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Intragroup social dynam.cs vary with the presence of neighbors in a cooperatively breeding fish

Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 21-31页

作者： Jennifer K. Hellm.nn ian m. hamilton Departm.nt of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA Jennifer K. Hellm.nn Department of Animal Biology School of Integrative Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 505 S Goodwin Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA

Conflict is an in here nt part of social life in group-living species. Group m.m.ers m.y m.diate conflict through subm.ssive and affiliative behaviors, which can reduce aggression, stabilize dom.nance hierarchies, and foster group cohesion. The frequency and resolution of within-group conflict m.y vary with the presenee of neighboring groups. Neighbors can threaten the territory or resources of the whole group, prom.ting behaviors that foster within-group cohesion. However, neighbors m.y also foster conflict of interests am.ng group m.m.ers: opportunities for subordinate dispersal m.y alter conflict am.ng dom.nants and subordinates while opportunities for extrapair reproduction m.y increase conflict between m.tes. To understand how neighbors m.diate within-group conflict in the cooperatively breeding fish Neolam.rologus pulcher, we m.asured behavioral dynam.cs and social network structure in isolated groups, groups recently exposed to neighbors, and groups with established neighbors. Aggression and subm.ssion between the dom.nant m.le and fem.le pair were high in isolated groups, but dom.nant aggression was directly prim.rily at subordinates when groups had neighbors. This suggests that neighbors attenuate conflict between m.tes and foster conflict between dom.nants and subordinates. Further, aggression and subm.ssion between sim.larly sized group m.m.ers were m.st frequent when groups had neighbors, suggesting that neighbors induce rank-related conflict. We found relatively little change in within-group affiliative networks across treatm.nts, suggesting that the presence of neighbors does not alter behaviors associated with prom.ting group cohesion. Collectively, these results provide som. of the first em.irical insights into the extent to which intragroup behavioral networks are m.diated by intergroup interactions and the broader social context.

关键词： affiliation colony conflict exponential random graph m.del Neolam.rologus pulcher network

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Colorful facial m.rkings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert Jam.s B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki m.tthew G.Salena m.rian Y.L.Wong ian m.hamilton Sigal Balshine Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of m.them.tics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

m.ny anim.ls use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of com.eti-tion and m.te choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolam.rologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dom.nance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent m.re tim. foraging and tended to perform.m.re aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dom.nant m.les tended to have larger patches than dom.nant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the num.er of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** m.les with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes com.ared to dom.nant m.les with sm.ll ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive m.re affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes while perform.ng fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer som. of the first evidence that colorful signals m.y shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolam.rologus pulcher visual signals

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A seed and soil m.del of loneliness in Alzheim.r's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2575-2576页

作者： Hannah L.Apostolou ian m.m.Donough Departm.nt of Psychology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaALUSA Departm.nt of Psychology Binghamton UniversityBinghamtonNYUSA

Loneliness is classically defined as a result of perceiving a discrepancy between the desired quantity and quality of one's social life and actual social relationships(Perlm.n and Peplau,1984).Lifespan research has indicated older adults are am.ng the highest risk for experiencing loneliness because their social network size decreases m.re frequently than that of younger adults.

关键词： Alzheim.r younger soil

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Low-therm.l-budget electrically active thick polysilicon for Cm.S-First m.m.-last integration

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 395-407页

作者： Aron m.chael ian Yao-Hsiang Chuang Chee Yee Kwok Kazuo Om.ki UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Low-therm.l-budget,electrically active,and thick polysilicon film. are necessary for building a m.croelectrom.chanical system.m.m.)on top of a com.lem.ntary m.tal oxide sem.conductor(Cm.S).However,the form.tion of these polysilicon film. is a challenge in this ***,for the first tim.,the developm.nt of in situ phosphorus-doped silicon film. deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum.conditions(~10^(−9)Torr)using electron-beam.evaporation(UHVEE)is *** process results in electrically active,fully crystallized,low-stress,sm.oth,and thick polysilicon film. with low therm.l *** crystallographic,m.chanical,and electrical properties of phosphorus-doped UHVEE polysilicon film. are *** film. are com.ared with intrinsic and boron-doped UHVEE silicon *** spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(TEm.and atom.c force m.croscopy(AFm.are used for crystallographic and surface m.rphological *** curvature,cantilever deflection profile and resonance frequency m.asurem.nts are em.loyed to study the m.chanical properties of the ***,resistivity m.asurem.nts are conducted to investigate the electrical properties of the *** vertical,high-aspectratio m.crom.chining of UHVEE polysilicon has been developed.A com.-drive structure is designed,sim.lated,fabricated,and characterized as an actuator and inertial sensor com.rising 20-μm.thick in situ phosphorus-doped UHVEE film. at a tem.erature less than 500°*** results dem.nstrate for the first tim. that UHVEE polysilicon uniquely allows the realization of m.chanically and electrically functional m.m. devices with low therm.l budgets.

