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonanKorea Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of KafrelsheikhKafr ElsheikhEgypt

The availability of favorable genetic diversity is a thriving vitality for the success of a breeding *** provides a firm basis of selecting superior breeding lines for the development of high yielding crop *** this context,present investigation aimed to generate information on genetic divergence and character association in a diversity panel of 123 local and exotic soybean *** of variance revealed significant response of the evaluated genotypes based on studied *** depicted the probability of selecting desirable soybean genotypes by focusing on character association studies and genetic diversity *** analysis revealed that seed yield per plant showed high positive correlation with 100-seed weight followed by pods per plant and plant ***,path coefficient analysis exposed that pods per plant had maximum direct contribution in seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight,days to flowering and SPAD *** named“G-10”showed maximum yield per plant followed by 24607,G-52,24593,Arisoy,24566,17426,A-3127,24570 and *** diversity analysis grouped the evaluated germplasm into 17 *** clusters showed zero intra-cluster variability;while inter-cluster divergence ranged from 9.00 to *** V showed maximum inter-cluster distance with cluster XII followed by that of between V and ***,cluster IV with superior genotypes(G-10,24607,24593 and 24566),VI(17426 and 24567),XIII(24570)and X(Arisoy and G-52)showed above mean values for most of the studied ***,the results of hybridization between the superior genotypes of these cluster pairs might be useful for soybean breeding with improving agronomic traits and adaptability.

关键词： Genetic variability correlation path analysis genetic diversity analysis soybean selective breeding

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Seed Priming and Foliar Supplementation withβ-aminobutyric Acid alleviates Drought Stress through Mitigation of Oxidative Stress and Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense in Linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 3113-3131页

作者： Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir Muhammad Ateeq allah Wasaya Mubshar Hussain Naeem Sarwar Khuram Mubeen Mudassir Aziz Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Chukwuma COgbaga ibrahim al-ashkar Md Atikur Rahman Ayman El Sabagh Department of Agronomy University of LayyahLayyah31200Pakistan Department of Agronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60000Pakistan State Key Lab of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100China Department of Agronomy MNS University of AgricultureMultan60000Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Poonch RawalakotRawalakot10250Pakistan Independent Researcher MiddlesbroughNorth YorkshireUK Plant Production Department College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2460Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan31000Korea Department of Field Crops Faculty of AgricultureSiirt UniversitySiirt56100Turkey Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Shaikh33516Egypt

Drought is one of the critical limitations to agricultural soils and crop *** of water is increasing due to climate change that lead to increasing threats to global food ***,ecofriendly and cost effective strategies are highly desirable for mitigating drought stress along with sustainable and smart agricultural *** aim of the study was to mitigate DS using seed priming and exogenous supplementation ofβ-aminobutyric acid(BABA)in linseed(Linum usitatissimum L.).Different doses(0,50,100 and 150μM)of BABA were used for seed priming agent and foliar spraying under three soil moisture levels viz.,25%(SM25),45%(SM45)and 65%(SM65).The response variables of both experiments included different agro-botanical traits and oxidative stress indicators such as melondialdehyde content,free proline accumulation,and antioxidant defense in *** linseed plants showed water stress at SM25 that reduced plant height,number of branches per plant,time taken to flower initiation and heading,and root and shoot dry ***,the number of capsules and seeds per capsule showed a significant decline at SM25,which led to a drastic reduction in 100-seed weight yield in linseed plants in both ***,seed priming and foliar supplementation with of BABA(50–100μM)significantly improved these morpho-agronomical attributes in linseed plants under *** results revealed that the BABA was fully active in linseed plants at ***,the combination of SM25 with BABA significantly improved the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and peroxidase(POD)activity,which significantly enhanced DS tolerance in linseed *** findings might be useful to oil seed breeders and farmers linseed for breeding program in linseed plants as well as sustainable agricultural production of oil seed crop plants.

关键词： Linseed water stress signaling molecule climate change biostimulant ecofriendly approach sustainable agricultural

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Identification of QTLs for Yield and Associated Traits in F_(2) Population of Rice

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第11期91卷 2439-2459页

作者： Rohini Bhat Anil Kumar Singh Muntazir Mushtaq Romesh Kumar Salgotra Manmohan Sharma Basharat Ahmad Bhat Umer Basu ibrahim al-ashkar Mohammad Anwar Hossain Akihiro Ueda Ayman El Sabagh ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic RajgurunagarPuneMaharashtra410505India School of Biotechnology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of JammuChatha180009India ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Pusa CampusNew Delhi110012India Department of Bio-Resources University of KashmirJammu and Kashmir190006India Division of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of JammuChatha180009India Department of Plant Production College of Food and AgricultureKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima UniversityHigashi-Hiroshima739-8528Japan Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33516Egypt

