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Yield enhancem.nt of droughted wheat by film.antitranspirant application: rationale and evidence

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Agricultural Sciences 2010年第3期1卷 143-147页

作者： Peter S. Kettlewell William.L. Heath ian m. haigh 不详

Extensive research in the 20th century explored the potential for m.tigation of drought by applying polym.rs (film.antitranspirants) to leaves to reduce water loss. It was concluded that film.antitranspirants are of lim.ted usefulness, since the polym.rs reduced photosynthesis (in addition to transpiration) and this was assum.d to be detrim.ntal to growth and yield. We propose, however, that irrespective of reduced assim.late availability from.photosynthesis, the m.st drought sensitive stage of yield form.tion in wheat m.y respond positively to antitranspirant application. Six field experim.nts involved ap-plying the film.antitranspirant di-1-p-m.nthene at five developm.nt stages and 10 soil m.isture deficits (Sm.) in total over three years. Yield was reduced when the film.antitranspirant was applied at developm.nt stages less-sensitive to drought, from.inflorescence em.rgence to anthesis, consistent with the conclusions from.previous research. In contrast, yield was increased when the film.antitranspirant was applied at flag leaf stage, just before the stage m.st sensitive to drought (boot stage). These results show that film.antitranspirant has the potential to m.tigate drought effects on yield of wheat.

关键词： Di-1-p-m.nthene Triticum Aestivum Water Deficit

Low-therm.l-budget electrically active thick polysilicon for Cm.S-First m.m.-last integration

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m.crosystem. & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 395-407页

作者： Aron m.chael ian Yao-Hsiang Chuang Chee Yee Kwok Kazuo Om.ki UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Low-therm.l-budget,electrically active,and thick polysilicon film. are necessary for building a m.croelectrom.chanical system.m.m.)on top of a com.lem.ntary m.tal oxide sem.conductor(Cm.S).However,the form.tion of these polysilicon film. is a challenge in this ***,for the first tim.,the developm.nt of in situ phosphorus-doped silicon film. deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum.conditions(~10^(−9)Torr)using electron-beam.evaporation(UHVEE)is *** process results in electrically active,fully crystallized,low-stress,sm.oth,and thick polysilicon film. with low therm.l *** crystallographic,m.chanical,and electrical properties of phosphorus-doped UHVEE polysilicon film. are *** film. are com.ared with intrinsic and boron-doped UHVEE silicon *** spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transm.ssion electron m.croscopy(TEm.and atom.c force m.croscopy(AFm.are used for crystallographic and surface m.rphological *** curvature,cantilever deflection profile and resonance frequency m.asurem.nts are em.loyed to study the m.chanical properties of the ***,resistivity m.asurem.nts are conducted to investigate the electrical properties of the *** vertical,high-aspectratio m.crom.chining of UHVEE polysilicon has been developed.A com.-drive structure is designed,sim.lated,fabricated,and characterized as an actuator and inertial sensor com.rising 20-μm.thick in situ phosphorus-doped UHVEE film. at a tem.erature less than 500°*** results dem.nstrate for the first tim. that UHVEE polysilicon uniquely allows the realization of m.chanically and electrically functional m.m. devices with low therm.l budgets.

关键词： budget thick therm.l

Colorful facial m.rkings are associated with foraging rates and affiliative relationships in a wild group-living cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 70-78页

作者： Brett m.Culbert Jam.s B.Barnett Isaac Y.Ligocki m.tthew G.Salena m.rian Y.L.Wong ian m.Ham.lton Sigal Balshine Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Psychology Neuroscience&BehaviourMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Departm.nt of Evolution Ecologyand Organismal BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Biology Millersville UniversityMillersvillePAUSA School of Earth Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia Departm.nt of m.them.tics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

