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Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes (Glycine max L. Merr.) Susceptibility to Parasitic Nematodes in Western Part of Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第1期14卷 23-34页

作者： gilles ibié thio Bouma thio Nofou Ouédraogo Frank Essem Inoussa Drabo Oumar Boro Fabrice Wendyam Nikiema Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié David Yago Hervé Bépio Bama Mahamadou Sawadogo Paco Sérémé Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Ashanti Mampong Ghana Université Joseph KI-ZERBO/UFR Science de la Vie et de la Terre Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Parasitic nematodes have been reported as one of the major constraints to soybean production worldwide. The majority of nematodes are so-called “free-living” and feed mainly on bacteria, fungi, protozoa and other nematodes. In Burkina Faso, the presence of parasitic nematodes has been reported in crops such as rice and sorghum. The objective of this study was to identify the genera and species of nematodes associated with soybean production in Burkina Faso. Investigations were carried out on 24 genotypes of a medium-maturity group of soybean at the Farako-Ba research station. Soil samples were taken from the trial soil before its installation. At harvest, soil samples with roots were taken from each genotype in the elementary plots. The composite sample is represented by 4 lots of soil samples with roots. Extractions and counts of nematodes were performed on the different lots. In total, 7 genera of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with soybean were identified. Among these genera, Pratylenchus (100% of infected genotypes), Helicotylenchus (97.28%) and Scutellonema (94.44%) were the most prevalent in terms of frequency and abundance. Some soybean genotypes were less susceptible to the genus Pratylenchus is known to be highly pathogenic in soybean. These were mainly the genotypes TGX2025-10E, TGX2023-3E and TGX2025-14E.

关键词： Parasitic Nematodes Susceptibility Genotypes Soybean Burkina Faso

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Impact of Three Isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.), a Pathogen of Late Leaf Spot, on Defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Tobdem Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Amado Sawadogo Diariétou Sambakhe Kouka Hamidou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana ibié gilles thio Frank Essem Kadidia Koita University Center of Gaoua Nazi BONI University Bobo Dioulasso Burkina Faso Life and Earth Sciences Unit Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research/CERAAS Thiès Senegal Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong Ghana

Late leaf spot caused by Cercosporidium personatum is one of the most widespread groundnut leaf diseases. Along with early leaf spot and rust, it is one of the main fungal diseases hampering groundnut production worldwide. Late leaf spot accounts for significant yield losses throughout the world where groundnuts are grown. This reduction in yield caused by the disease could result in yield losses of between 50% and 70%. In Burkina Faso, the disease is present throughout the country, with incidence varying according to region and season. Could the variability in the incidence of the disease be linked to the nature of the isolates or to the conditions from each agro-ecological zone? In this study, the aim was to assess the capacity of three isolates from three agroclimatic zones of the country to defoliate and reduce groundnut yield. To this end, three isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.) were collected in these zones and evaluated on three contrasting groundnut varieties. A split-splot design was used for the experiment. Isolates were prepared from samples collected in farmers’ fields. After incubation in the laboratory, leaf spots showing good sporulation were scraped off with a scalpel after immersing the leaves in distilled water. Inoculations were carried out under controlled environment. After inoculation with the isolate, the percentage of defoliation and the reduction in yield of these varieties were then evaluated. Inoculation was carried out from the 30th day after sowing with Cercosporidium personatum spore suspensions at 105 spores/ml. The study showed that the percentage of defoliation (P = 0.0001) and the reduction in yield (P = 0.0001) were significant. The study revealed that, whatever the variety, isolate I3TF from the Upper Basins region in the South Sudanese zone caused the greatest defoliation and the greatest reduction in yield. The variety TS32-1, regardless of the isolate used for the treatment, recorded the best

关键词： Arachis hypogaea Isolate Late Leaf Spot Cercosporidum personatum Yield Defoliation

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Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes (Glycine max L. Merr.) Susceptibility to Parasitic Nematodes in Western Part of Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences（农业科学） 2023年第1期

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Impact of Three Isolates of Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. Et M.A Curt.), a Pathogen of Late Leaf Spot, on Defoliation and Yield in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Controlled Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences（美国植物学期刊） 2023年第10期

作者： Bawomon Fidèle Neya Tobdem Gaston Dabire Alassane Ouattara Amado Sawadogo Diariétou Sambakhe Kouka Hamidou Sogoba Tounwendsida Abel Nana ibié gilles thio Frank Essem Kadidia Koita

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thioredoxins Play a Crucial Role in Dynamic Acclimation of Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light

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Molecular Plant 2017年第1期10卷 168-182页

作者： Ina Thormahlen Arkadius Zupok Josephin Rescher Jochen Leger Stefan Weissenberger Julia Groysman Anne Orwat gilles Chatel-lnnocenti Emmanuelle Issakidis-Bourguet Ute Armbruster Peter Geigenberger Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat MQnchen Grosshaderner StraSe 2-4 82152 Martinsried Germany Max-Planck-lnstitut fur Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Department 3 Am Muhlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay (IPS2) UMR 9213/UMR1403 Universite Paris Sud CNRS INRA Universit~ d'Evry Universite Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cite Batiment 630 91405 Orsay France

Sunlight represents the energy source for photosynthesis and plant growth. When growing in the field, plant photosynthesis has to manage strong fluctuations in light intensities. Regulation based on the thio- redoxin （Trx） system is believed to ensure light-responsive control of photosynthetic reactions in the chlo- roplast. However, direct evidence for a role of this system in regulating dynamic acclimation of photosyn- thesis in fluctuating conditions is largely lacking. In this report we show that the ferredoxin-dependent Trxs ml and m2 as well as the NADPH-dependent NTRC are both indispensable for photosynthetic acclimation in fluctuating light intensities. Arabidopsis mutants with combined deficiency in Trxs ml and m2 show wild- type growth and photosynthesis under constant light condition, while photosynthetic parameters are strongly modified in rapidly alternating high and low light. Two independent trxmlm2 mutants show lower photosynthetic efficiency in high light, but surprisingly significantly higher photosynthetic efficiency in low light. Our data suggest that a main target of Trx ml and m2 is the NADP-malate dehydrogenase involved in export of excess reductive power from the chloroplast. The decreased photosynthetic efficiency in the high-light peaks may thus be explained by a reduced capacity of the trxm lm2 mutants in the rapid light acti-vation of this enzyme. In the ntrc mutant, dynamic responses of non-photochemical quenching of excita- tion energy and plastoquinone reduction state both were strongly attenuated in fluctuating light intensities, leading to a massive decrease in PSII quantum efficiency and a specific decrease in plant growth under these conditions. This is likely due to the decreased ability of the ntrc mutant to control the stromal NADP（H） redox poise. Taken together, our results indicate that NTRC is indispensable in ensuring the full range of dynamic responses of photosynthesis to optimize photosynthesis and maintain growth in fluc

关键词： arabidopsis chloroplast light signalling NTRC redox regulation thioredoxin

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