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Stable isotope analysis of diet confirms niche separation of two sympatric species of Namib Desert lizard

Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 60-75页

作者： ian w.murray Hilary M.LEASE Robyn S.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Andrea FULLER Stephan wOODBORNE Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Biology Department Whitman CollegeWalla WallaWashingtonUSA iThemba Laboratories GautengSouth Africa Stable Isotope Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to study the trophic niche of two species of insectivorous lizards,the Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis and Bradfield’s Namib day gecko living sympatrically in the Namib *** measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in lizard blood tissues with different turnover times(whole blood,red blood cells and plasma)to investigate lizard diet in different *** also measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in available arthropod prey and plant tissues on the site,to identify the avenues of nutrient movement between lizards and their *** the use of stable isotope mixing models,we found that the two lizard species relied on a largely non-overlapping but seasonally variable array of arthropods:*** primarily fed on termites,beetles and wasps,while *** fed mainly on ants,wasps and *** originating from C3 plants were proportionally higher for *** than for *** during autumn and late autumn/early winter,although not *** to the few available data estimating the trophic transfer of nutrients in ectotherms in mixed C3 and C4/crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)plant landscapes,we found that our lizard species primarily acquired nutrients that originated from C4/CAM *** work adds an important dimension to the general lack of studies using stable isotope analyses to estimate lizard niche partitioning and resource use.

关键词： Namib Desert niche partitioning Pedioplanis Rhoptropus stable isotopes

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Correlation of MRI-determined small bowel Crohn’s disease categories with medical response and surgical pathology

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3367-3375页

作者： ian Craig Lawrance Christopher J welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Gastroenterology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle Hospital WA 6160 Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Western AustraliaWA 6160 Australia

AIM: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to categorize small bowel Crohn's disease (SB CD) into groups that correlate with response to medical therapy and surgical ***: Data was collected from all patients with MRI evidence of SB CD without significant colonic disease over a 32-mo period. Two radiologists, blinded to clinical findings, evaluated each MRI and grouped them based on bowel wall thickness and wall enhancement. These categories were: (1) "fibrosis", (2) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and mild wall thickening", (3) "mild segmental hyper-enhancement and marked wall thickening", (4) "marked segmental transmural hyper-enhancement". Patient response to additional medical therapy post-MRI was prospectively determined at 8-wk. Non-responders underwent endoscopy and were offered therapeutic endoscopy or surgery. Surgical pathology was assessed against the MRI category. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included. Females and category "2" patients were more likely, and patients with luminal narrowing and hold-up less likely, to respond to medical therapy (P went surgery. The surgical pathologicalfindings of fibrosis and the severity of inflammation correlated with the MRI category in all ***: Our fi ndings suggest that SB CD can be grouped by the MRI f indings and that these groups are associated with patients more likely to respond to continued medical therapy. The MRI categories also correlated with the presence and level of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis on surgical pathology, and may be of prognostic use in the management of CD patients.

关键词：病理反应 MRI 小肠外科医疗

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Small bowel MRI enteroclysis or follow through:which is optimal?

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第42期15卷 5300-5306页

作者： ian C Lawrance Christopher J welman Peter Shipman Kevin murray School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Department of Radiology Fremantle HospitalWA 6160Australia Statistical Consulting Group School of Mathe-matics and StatisticsUniversity of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia

AIM:To determine if a nasojejunal tube(NJT) is required for optimal examination of enteroclysis and if patients can be examined only in the supine ***:Data were collected from all patients undergoing small bowel(SB) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) examination over a 32-mo *** either underwent a magnetic resonance(MR) follow-through(MRFT) or a MR enteroclysis(MRE) in the supine *** quality of proximal and distal SB distension as well as the presence of motion artefact and image quality were assessed by 2 ***:One hundred and fourteen MR studies were undertaken(MRFT-49,MRE-65) in 108 patients in the supine position *** artefact was more frequent in MRE than in MRFT(29.2% vs 18.4%) ,but was not statistically significant(P = 0.30) .Adequate distension of the distal SB was obtained in 97.8% of MRFT examinations and in 95.4% of MRE examinations,*** SB distension was,however,less frequently optimal in MRFT than in MRE(P = 0.0036) ,particularly in patients over the age of 50 years(P = 0.0099) .Image quality was good in all ***:All patients could be successfully imaged in the supine *** and MRFT are equivalent for distal SB distension and artefact *** SB distension is frequently less optimal in MRFT than in *** is,therefore,the preferred MR examination method of the SB.

关键词：磁共振成像灌肠小肠图像质量人工制品 MRI 核磁共振保安

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Glycogen and amyloid-beta: key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer's disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1023-1025页

作者： Britanny Bass Sarah Upson Kamolika Roy Emily L.Montgomery Tuula O.Jalonen ian V.J.murray Department of Physiology and Neuroscience St.George’s University School of Medicine

Introduction：Alzheimer’s disease（AD）begins to develop decades prior to its clinical manifestation（Sperling et al.,2011）,and while it is the most common form of dementia,as of yet there is no *** of the most researched pathological features contributing to disease development are the extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-beta proteins（Aβ）and neurofibrillary tangles of tau *** feature of AD is the progression of early neuronal excitability/hyperactivity to silencing/hypoactivity（Palop and Mucke,2010）,

关键词： Glycogen and amyloid-beta key players in the shift from neuronal hyperactivity to hypoactivity observed in Alzheimer’s disease

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Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17352-17359页

作者： Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi Edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte Mark ian Hamilton Charles Daniel murray Centre for Gastroenterology Royal Free HospitalLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant Universita’ degli Studi di Milano20122 MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Fondazione IRCCS Ca' GrandaOspedale Maggiore Policlinico20122 MilanoItaly Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Liver and Digestive HealthLondon NW3 2PFUnited Kingdom

Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)*** optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of *** some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver *** searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;*** to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual ***-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver *** to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate *** algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of ***,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Tumour necrosis factor

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