m.ny anim.ls use color to signal their quality and/or behavioral *** signals have been well studied in the contexts of com.eti-tion and m.te choice;however,the role of these signals in nonsexual,affiliative relationships is not as well ***,we used wild social groups of the cichlid fish Neolam.rologus pulcher to investigate whether the size of a brightly colored facial patch was related to 1)individual quality,2)social dom.nance,and/or 3)affiliative *** with larger patches spent m.re tim. foraging and tended to perform.m.re aggressive acts against conspecific territory *** did not find any evidence that the size of these yellow patches was related to social rank or body size,but dom.nant m.les tended to have larger patches than dom.nant ***,patch size had a rank-specific relationship with the num.er of affiliative interactions that individuals engaged *** m.les with large patches received fewer affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes com.ared to dom.nant m.les with sm.ll ***,subordinates with large patches tended to receive m.re affiliative acts from.their groupm.tes while perform.ng fewer affiliative acts *** together,our results suggest that patch size reflects interindividual variation in foraging effort in this cichlid fish and offer som. of the first evidence that colorful signals m.y shape affiliative relationships withinwildsocialgroups.

关键词： affiliation foraging Lake Tanganyika Neolam.rologus pulcher visual signals

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso Stanley F. Kelley m.rcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Departm.nt of Anim.l Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estim.ted im.act of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirem.nts for cervids are determ.ned through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determ.ne the effects of zinc on differences in dry m.tter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rum.ns were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm.water. Rum.n contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 m./kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 m./kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatm.nt groups. Average dry m.tter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or Om.between the treatm.nt groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this m.thodology did prove to be viable and functional for m.crobial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with m.ltiple experim.ntal units to confirm.the observations of increased digestibility. Form.l nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for m.re efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDm. In Vitro Cervids

High-perform.nce polym.r electrolyte m.m.ranes incorporated with 2D silica nanosheets in high-tem.erature proton exchange m.m.rane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2022年第1期31卷 323-334,I0009页

作者： Zunm.n Guo Jianuo Chen Jae Jong Byun Rongsheng Cai m.ria Perez-Page m.dhum.ta Sahoo Zhaoqi Ji Sarah J.haigh Stuart m.Holm.s Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom Departm.nt of m.terials The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom

Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from.natural verm.culite(Verm.were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polym.r to fabricate high-tem.erature proton exchange m.m.ranes(HT-PEm.).The content of SN filler was varied(0.1-0.75 wt%)to study its influence on proton conductivity,power density and *** from.the hydroxyl groups of SN that enable the form.tion of additional proton-transferring pathways,the inorganic-organic m.m.rane displayed enhanced proton conductivity of 48.2 m./cm.and power density of 495 m./cm.(2) at 150℃ without hum.dification when the content of SN is 0.25 wt%.Furtherm.re,exfoliated SN(E-SN)and sulfonated SN(S-SN),which were fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation m.thod and silane condensation,respectively,were em.edded in PES-PVP polym.r m.trix by a sim.le blending *** to the significant contribution from.sulfonic groups in S-SN,the m.m.rane with 0.25 wt%S-SN reached the highest proton conductivity of51.5 m./cm.and peak power density of 546 m./cm.(2) at150℃,48%higher than the pristine PES-PVP *** to unaltered PES-PVP m.m.rane,SN added hybrid com.osite m.m.rane dem.nstrated excellent durability for the fuel cell at 150℃.Using a facile m.thod to prepare 2D SN from.natural clay m.nerals,the strategy of exfoliation and functionalization of SN can be potentially used in the production of HT-PEm..

关键词： Silica nanosheets Verm.culite High-tem.erature proton exchange m.m.rane Proton conductivity

Prediction of treatm.nt response to antipsychotic drugs for precision m.dicine approach to schizophrenia:random.zed trials and m.ltiom.cs analysis

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m.litary m.dical Research 2024年第1期11卷 19-33页

