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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 47-57页

作者： Richard ian MILNE Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology School of BiologyUniversity of St.AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY16 9THUK

The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis,a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan,China,characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat *** genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical *** levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level(P 99 = 96.012%;H t = 0.302) and at the population level(P 99 = 51.41%;H s = 0.224).Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected(F ST = 0.2961;θⅡ = 0.281),which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated,mixed selfing,and outcrossing plant *** result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination *** indirect estimate of gene flow based on θⅡ was low(N m = 0.64).Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species.A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F 1 fruit set,seed weight,and germinate rate *** a naturally rare species,*** is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history,we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence,but not intervention to remain viable.

关键词： AFLP genetic diversity genetic structure inbreeding depression naturally rare plants Tupistra pingbianensis.

Five-channel frequency-division multiplexing using low-loss epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 129-137页

作者： Binbin Hong Lei Sun Wanlin Wang Yanbing Qiu Naixing Feng Dong Su Nutapong Somjit ian Robertson Guo Ping Wang Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China The Tenth Research Institute China Electronics Technology Group CorporationChengdu 610036China School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

The rapidly growing global data usage has demanded more efficient ways to utilize the scarce electromagnetic spectrum resource. Recent research has focused on the development of efficient multiplexing techniques in the millimeter-wave band(1-10 mm, or 30-300 GHz) due to the promise of large available bandwidth for future wireless networks. Frequency-division multiplexing is still one of the most commonly-used techniques to maximize the transmission capacity of a wireless *** on the frequency-selective tunnelling effect of the low-loss epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate five-channel frequency-division multiplexing and demultiplexing in the millimeter-wave *** show that this device architecture offers great flexibility to manipulate the filter Q-factors and the transmission spectra of different channels, by changing of the epsilon-near-zero metamaterial waveguide topology and by adding a standard waveguide between two epsilon-near-zero channels. This strategy of frequency-division multiplexing may pave a way for efficiently allocating the spectrum for future communication networks.

关键词： frequency-division multiplexing artificial effective medium epsilon-near-zero metamaterial integrated photonics

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Resolution-enhanced X-ray fluorescence microscopy via deep residual networks

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1935-1942页

作者： Longlong Wu Seongmin Bak Youngho Shin Yong S.Chu Shinjae Yoo ian K.Robinson Xiaojing Huang Computational Science Initiative Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Materials Engineering Research Facility Applied Materials DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA London Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK

Multimodal hard X-ray scanning probe microscopy has been extensively used to study functional materials providing multiple contrast *** instance,combining ptychography with X-ray fluorescence(XRF)microscopy reveals structural and chemical properties *** ptychography can achieve diffraction-limited spatial resolution,the resolution of XRF is limited by the X-ray probe ***,we develop a machine learning(ML)model to overcome this problem by decoupling the impact of the X-ray probe from the XRF *** enhanced spatial resolution was observed for both simulated and experimental XRF data,showing superior performance over the state-of-the-art scanning XRF method with different nano-sized X-ray *** spatial resolutions were also observed for the accompanying XRF tomography *** this probe profile deconvolution with the proposed ML solution to enhance the spatial resolution of XRF microscopy will be broadly applicable across both functional materials and biological imaging with XRF and other related application areas.

关键词： resolution overcome instance

Finding your scientific story by writing backwards

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第1期4卷 1-9页

作者： David J.S.Montagnes E.ian Montagnes Zhou Yang Department of Evolution Ecologyand BehaviourUniversity of LiverpoolBioSciences BuildingLiverpoolL697ZBUK Private Office 31 Baldwin StreetPort HopeONL1A 1S3Canada School of Biological Sciences Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China

To succeed,a scientist must write *** guidance exists on writing papers that follow the classic Introduction,Methods,Results,and Discussion(IMRaD)***,we fill a critical gap in this pedagogical *** offer guidance on developing a good scientific *** valuable—yet often poorly achieved—skill can increase the impact of a study and its likelihood of acceptance.A scientific story goes beyond presenting *** is a cohesive narrative that engages the reader by presenting and solving a problem,with a beginning,middle,and *** create this narrative structure,we urge writers to consider starting at the end of their study,starting with writing their main conclusions,which provide the basis of the Discussion,and then work backwards:Results→Methods→refine the Discussion→Introduction→Abstract→*** this brief and informal editorial,we offer guidance to a wide audience,ranging from upper-level undergraduates(who have just conducted their first research project)to senior scientists(who may benefit from re-thinking their approach to writing).To do so,we provide specific instruction,examples,and a guide to the literature on how to“write backwards”,linking scientific storytelling to the IMRaD structure.

