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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第7期13卷 636-638页

作者： Satish Ramkumar Hashrul N Rashid Sarah Zaman Liam McCormick Robert Gooley Damon Jackson ian t meredith MonashHEARt Monash Health Melbourne Victoria Australia Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia

Surgical aortic valve replacement （AVR） is associated with very high peri-operative risk in the nonagenarian populationflI Patients with severe aortic stenosis treated conservatively have high rates of mortality with poor quality of life and loss of independence. transcatheter aortic valve replacement （tAVR） has been validated in the high risk elderly population as a viable alternative to surgery with comparable outcomes.

关键词： Aortic valve replacement Nonagenarian patients transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Natural variation in linalool metabolites:One genetic locus,many functions?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第8期63卷 1416-1421页

作者： Jun He Rayko Halitschke ian t.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman National Citrus Engineering Research Center Citrus Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing400712 China Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJena07745 Germany Departments of Geography and Chemistry University of ZürichZürich8057 Switzerland

the ubiquitous volatile linalool is metabolized in plants to nonvolatile *** studied Nicotiana attenuata plants which naturally vary in(S)-(+)-linalool contents,and lines engineered to produce either(R)-(-)-or(S)-(+)-***(S)-(+)-linalool production was associated with slower growth of a generalist herbivore,and a large fraction was present as nonvolatile *** found that variation in volatile linalool and its nonvolatile glycosides mapped to the same genetic locus which harbored the biosynthetic gene,NaLIS,but that free linalool varied more in environmental *** study reveals how(S)-(+)-linalool and conjugates differ in their regulation and possible functions in resistance.

关键词： conjugated linalool Nicotiana attenuata Spodoptera littoralis

Sex ratio of mirid populations shifts in response to hostplant co-infestation or altered cytokinin signaling

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第1期59卷 44-59页

作者： Nora Adam theresa Erler Mario Kallenbach Martin Kaltenpoth Grit Kunert ian t.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Deutscher Platz5e 04103 Leipzig Germany Max Planck Research Group Insect Symbiosis Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Straβe 8 07745 Jena Germany

Herbivore species sharing a host plant often compete. In this study, we show that host plant-mediated interaction between two insect herbivores-a generalist and a specialist-results in a sex ratio shift of the specialist＇s offspring. We studied demographic parameters of the specialist tupiocoris notatus（Hemiptera： Miridae）when co-infesting the host plant Nicotiana attenuata（Solanaceae） with the generalist leafhopper Empoasca sp.（Hemiptera： Cicadellidae）. We show that the usually female-biased sex ratio of t. notatus shifts toward a higher male proportion in the offspring on plants coinfested by Empoasca sp. this sex ratio change did not occur after oviposition, nor is it due differential mortality of female and male nymphs. Based on pyrosequencing and PCR of bacterial 16 S rRNA amplicons, we concluded that sex ratio shifts were unlikely to be due to infection with Wolbachia or other known sex ratio-distorting endosymbionts. Finally, we used transgenic lines of *** to evaluate if the sex ratio shift could be mediated by changes in general or specialized host plant metabolites. We found that the sex ratio shift occurred on plants deficient in two cytokinin receptors（irCHK2/3）.thus, cytokinin-regulated traits can alter the offspring sex ratio of the specialist ***.

关键词： Empoasca populations specialist offspring Hemiptera altered Nicotiana specialized Solanaceae transgenic

the circadian clock contributes to diurnal patterns of plant indirect defense in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第8期61卷 924-928页

作者： Youngsung Joo Jay K.Goldberg Lucille t.S.Chretien Sang-Gyu Kim ian t.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany Department of Biology Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon(ENS L)46 Allee d'ltalie69007 LyonFrance Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyYuseong-guDaejeon 34141South Korea Department of Biology Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte(IRBI) UMR 7261CNRS/Universite Francois-Rabelais de ToursAvenue MongeParc Grandmont37200 ToursFrance Laboratory of Entomology(WUR) Wageningen University and Research CentreDroevendaalsesteeg 1Building 107/W0.Aa.0816708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 Zurich

the plant circadian clock regulates the rhythms of plant *** herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)fluctuate,diurnally,but the role of the circadian clock in the emission of HIPVs and their ecological consequences remains largely ***,we show that the timing of herbivore attack can alter the outcome of tri-trophic interactions,and this is mediated by the circadian clock,under both field and glasshouse *** most HIPV emissions did not have a circadian rhythm,the circadian clock modulated HIPV emissions in a time-dependent *** mediate tri-trophic interactions,and the circadian clock may affect these interactions by modulating HIPV emission in nature.

关键词： herbivore glasshouse circadian rhythm

Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第3期60卷 190-194页

作者： ran li meredith c.schuman yang wang lucas cortes llorca julia bing anne bennion rayko halitschke ian t.baldwin department of molecular ecology max planck institute for chemical ecologyHans-Knoll-StraBe 8D-07745 JenaGermany department of microbiology and molecular biology brigham young university4007BLSBProvoUT 84602USA

Flowers are required for the Darwinian fitness of flowering plants, but flowers＇ advertisements for pollination services can attract florivores. Previous glasshouse work with Nicotiana attenuata revealed the role of jasmonate （JA） signaling in flower development, advertisement and defense. However, whether JA signaling mediates flowers＇ filtering of floral visitors in nature remained unknown. this field study revealed that silencing JA signaling resulted in flowers that produce less nectar and benzyl acetone, two pollinatorattractive traits. Meanwhile, flowers of defenseless plants were highly attacked by a suite of native herbivores, and damage to buds in native plants correlated negatively with their JA-lle levels.