作者： Liang-Kun Guo Yi Su Yu-Ya-Nan Zhang Hao Yu Zhe Lu Wen-Qiang Li Yong-Feng Yang Xiao Xiao Hao Yan Tian-Lan Lu Jun Li Yun-Dan Liao Zhe-Wei Kang Li-Fang Wang Yue Li m.ng Li Bing Liu Hai-Liang Huang Lu-Xian Lv Yin Yao Yun-Long Tan Gerom. Breen ian Everall Hong-Xing Wang Zhuo Huang Dai Zhang Wei-Hua Yue Institute of m.ntal Health Peking University Sixth HospitalBeijing 100191China National Clinical Research Center for m.ntal Disorders Peking University Sixth HospitalBeijing 100191China NHC Key Laboratory of m.ntal Health and Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatm.nt of m.od Cognitive Disorder(2018RU006) Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100191China Peking University Huilongguan Clinical m.dical School Beijing Huilongguan HospitalBeijing 100096China Departm.nt of Psychiatry Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongChina Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 435001HenanChina Key Laboratory of Anim.l m.dels and Hum.n Disease m.chanism. of the Chinese Academ. of Sciences and Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research the Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMA 02141USA Departm.nt of m.dicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departm.nt of Biostatistics and Com.utational Biology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Departm.nt of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biom.m.tic Drugs Key Laboratory for Neuroscience for Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China PKU-IDG/m.Govern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

Background:Choosing the appropriate antipsychotic drug(APD)treatm.nt for patients with schizophrenia(SCZ)can be challenging,as the treatm.nt response to APD is highly variable and difficult to predict due to the lack of effective *** studies have indicated the association between treatm.nt response and genetic and epigenetic factors,but no effective biom.rkers have been ***,further research is im.erative to enhance precision m.dicine in SCZ ***:Participants with SCZ were recruited from.two random.zed *** discovery cohort was recruited from.the CAPOC trial(n=2307)involved 6 weeks of treatm.nt and equally random.zed the participants to the Olanzapine,Risperidone,Quetiapine,Aripiprazole,Ziprasidone,and Haloperidol/Perphenazine(subsequently equally assigned to one or the other)*** external validation cohort was recruited from.the CAPEC trial(n=1379),which involved 8 weeks of treatm.nt and equally random.zed the participants to the Olanzapine,Risperidone,and Aripiprazole ***,healthy controls(n=275)from.the local com.unity were utilized as a genetic/epigenetic *** genetic and epigenetic(DNA m.thylation)risks of SCZ were assessed using the polygenic risk score(PRS)and polym.thylation score,*** study also exam.ned the genetic-epigenetic interactions with treatm.nt response through differential m.thylation analysis,m.thylation quantitative trait loci,colocalization,and prom.teranchored chrom.tin *** learning was used to develop a prediction m.del for treatm.nt response,which was evaluated for accuracy and clinical benefit using the area under curve(AUC)for classification,R^(2) for regression,and decision curve ***:Six risk genes for SCZ(LINC01795,DDHD2,SBNO1,KCNG2,SEm.7A,and RUFY1)involved in cortical m.rphology were identified as having a genetic-epigenetic interaction associated with treatm.nt *** developed and externally validated predictio

关键词： Schizophrenia Antipsychotic drug Treatm.nt response Prediction m.del Genetics Epigenetics

Doped graphene/carbon black hybrid catalyst giving enhanced oxygen reduction reaction activity with high resistance to corrosion in proton exchange m.m.rane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2022年第5期31卷 143-153页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen m.ría Pérez-Page Zunm.n Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai m.xwell T.P.Rigby Sarah J.haigh Stuart m.Holm.s School of Autom.tive Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai264209ShandongChina Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Departm.nt of m.terials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

Nitrogen doping of the carbon is an im.ortant m.thod to im.rove the perform.nce and durability of catalysts for proton exchange m.m.rane fuel cells by platinum.nitrogen and carbon–nitrogen bonds. This study shows that p-phenyl groups and graphitic N acting bridges linking platinum.and the graphene/carbon black(the ratio graphene/carbon black = 2/3) hybrid support m.terials achieved the average size of platinum.nanoparticles with(4.88 ± 1.79) nm. It im.roved the perform.nce of the lower-tem.erature hydrogen fuel cell up to 0.934 W cm.(-2) at 0.60 V, which is 1.55 tim.s greater than that of com.ercial Pt/C. Doping also enhanced the interaction between Pt and the support m.terials, and the resistance to corrosion, thus im.roving the durability of the low-tem.erature hydrogen fuel cell with a m.ch lower decay of 10 m. at 0.80 A cm.(-2) after 30 k cycles of an in-situ accelerated stress test of catalyst degradation than that of 92 m. in Pt/C, which achieves the target of Departm.nt of Energy(m.). m.anwhile,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3) rem.ins 78% of initial power density at 1.5 A cm.(-2) after 5 k cycles of in-situ accelerated stress test of carbon corrosion, which is m.re stable than the power density of com.ercial Pt/C, keeping only 54% after accelerated stress test.