关键词： Scientific narrative Scientific pedagogy Scientific writing Story-telling Writing structure

The changing world under the corona virus threat-from human needs to SDGs and what next?

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第1期24卷 50-57,I0008页

作者： Orhan Altan ian Dowman Department of Geomatics Istanbul Technical UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK

The COVID-19(coronavirus)disease has affected over 100 countries in a matter of *** way humans live and work on planet Earth has changed profoundly over the last *** lives and livelihoods have been *** of working,shopping,and social interactions are all vastly different for most of *** do not know when the current crisis will end,or how far we will“return”to the way things were before the *** world is experiencing one of the most transformative moments of the last 100 *** social,economic,and political influences of the COVID-19 crisis have already been hugely momentous,we do not utterly understand *** ahead,we have inevitably had to make important public health,economic,governance,and ecological decisions with less information than usual and to reverse recently adopted policies,which can lead to an era of disruptive transformations to *** these historic times,we must understand the hidden reality of the earth system and attempt to transform our needs so that we all have a sustained future on our planet.

关键词： COVID-19 human needs social and scientific response millennium development goals sustainable development goals UN

Critical interfaces in body armour systems

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 1887-1894页

作者： ian G.Crouch Ulverston Armour Solutions UlverstonLA127BJCumbriaUK

The ballistic performance,and behaviour,of an armour system is governed by two major sets of variables,geometrical and *** these,the consistency of performance,especially against small arms ammunition,will depend upon the consistency of the properties of the constituent *** a body armour system for example,fibre diameter,areal density of woven fabric,and bulk density of ceramic are examples of critical parameters and monitoring such parameters will form the backbone of associated quality control *** is often overlooked,because it can fall into the User’s domain,are the interfaces that exist between the various products;the carrier,the Soft Armour Insert(SAI),and the one or two hard armour plates(HAP1 and HAP2).This is especially true if the various products are sourced from different suppliers.

关键词： Interfaces Body armour Body armor Ceramic armour UHMWPE Aramids Ballistic fibres Fabrics Interfacial materials Hard armour plates Soft vests

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六种抗癫痫药物的血药浓度监测结果分析

临床心身疾病杂志 2024年第4期30卷 120-125页

作者：张颖孙玉鹤周甜甜韩露赵保红郑州市第二人民医院河南郑州450006

目的分析六种不同抗癫痫药物的血药浓度监测结果,以期为抗癫痫药物合理使用提供重要参考。方法回顾性收集810例癫痫患者(单一抗癫痫用药674例、二联抗癫痫用药114例、三联抗癫痫用药20例,四联抗癫痫用药2例)基本资料,观察患者单一使... 详细信息

目的分析六种不同抗癫痫药物的血药浓度监测结果,以期为抗癫痫药物合理使用提供重要参考。方法回顾性收集810例癫痫患者(单一抗癫痫用药674例、二联抗癫痫用药114例、三联抗癫痫用药20例,四联抗癫痫用药2例)基本资料,观察患者单一使用抗癫痫药物有效血药浓度测定结果、疗效及安全性,按性别、年龄及联合用药进行分类,分析其对有效血药浓度测定结果的影响。结果 810例癫痫患者中138例单一使用丙戊酸钠(17.04%),处于有效血药浓度范围79例,占比57.25%;6例单一使用苯妥英钠(0.74%),处于有效血药浓度范围0例;42例单一使用卡马西平(5.19%),处于有效血药浓度范围27例,占比64.29%;280例单一使用奥卡西平(34.57%),处于有效血药浓度范围255例,占比91.07%;149例单一使用拉莫三嗪(18.40%),处于有效血药浓度范围98例,占比65.77%;59例单一使用左乙拉西坦(7.28%),处于有效血药浓度范围20例,占比33.90%。共有555例获有良好疗效,总有效率为82.34%,42例出现不良反应,不良反应总发生率为6.23%。不同性别患者单一使用卡马西平和拉莫三嗪有效浓度测定结果比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。136例联合用药中,有34例处于有效浓度范围内,占25.00%。联合用药共有102例获有效,总有效率为75.00%,低于单一用药的总有效率82.34%(χ^(2)=3.980,P<0.05);联合用药共有17例出现不良反应,不良反应总发生率为12.50%,高于单一用药的不良反应总发生率6.23%(χ^(2)=6.585,P<0.05)。结论血药浓度监测可为临床用药提供重要指导,但癫痫患者个体差异大,需结合患者自身实际合理斟酌应用抗癫痫药物。