Identification of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)controlling yield and yield-related traits in rice was performed in the F_(2) mapping population derived from parental rice genotypes DHMAS and K343.A total of 30 QTLs governing nine different traits were identified using the composite interval mapping(CIM)*** QTLs were mapped for number of tillers per plant on chromosomes 1(2 QTLs),2 and 3;three QTLs for panicle number per plant on chromosomes 1(2 QTLs)and 3;four QTLs for plant height on chromosomes 2,4,5 and 6;one QTL for spikelet density on chromosome 5;four QTLs for spikelet fertility percentage(SFP)on chromosomes 2,3 and 5(2 QTLs);two QTLs for grain length on chromosomes 1 and 8;three QTLs for grain width on chromosomes1,3 and 8;three QTLs for 1000-grain weight(TGW)on chromosomes 1,4 and 8 and six QTLs for yield per plant(YPP)on chromosomes 2(3 QTLs),4,6 and *** of the QTLs were detected on chromosome 2,so further studies on chromosome 2 could help unlock some new chapters of QTL for this cross of rice *** QTLs elucidating high phenotypic variance can be used for marker-assisted selection(MAS)***,the exploitation of information regarding molecular markers tightly linked to QTLs governing these traits will facilitate future crop improvement strategies in rice.

关键词： Rice QTL mapping linkage map SSR markers composite interval mapping marker-assisted selection

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Drought Tolerance in Mung Bean is Associated with the Genotypic Divergence, Regulation of Proline, Photosynthetic Pigment and Water Relation

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 955-981页

作者： Mohammad Rafiqul Islam Mohd Mostofa Kamal Mohammad Faruk Hossain Jamil Hossain Mohammad Golam Azam Mst Masuma Akhter MKamrul Hasan ibrahim al-ashkar Khalid Falmutairi Ayman EL Sabagh Md Atikur Rahman Muhammad Aamir Iqbal Mohammad Sohidul Islam Agronomy Division Regional Agricultural Research StationBangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Pabna6600Bangladesh Chief Research Scientist New Edge MicrobialsLtd.Albury2641Australia Horticulture Research Centre Regional Agricultural Research StationBangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Pabna6600Bangladesh Pulses Research Centre BARIPabna6600Bangladesh Agronomy Division Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research InstituteDinajpur5200Bangladesh Department of Agronomy Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology UniversityDinajpur5200Bangladesh Department of Plant Production College of Food and AgricultureKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33156Egypt Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan31000Korea Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of Poonch RawalakotRawalakot12350Pakistan Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Faculty of AgricultureBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh

Drought is one of the critical conditions for the growth and productivity of many crops including mung bean(Vigna radiata ***).Screening of genotypes for variations is one of the suitable strategies for evaluating crop adaptability and global food *** this context,the study investigated the physiological and biochemical responses of four drought tolerant(BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7),and four drought sensitive(BARI Mung-1,BARI Mung-3,BU Mung-4,BMX-05001)mung bean genotypes under wellwatered(WW)and water deficit(WD)*** WW treatment maintained sufficient soil moisture(22%±0.5%,i.e.,30%deficit of available water)by regularly supplying ***,the WD treatment was maintained throughout the growing period,and water was applied when the wilting symptom *** drought tolerant(DT)genotypes BARI Mung-8,BMX-08010-2,BMX-010015,BMX-08009-7 showed a high level of proline accumulation(2.52–5.99 mg g^(−1) FW),photosynthetic pigment(total chlorophyll 2.96–3.27 mg g^(−1) FW at flowering stage,and 1.62–2.38 mg g^(−1) FW at pod developing stage),plant water relation attributes including relative water content(RWC)(82%–84%),water retention capacity(WRC)(12–14)as well as lower water saturation deficit(WSD)(19%–23%),and water uptake capacity(WUC)(2.58–2.89)under WD condition,which provided consequently higher relative seed *** indicate that the tolerant genotypes gained better physiobiochemical attributes and adaptability in response to drought ***,the genotype BMX-08010-2 showed superiority in terms of those physio-biochemical traits,susceptibility index(SSI)and stress tolerance index(STI)to other *** on the physiological and biochemical responses,the BMX-08010-2 was found to be a suitable genotype for sustaining yield under drought stress,and subsequently,it could be recommended for crop improvement through hybridization *** addition,the identified traits can be used as markers to ide

关键词： Mung bean drought proline chlorophyll water status stress tolerance

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Characterization of Endophytic Microorganisms of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)Potentials for Blast Disease Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promoting Agents

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第11期92卷 3021-3041页

作者： Shugufta Parveen Fayaz A.Mohiddin M.Ashraf Bhat Zahoor Ahmed Baba Fehim Jeelani M.Anwar Bhat Sajad Un Nabi Burhan Hamid Saba Bandey Farhanaz Rasool Zakir Amin ibrahim al-ashkar Muhammad Adnan Ayman El Sabagh Division of Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirWaduraIndia Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops SKUAST-KashmirKhudwaniIndia Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirWaduraIndia Division of Microbiology Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirWaduraIndia Division of Statistics Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirWaduraIndia Division of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirWaduraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central institute of Temperate Horticulture(ICAR-CITH) Old AirportRangrethSrinagarIndia Division of Plant Pathology Faculty of HorticultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirShalimarIndia Directorate of Extension Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirShalimarIndia Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia College of Food Agricultural and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of KafrelsheikhKafrelsheikhEgypt

