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Pilot Test of the Permeable Reactive Barrier for Removing Uranium from the Flooded Gunnar Pit

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第7期8卷 155-176页

作者： Dexu Kong Lesley McGilp Alexey Klyashtorin ian wilson Lee D. wilson Saskatchewan Research Council 125-15 Innovation Boulevard Saskatoon Canada Department of Chemistry University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place Saskatoon Canada

This work reports on applying iron oxide coated sand (IOCS) media in an experimental permeable reactive barrier to remove uranium (U) species from uranium containing water. A field study was conducted at the legacy Gunnar uranium mine & mill site that was abandoned in the 1960s with limited to no decommissioning. The flooded Gunnar mine pit presently contains about 3.2 million m3 of water contaminated by dissolved U (1.2 mg/L), Ra-226 (0.4 Bq/L), and minor concentrations of other contaminants (As, Se, etc.). The water is seeping over the pit rim into Lake Athabasca, posing potential environmental and health concerns. IOCS media can be used to immobilize uranium species through an adsorption process. Herein, the preparation of hydrous ferric oxide sorbents and their supported forms onto silica sands is described. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD) were used for structural characterization. The adsorption properties of the IOCS sorbent media were modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, where a maximum uranium uptake capacity was estimated. Bench-scale adsorption kinetic experiments were also performed before moving to a field trial. Based on these lab results and input on field-scale parameters, a pilot permeable reactive barrier was fabricated and a field test conducted near the Gunnar pit in June 2019. This pilot test provided technical data and information needed for designing a full-scale permeable barrier that employs the IOCS media. This approach can be applied for in-situ water treatment at Gunnar and other legacy uranium sites.

关键词： Adsorption Breakthrough Iron Oxide Coated Sand Permeable Reactive Barrier Uranium Species

Structural basis of human H7N9 influenza virus neutralization by human antibody H7.167

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Structural basis of human H7N9 influenza virus neutralizatio...

Crystal structure of the post-fusion core of the Human coronavirus 229E spike protein at 1.86 ? Resolution

第五届中国结构生物学学术讨论会

作者： Heng Zhang Yu-Hui Dong ian A.wilson Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology The Scripps Research Institute

An outbreak of avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus has occurred in China since March 2013 and caused hundreds of human-infection cases worldwide. The hemagglutinin（HA） of influenza viruses is the major surface glycoprotein facilitating virus entry and infection of host cells and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. The naturally occurring human monoclonal antibody H7.167 was isolated from the memory B cells of human infected with H7N9 vaccine strain（A/Shanghai/02/2013, Sh2/H7） and exhibited efficient neutralization activity against influenza H7 strains. Here, we report the crystal structure of H7.167 Fab in complex with Sh2/H7 HA and provide the structural basis of H7.167 neutralization specialty for H7 subtype. H7.167 targets a highly conserved epitope adjacent to the receptor-binding site（RBS） using its complementarity-determining regions（CDRs） through a series of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. The heavy chain appears to bind to the residues including R131, and N157 to N158 B close to 150-loop, 130-loop and 190-helix that constitute the RBS, while the light chain appears to bind additional residues, including F161, S187, K200 and N248, which are distant from the RBS. The contacting residues in H7 HA, including the insertion of residues D158 A and N158 B in the 150-loop, differ remarkably from the corresponding residues in H1/H2/H3/H5 HAs. Moreover, the 150-loop has a unique conformation in H7 HA compared with other subtype HA, where N157 and N158 B are key residues responsible for the neutralization activity of the antibody. These remarkable structural characters are likely associated with the particular specificity of H7.167 neutralization for H7. This identified epitope in the HA RBS may be of use in design of novel immunogens for development of H7 vaccines or small-molecule therapeutics to block transmission of H7 avian flu to humans.

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Crystal structure of the post-fusion core of the Human coron...

The effects of data aggregation on long-term projections of forest stands development

中国生物化学与分子生物学会第十二届全国会员代表大会暨2018年全国学术会议

作者： Lei Yan Bing Meng Jiangchao Xiang ian A.wilson Bei Yang Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies ShanghaiTech University School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute

Human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E) usually causes mild upper respiratory infections in heathy adults,but may lead to severe complications or mortality in individuals with weakened immune *** entry of HCoV-229 E is mediated by its spike(S) protein,where the S1 domain facilitates attachment to host cells and the S2 domain is involved in subsequent fusion of the virus and host *** the fusion process,two heptad repeats,HR1 and HR2,in the S2 domain assemble into a six-helix membrane-fusion structure termed the fusion ***,the complete fusion-core structure of HCoV-229 E is presented at 1.86 ? resolution,representing the most complete post-fusion conformation thus far among published human alpha-coronavirus(α-HCoV) fusion-core *** overall structure of the HCoV-229 E fusion-core is similar to those of SARS,MERS and HCoV-NL63,but the packing of its 3 HR1 core differs from those of SARS and MERS in that it contains more noncanonical ‘x’ and ‘da’ ***-by-side electrostatic surface comparisons reveal that the electrostatic surface potentials are opposite in α-HCoVs and β-HCoVs at certain positions and that the HCoV-229 E surface also appears to be the most hydrophobic among the various *** addition to the highly conserved hydrophobic interactions between HR1 and HR2,some polar and electrostatic interactions are also well preserved across different *** study adds to the structural profiling of HCoVs to aid in the structure-based design of pan-coronavirus small molecules or peptides to inhibit viral fusion.

关键词： Coronavirus HCoVs-229E spike protein post-fusion core x-ray structure

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 381-389页

作者： Kobra Maleki Rasmus Astrup Nicolas Cattaneo wilson Lara Henao Clara Anton-Fernandez Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Division of Forestry and Forest ResourcesP.O.Box 115ÅsNO-1431Norway

Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient *** the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand *** the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand *** results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation ***,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single *** differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous *** conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.

关键词： Growth and yield models Dominant species Norway spruce Scots pine Broadleaves Forest resource map Stand variability

Optimization of gas lift system for well performance improvement in Asmari formation:A techno-economic perspective

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 115-124页

作者： Hari Sreenivasan Jash Patel Dev Jain Setu Patel Isaac wilson Shanker Krishna Drilling Cementing&Stimulation(DCS)Research CentreDepartment of Petroleum EngineeringSchool of Energy Technology(SoET)Pandit Deendayal Energy University(PDEU)Knowledge CorridorRaysanGandhinagarGujarat382426India

Well productivity in the Asmari carbonate formation of southwest Iran has decreased in recent years as a result of production *** production rate must be maintained below 1500 STB/day to prevent water *** this study,a gas lift well is modeled using data from one of the producing wells of this *** analysis is performed using lift-gas injection rates and wellhead pressures at different reservoir pressures and water cut conditions to optimize *** aspects are considered to optimize the artificial gas injection rates at different tubing head pressures and water cut *** the lift-gas injection rate from 0.4 MMscf/day to 1 MMscf/day enhances the oil production rate by 37.71%and 43.89%for 10%and 30%water cut conditions,*** injection rates of 5.2 MMscf/day and 5.4 MMscf/day are determined to be economically optimal for 30%water cut with tubing head pressures of 260 psig and 270 psig,respectively.

关键词： Production enhancement Artificial lift Gas lift Asmari carbonate formation Techno-economic analysis Well productivity

Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John G.INNES Grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan WALKER Deborah J.wilson Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHRA CHANDRA JENNIFER C.wilson DAVID GOOD MING Q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute Queensland(MHIQ) Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA sequences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of COVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine Delivery system mRNA

A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zhengping DU John wilson Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO Shuangyan HUANG Chenghu ZHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) together. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

Nucleation of Supercooled Water by Neutrons: Latitude Dependence and Implications for Cloud Modelling

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 221-232页

作者： Peter W. wilson Elizabeth wilson-Park Abraham G. wilson Department of Physics The University at Albany SUNY Albany USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego USA Philanthropy Australia Sydney Australia The King’ s Institute The King&#8217s School Parramatta Australia

It has recently been shown that incident particles, neutrons, can initiate the freezing in a supercooled water volume. This new finding may have ramifications for the interpretation of both experimental data on the nucleation of laboratory samples of supercooled water and perhaps more importantly on the interpretation of ice nucleation involved in cloud physics. For example, if some fraction of the cloud nucleation previously attributed to dust, soot, or aerosols has been caused by cosmogenic neutrons, fresh consideration is required in the context of climate models. Moreover, as cosmogenic neutrons, most being muon-induced, have much greater flux at high latitudes, estimates of ice nucleates in these regions may be larger than required to accurately model cloud and condensation properties. This discrepancy has been pointed out in IPCC reports. Our paper discusses the connection between the new concept of neutrons nucleating supercooled water and the need for a new source of nucleation in high latitude clouds, ideally causing others to review current data, or to analyse future data with this idea in mind. .

关键词： Climate Models Ice Nucleation Neutrons Supercooling