关键词：癫痫抗癫痫药物血药浓度监测个体化治疗

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Including Planet 9 in the Solar System Increases the Coherence between the Sunspot Number Record and Solar Inertial Motion

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第3期12卷 212-246页

作者： ian Edmonds Department of Physics Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia

The Sun would be subject to a significant variation of orbital motion about the solar system barycentre if a small planet is orbiting at a very large distance. This paper assesses if the Planet 9 hypothesis, the existence of a ninth planet, is consistent with the planetary hypothesis: the synchronisation of sunspot emergence to solar inertial motion (SIM) induced by the planets. We show that SIM would be profoundly affected if Planet 9 exists and that the hypothesised effect of SIM on sunspot emergence would be radically different from the effect of SIM due to the existing eight planets. We compare the frequency and time variation of Sun to barycentre distance, RB, calculated for both the eight and nine planet systems, with the frequency and time variation of sunspot number (SSN). We show that including Planet 9 improves the coherence between RB and SSN in the decadal, centennial and millennial time range. Additionally, as the variation of RB is sensitive to the longitude and period of Planet 9, it is possible to adjust both parameters to fit the variation of RB to the SSN record and obtain new estimates of the period and present longitude of Planet 9. Finally, we develop the hypothesis that planetary induced solar acceleration reduces meridional flow and consequently sunspot emergence thereby providing an explanation for the observed coincidence of grand solar minima with intervals of extreme solar acceleration.

关键词： Planet 9 Hypothesis Planetary Hypothesis Solar Inertial Motion Reconstructed Sunspot Number Phase Modulation of SSN Future SSN Events

The blood–brain barrier in systemic infection and inflammation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第11期18卷 2489-2501页

作者： ian Galea Clinical Neurosciences Clinical&Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO166YDUK

The vascular blood-brain barrier is a highly regulated interface between the blood and *** primary function is to protect central neurons while signaling the presence of systemic inflammation and infection to the brain to enable a protective sickness behavior *** increasing degrees and duration of systemic inflammation,the vascular blood-brain barrier becomes more permeable to solutes,undergoes an increase in lymphocyte trafficking,and is infiltrated by innate immune cells;endothelial cell damage may occasionally *** of neuronal function results in the clinical features of ***,the molecular and cellular anatomy of the vascular blood-brain barrier is reviewed,first in a healthy context and second in a systemic inflammatory *** from the molecular and cellular mediators of the blood-brain barrier’s response to inflammation,several moderators influence the direction and magnitude at genetic,system,cellular and molecular *** include sex,genetic background,age,pre-existing brain pathology,systemic comorbidity,and gut *** progress is required to define and measure mediators and moderators of the blood-brain barrier’s response to systemic inflammation in order to explain the heterogeneity observed in animal and human studies.

关键词： blood-brain barrier inflammation infection signaling moderation

Impact of vericiguat on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction:a review

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Global Health Journal 2023年第3期7卷 123-129页

作者： Manisha Vohra Mohammad Amir ian Osoro Amit Sharma Ranjeet Kumar Department of Pharmacy Practice ISF College of PharmacyMogaPunjab 142001India

Introduction:Heart failure is a major public health issue with a prevalence of about 26 million people *** nitric oxide availability,lower soluble guanylate cyclase(sGC)activity,and decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)production are the causes of HF's *** prescribed under the brand name Verquvo was approved by *** and Drug Administration(FDA)in January *** is a novel agent and the first sGC stimulator which helps to treat patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF).Objective:The mechanism of action(cGMP pathway)of vericiguat,its clinical trials,its use in the treatment of heart failure,and its possible future aspects in therapeutic recommendations are all covered in this *** will also raise awareness amongst healthcare professionals about the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters,dosing,administration,and drug-related problems of this new ***:Various databases for drug review were used in this review like PubMed,Medline,Google scholar,Drug bank,***,Medscape,and European society of cardiology guidelines.A total of 58 articles were screened out of which 39 articles were included in this ***:This review discusses vericiguat's mechanism of action(cGMP pathway),clinical studies,application in the treatment of heart failure,and potential future considerations in therapeutic *** will also educate healthcare professionals about the new drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,dose,administration,and drug-related ***:After hospitalization for HFrEF,the 5-year survival rate is just 25%,and disease morbidity and death are stil *** adjunctive therapy for individuals with heart failure and a low ejection fraction,vericiguat has a moderate level of ***'s efficacy as an adjunct therapy to different drugs used to cure HF has to be further ***'s safety and dosage in patients w

关键词： Vericiguat Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator Nitric oxide Cyclicguanosinemonophosphate