关键词： EV JA Figure Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature

Prickly pairs: the proportion of spinescent species does not differ between islands and mainlands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 941-948页

作者： Floret L.meredith Marianne L.tindall Frank A.Hemmings Angela t.Moles Evolution and Ecology Research Centre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSW 2052Australia John t.Waterhouse Herbarium School of BiologyEarth and Environmental SciencesUNSW AustraliaSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Aims Organisms on islands are thought to escape biotic pressure and lose defensive ***,broadscale,evidence-based tests of this idea are *** this study,we asked:(i)whether the proportion of spinescent plant species differed between islands and mainlands and(ii)whether the proportion of spinescent species increased with increasing island area and with decreasing island distance to *** We compiled species lists for 18 island–mainland pairs around *** classified 1129 plant species as spinescent or nonspinescent using published species *** Findings there was no significant difference between the proportion of spinescent species found on islands and on *** of spinescent species were not significantly related to island area or distance to *** results suggest that spinescence is just as important to island plants as it is to mainland plants,even for plants inhabiting small or distal *** is unexpected,given prevailing thought and previous work on island–mainland *** study demonstrates the importance of testing well-accepted yet untested ideas.

关键词： herbivory island biogeography theory physical defence plant community plant defence prickles thorns

Shifting Nicotiana attenuata's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第7期58卷 656-668页

作者： Jasmin Herden Stefan Meldau Sang-Gyu Kim Grit Kunert Youngsung Joo lan t.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany Department of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoell-Strasse 807745 JenaGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) DeutscherPlatz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Ecology Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitatsstrasse lOD 78457 KonstanzGermany KWS SAAt AG Grimsehlstrasse 31Postfach 146337555 EinbeckGermany Center for Genome Engineering Institute of Basic ScienceDaejeonKorea

Arabidopsis thaliana plants are less resistant to attack by the generalist lepidopteran herbivore trichoplusia ni when plants and herbivores are entrained to opposite, versus identical diurnal cycles and tested under constant conditions. this effect is associated with circadian fluctuations in levels of jasmonic acid, the transcription factor MYC2, and glucosinolate contents in leaves. We tested whether a similar effect could be observed in a different plant-herbivore system： the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and its co-evolved specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta. We measured larval growth on plants under both constant and diurnal conditions following identical or opposite entrainment, profiled the metabolome of attacked leaf tissue, quantified specific metabolites known to reduce M. sexta growth, and monitored A/I. sexta feeding activity under all experimental conditions. Entrainment did not consistently affect NI. sexta growth or plant defense induction. However, both were reduced under constant dark conditions,as was M. sexta feeding activity. Our data indicate that the response induced by NI. sexta in N. attenuata is robust to diurnal cues and independent of plant or herbivore entrain- ment. We propose that while the patterns of constitutive or general damage-induced defense may undergo circadian fluctuation, the orchestration of specific induced responses is more complex.

关键词： Circadian clock diurnal rhythm Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenuate plant-herbivore interactions

NaMYB8 regulates distinct,optimally distributed herbivore defense traits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第12期59卷 844-850页

作者： Martin Schafer Christoph Brutting Shuqing Xu Zhihao Ling Anke Steppuhn lan t.Baldwin meredith C.Schuman Department of Molecular Ecology Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical EcologyHans-Knoll-Str.807745 JenaGermany Molecular Ecology Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences(DCPS)Institute of BiologyFreie Universitat(FU)BerlinHaderslebener Str.912163 BerlinGermany

When herbivores attack, plants specifically reconfigure their metabolism. Herbivory on the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata strongly induces the R2R3 MYB transcriptional activator MYB8, which was reported to specifically regulate the accumulation of phenolamides （PAs）. We discovered that transcriptional regulation of trypsin protease inhibitors （tPIs） and a threonine deaminase （tD） also depend on MYB8 expression. Induced distributions of PAs, tD and tPIs all meet predictions of optimal defense theory： their leaf concentrations increase with the fitness value and the probability of attack of the tissue. therefore, we suggest that these defensive compounds have evolved to be co-regulated by MYB8.

关键词： Figure tPI NaMYB8 regulates distinct,optimally distributed herbivore defense traits

Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第8期11卷 619-637页

作者： Kandy t Velázquez Reilly t Enos Jackie E Bader Alexander t Sougiannis meredith S Carson Ioulia Chatzistamou James A Carson Prakash S Nagarkatti Mitzi Nagarkatti E Angela Murphy Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29209 United States College of Health Professions University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis TN 38163 United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments. AIM to characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD. MEtHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD)(14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular *** Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance

关键词： High-fat diet Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Gut microbiome Endoplasmic reticulum stress Inflammation Fibrosis

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Push-button English

大学英语 1985年第5期 33-34页

作者： John meredith-Parry 赵琏

Very soon a computer will be able to teach you English. It will also be able to translate any language for you too. It’s just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors-those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as‘silicon chips’. So give up going to classes, stop buying more textbooks and relax. In a couple of years you won’t need the international language of English.

关键词：英国广播公司 Push-button English BBC