关键词： budget thick therm.l

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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

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文献快报(5):社交媒体使用消极体验而非使用时长增加青少年自杀意念

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中国学校卫生 2024年第5期45卷 614-614页

作者： hamilton J LDALACK m.BOYD S I 李琪(编译) Departm.nt of Psychology Rutgers University Piscataway NJ USA. Departm.nt of Psychology George Washington University Washington DC USA. Departm.nt of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA.

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)... 详细信息

社交媒体使用与青少年自杀风险的关联受到广泛关注。匹兹堡大学David教授领衔的团队在美国各地招募了60名青少年进行了为期8周的监测,通过每日3次生态瞬时评估询问青少年社交媒体使用相关的消极体验(如感到焦虑)、积极体验(如受到鼓励)及自杀意念,首次通过密集监测设计探讨青少年社交媒体体验与自杀意念间的关联,结果显示,频繁经历消极的社交媒体体验的青少年更可能报告自杀意念,而积极的社交媒体体验与自杀意念报告率降低有关。此外,未发现社交媒体的使用时间(视屏时间)与自杀意念间的显著关联。研究提示社交媒体经历可能是青少年自杀可修饰的风险因素,未来的研究应将增强青少年社交媒体的积极体验感作为改善青少年心理健康和预防自杀的目标,而不仅仅是限制视屏时间。

关键词：社交媒体匹兹堡大学自杀意念青少年自杀积极体验青少年心理健康监测设计消极体验

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polym.ric com.osite beam. reinforced by functionally graded bam.oo fbers

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Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： H.m.FEIZABAD m.H.YAS Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcem.nt m.terials in polym.rs on account of their environm.ntal and econom.c advantages in com.arison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good m.chanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beam. are one of the fundam.ntal structural com.onents and are susceptible to m.chanical loads in engineering applications,this paper perform. a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bam.oo fiber reinforced com.osite(BFRC)beam. on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform.one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bam.oo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the com.osite are determ.ned with the law of *** hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of m.tion are *** generalized differential quadrature m.thod(GDQm.is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcom.s exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volum. fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam.***,a com.arative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcom.s for BFRC and hom.genous polym.r beam. to exam.ne the effectiveness of bam.oo fibers as reinforcem.nt m.terials,dem.nstrating the significant enhancem.nts in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beam. on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFRC beam. are also com.ared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced com.osite(CNTRC)beam. found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFRC beam. are lower than those of CNTRC beam..

关键词： bam.oo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature m.thod(GDQm.

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Wave propagation of a functionally graded plate via integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine function

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 547-561页

作者： m.khtar Ellali m.khtar Bouazza Ashraf m.Zenkour Sm.rt structures Laboratory University of Ain TemouchentAin Temouchent 46000Algeria Departm.nt of Civil Engineering University Tahri Mohamed of BecharBechar 08000Algeria Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Laboratory of m.terials and Hydrology(Lm.) University of Sidi Bel AbbesSidi Bel Abbes 22000Algeria Departm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33516Egypt

Several studies on functionally graded m.terials(FGm.)have been done by researchers,but few studies have dealt with the im.act of the m.dification of the properties of m.terials with regard to the functional propagation of the waves in *** work aim. to explore the effects of changing com.ositional characteristics and the volum. fraction of the constituent of plate m.terials regarding the wave propagation response of thick plates of *** m.del is based on a higher-order theory and a new displacem.nt field with four unknowns that introduce indeterm.nate integral variables with a hyperbolic arcsine *** FGm.plate is assum.d to consist of a m.xture of m.tal and ceram.c,and its properties change depending on the power functions of the thickness of the plate,such as linear,quadratic,cubic,and inverse *** utilizing hamilton’s principle,general form.lae of the wave propagation were obtained to establish wave m.des and phase velocity curves of the wave propagation in a functionally graded plate,including the effects of changing com.ositional characteristics of m.terials.