One hundred twenty-five endophytic microorganisms were isolated from the roots,stems,and leaves of four prominent rice cultivars growing in temperate *** potential to combat rice blast disease and promote plant growth was *** dual culture tests highlighted the strong antagonistic activity of five fungal(ranging from 89%–70%)and five bacterial(72%–61%)*** examination focused on volatile compounds produced by selected isolates to counter the blast *** these,the highest chitinase(13.76μg mL−1)and siderophore(56.64%),was exhibited by Aspergillus flavus,and the highest HCN production was shown by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(36.15μM mL−1).In terms of growth promotion traits,Aspergillus flavus and Enterobacter cloacae excelled in activities viz,phosphorous solubilization,ammonia production,auxin and gibberellic acid production,and nitrogen *** Identity of these endophytes was confirmed through molecular analysis as Trichoderma afroharzianum,Trichoderma harzianum,Penicillium rubens,Aspergillus flavus,Stenotrophomonas rhizophila,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Bacillus cereus,Enterobacter cloacae,and Bacillus *** greenhouse conditions,the highest disease control was shown by isolate Bacillus licheniformis and *** with an inhibition of 79%,followed by ***(77%)and ***(73%).The overall results of this study showed that Bacillus licheniformis and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila have great potential to be used as bio-stimulant and biocontrol agents to manage rice blast disease.

关键词： Endophytes phylogeny antagonistic activity Pyricularia phytohormones

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New Improved Ranked Set Sampling Designs with an Application to Real Data

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1503-1522页

作者： Amer ibrahim al-Omari ibrahim M.almanjahie Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceAl al-Bayt UniversityMafraqJordan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Statistical Research and Studies Support Unit King Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia

This article proposes two new Ranked Set Sampling(RSS)designs for estimating the population parameters:Simple Z Ranked Set Sampling(SZRSS)and Generalized Z Ranked Set Sampling(GZRSS).These designs provide unbiased estimators for the mean of symmetric *** is shown that for non-uniform symmetric distributions,the estimators of the mean under the suggested designs are more efcient than those obtained by RSS,Simple Random Sampling(SRS),extreme RSS and truncation based RSS ***,the proposed RSS schemes outperform other RSS schemes and provide more efcient estimates than their competitors under imperfect *** suggested mean estimators under perfect and imperfect rankings are more efcient than the linear regression estimator under *** proposed RSS designs are also extended to cover the estimation of the population *** data is used to examine wthe usefulness and efciency of our estimators.

关键词： Ranked set sampling unbiased estimator simple random sampling mean squared error efciency imperfect ranking

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Acceptance Sampling Plans with Truncated Life Tests for the Length-Biased Weighted Lomax Distribution

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 285-301页

作者： Amer ibrahim al-Omari ibrahim M.almanjahie Olena Kravchuk Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceAl al-Bayt UniversityMafraqJordan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia Statistical Research and Studies Support Unit King Khalid UniversityAbha62529Saudi Arabia School of Agriculture University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5000Australia

In this paper,we considered the Length-biased weighted Lomax distribution and constructed new acceptance sampling plans(ASPs)where the life test is assumed to be truncated at a pre-assigned *** the new suggested ASPs,the tables of the minimum samples sizes needed to assert a specific mean life of the test units are *** addition,the values of the corresponding operating characteristic function and the associated producer’s risks are *** of two real data sets are presented to investigate the applicability of the proposed acceptance sampling plans;one data set contains the first failure of 20 small electric carts,and the other data set contains the failure times of the air conditioning system of an *** are made between the proposed acceptance sampling plans and some existing acceptance sampling plans considered in this study based on the minimum sample *** is observed that the samples sizes based on the proposed acceptance sampling plans are less than their competitors considered in this *** suggested acceptance sampling plans are recommended for practitioners in the field.

关键词： Acceptance sampling plan producer’s risk truncated life tests operating characteristic function length-biased weighted lomax distribution consumer’s risk

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Ciprofloxacin adsorption from aqueous solution onto chemically prepared carbon from date palm leaflets

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1579-1586页

作者： El-Said ibrahim El-Shafey Haider al-Lawati Asmaa Soliman al-Sumri Department of Chemistry College of ScienceSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 36-Al-Khodh 123MuscatOman

A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin （CIP） from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status （wet and dry）. The equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. The adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. The activation energy, Ea, was found to be 17 kJ/mol, indicating a diffusion-controlled, physical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was found at initial pH 6. The wet adsorbent showed faster removal with higher uptake than the dry adsorbent, with increased performance as temperature increased （25--45℃）. The equilibrium data were found to fit the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is mainly related to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding.

关键词： ciprofloxacin carbon adsorption palm leaflets

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