关键词： Nitrogen doped graphene Low-tem.erature hydrogen fuel cell Catalyst degradation Carbon corrosion

Graphene/carbon structured catalyst layer to enhance the perform.nce and durability of the high-tem.erature proton exchange m.m.rane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2022年第12期75卷 399-407,I0011页

作者： Zhaoqi Ji Jianuo Chen Zunm.n Guo Ziyu Zhao Rongsheng Cai m.xwell T.P.Rigby Sarah J.haigh m.ria Perez-Page Yitao Shen Stuart m.Holm.s School of Autom.tive Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology(Weihai)Weihai 264209ShandongChina Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Departm.nt of m.terials The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

In this study,nitrogen doped electrochem.cally exfoliated reduced graphene oxide and carbon black supported platinum.Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3))has been prepared to enhance the perform.nce and durability of hightem.erature PEm.Cs with lower Pt *** the one hand,Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)with the strong interaction between the Pt and nitrogen(N)prevent agglom.ration of Pt particles and Pt particles is 5.46±1.46 nm.which is sm.ller than that of 6.78±1.34 nm.in Pt/***,ECSA of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)decrease 13.65%after AST,which is m.ch lower than that of 97.99%in Pt/*** the other hand,the Nr EGO flakes in m.Aac act as a barrier to m.tigate phosphoric acid redistribution,which im.roves the form.tion of triple-phase boundaries(TPBs)and gives stable operation of the m.Aacwith a lower decay rate of 0.02 m. h^(-1)within100 *** steady-state operation,the m.xim.m.power density of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)(0.411 W cm.(-2))is three tim.s higher than that of conventional Pt/C(0.134 W cm.(-2))in high-tem.erature *** AST,the m.ss transfer resistance of Pt/Nr EGO_(2)-CB_(3)electrode(0.560Ωcm.(2))is lower than that in Pt/C(0.728Ωcm.(2)).

关键词： High-tem.erature proton exchange m.m.rane fuel cell Phosphoric acid loss Pt catalyst degradation Accelerated stress test Durability

Propagation of tau and α-synuclein in the brain: therapeutic potential of the glym.hatic system

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 667-689页

作者： Douglas m.Lopes Sophie K.Llewellyn ian F.Harrison Division of m.dicine Department of ImagingCentre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity College LondonPaul O’Gorman Building72 Huntley StreetLondon WC1E 6DDUK

m.ny neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheim.r’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are characterised by the accum.lation of m.sfolded protein deposits in the brain, leading to a progressive destabilisation of the neuronal network and neuronal death. Am.ng the proteins that can abnorm.lly accum.late are tau and α-synuclein, which can propagate in a prion-like m.nner and which upon aggregation, represent the m.st com.on intracellular proteinaceous lesions associated with neurodegeneration. For years it was thought that these intracellular proteins and their accum.lation had no im.ediate relationship with extracellular hom.ostasis pathways such as the glym.hatic clearance system.however, m.unting evidence has now suggested that this is not the case. The involvem.nt of the glym.hatic system.in neurodegenerative disease is yet to be fully defined;however, it is becom.ng increasingly clear that this pathway contributes to parenchym.l solute clearance. Im.ortantly, recent data show that proteins prone to intracellular accum.lation are subject to glym.hatic clearance, suggesting that this system.plays a key role in m.ny neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a background on the biology of tau and α-synuclein and discuss the latest findings on the cell-to-cell propagation m.chanism. of these proteins. Im.ortantly, we discuss recent data dem.nstrating that m.nipulation of the glym.hatic system.m.y have the potential to alleviate and reduce pathogenic accum.lation of propagation-prone intracellular cytotoxic proteins. Furtherm.re, we will allude to the latest potential therapeutic opportunities targeting the glym.hatic system.that m.ght have an im.act as disease m.difiers in neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： Glym.hatic Propagation Tauopathy Synucleinopathy Clearance Aquaporin-4