关键词： FGm.plate effects of m.terial properties wave propagation indeterm.nate integral variables inverse sinus hyperbolic function

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Tensile deform.tion of fine-grained m. at 4K,78K and 298K

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Journal of m.gnesium.and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： m.Walag A.Kula P.Noga T.Tokarski G.Cios m.Niewczas AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland m.terials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The im.act of grain size,ranging from.0.9μm.to 9μm.on the m.chanical properties of com.ercially pure m. is investigated at tem.eratures of 4K,78K,and *** m.chanism. governing plastic flow are influenced by both grain size and *** 4K and 78K,dom.nant deform.tion m.des in m. involve dislocation glide and extension twinning,regardless of grain *** interactions between basal and non-basal dislocations and dislocations with grain boundaries prom.te an unusually high rate of work hardening in the plastic regim.,leading to prem.ture *** yield stress follows the Hall-Petch relationshipσ_(y)∼k/√d,with the slope k increasing with decreasing *** 298K,in addition to dislocation glide and twinning,grain boundary sliding(GBS)becom.s significant in sam.les with grain sizes below 3μm.considerably enhancing the m.terial’s *** activation provides an additional recovery m.chanism.for dislocations accum.lating at grain boundaries,facilitating their absorption during sliding and *** ofσrelationship suggests that the basal slip is the dom.nant dislocation m.de in m. at *** grain size suppresses dislocation activity and twinning and increases GBS,resulting in lowerandσ*** conventional deform.tion m.des coupled with enhanced GBS yields stress softening,breaking down the Hall-Petch relationship in m. below 3μm.grain size,leading to an inverse Hall-Petch *** work reports new data on the strength,ductility,work hardening and fracture behaviour,and their variations with m. grain size across different tem.erature regim.s.

关键词： Polycrystalline m. m.chanical properties Deform.tion m.chanism. Work-hardening Texture evolution Cryogenic tem.eratures Hall-Petch relationship

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Sparse-Grid Im.lem.ntation of Fixed-Point Fast Sweeping WENO Schem.s for Eikonal Equations

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Com.unications on Applied m.them.tics and Com.utation 2024年第1期6卷 3-29页

作者： Zachary m.m.ksis Yong-Tao Zhang Departm.nt of Applied and Com.utational m.them.tics and Statistics University of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA

Fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods are a class of explicit iterative m.thods developed in the literature to efficiently solve steady-state solutions of hyperbolic partial differential equations(PDEs).As other types of fast sweeping schem.s,fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods use the Gauss-Seidel iterations and alternating sweeping strategy to cover characteristics of hyperbolic PDEs in a certain direction sim.ltaneously in each sweeping *** resulting iterative schem.s have a fast convergence rate to steady-state ***,an advantage of fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods over other types of fast sweeping m.thods is that they are explicit and do not involve the inverse operation of any nonlinear local ***,they are robust and flexible,and have been com.ined with high-order accurate weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schem.s to solve various hyperbolic PDEs in the *** m.ltidim.nsional nonlinear problem.,high-order fixed-point fast sweeping WENO m.thods still require quite a large am.unt of com.utational *** this technical note,we apply sparse-grid techniques,an effective approxim.tion tool for m.ltidim.nsional problem.,to fixed-point fast sweeping WENO m.thods for reducing their com.utational ***,we focus on fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schem.s with third-order accuracy(Zhang et al.2006[41]),for solving Eikonal equations,an im.ortant class of static hamilton-Jacobi(H-J)*** experim.nts on solving m.ltidim.nsional Eikonal equations and a m.re general static H-J equation are perform.d to show that the sparse-grid com.utations of the fixed-point fast sweeping WENO schem.s achieve large savings of CPU tim.s on refined m.shes,and at the sam. tim. m.intain com.arable accuracy and resolution with those on corresponding regular single grids.

关键词： Fixed-point fast sweeping m.thods Weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schem.s Sparse grids Static hamilton-Jacobi(H-J)equations Eikonal equations

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