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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron j.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA B.j.GIREESHA M.L.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in Mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of Mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field

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Attitude control of multi-spacecraft systems on SO(3)with stochastic links failure

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Chinese journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 320-331页

作者： KANG Zeyu SHEN Qiang WU Shufan Chris j.DAMAREN MU Zhongcheng School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Aerospace Studies University of TorontoTorontoOntario M3H 5T6Canada

In this paper,for Multi-Spacecraft System(MSS)with a directed communication topology link and a static virtual leader,a controller is proposed to realize attitude consensus and attitude stabilization with stochastic links failure and actuator ***,an MSS attitude error model suitable for a directed topology link and with a static virtual leader based on SO(3)is derived,which considers that the attitude error on SO(3)cannot be defined based on algebraic ***,we design a controller to realize the MSS on SO(3)with attitude consensus and attitude stabilization under stochastic links failure and actuator ***,the simulation results of a multi-spacecraft system with stochastic links failure and a static virtual leader spacecraft are demonstrated to illustrate the efficiency of the attitude controller.

关键词： Multi-spacecraft systems Attitude consensus Attitude stabilization Stochastic links failure Super-martingale convergence

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On an isotropic porous solid cylinder:the analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of the pressure

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第9期45卷 1499-1522页

作者： H.ASGHARI L.MILLER R.PENTA j.MERODIO Departamento de Matematica Aplicada a las TIC ETS de Ingenieria de Sistemas InformaticosUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid 28031Spain School of Mathematics and Statistics University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQU.K.

Within this work,we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of the material input parameters on the pressure in an isotropic porous solid *** provide a step-by-step guide to obtain the analytical solution for a porous isotropic elastic cylinder in terms of the pressure,stresses,and elastic *** obtain the solution by performing a Laplace transform on the governing equations,which are those of Biot's poroelasticity in cylindrical polar *** enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain the solution in the Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to the time *** sensitivity analysis is then carried out,considering only the derived pressure *** analysis finds that the time t,Biot's modulus M,and Poisson's ratio ν have the highest influence on the pressure whereas the initial value of pressure P_(0) plays a very little role.

关键词： sensitivity analysis Laplace transform cylindrical polar coordinate Biot's modulus cylinder

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Universal insertion of molecules in ionic compounds under pressure

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 120-128页

作者： Feng Peng Yanming Ma Chris j.Pickard Hanyu Liu Maosheng Miao College of Physics and Electronic Information Luoyang Normal University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University International Center of Future Science Jilin University Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Department of Earth Science University of California Santa Barbara

Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4may react with NaC l, a prototype ionic solid,and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules,despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5-anions while reacting with NaC l under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.

关键词： molecule-solid hybrid materials high-pressure crystal structure prediction density functional theory planet interior

Advancing cancer cachexia diagnosis with -omics technology and exercise as molecular medicine

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Stuart j.Hesketh University of Central Lancashire School of MedicinePrestonUK

Muscle atrophy exacerbates disease outcomes and increases mortality,whereas the preservation of skeletal muscle mass and function play pivotal roles in ensuring long-term health and overall *** atrophy represents a significant clinical challenge,involving the continued loss of muscle mass and strength,which frequently accompany the development of numerous types of *** cachexia is a highly prevalent multifactorial syndrome,and although cachexia is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths,there are still no approved management strategies for the *** etiology of this condition is based on the upregulation of systemic inflammation factors and catabolic stimuli,resulting in the inhibition of protein synthesis and enhancement of protein *** necessary cellular processes are disrupted by cachectic pathology,which mediate intracellular signalling pathways resulting in the net loss of muscle and ***,the exact underpinning molecular mechanisms of how these changes are orchestrated are incompletely *** work is still required,but structured exercise has the capacity to counteract numerous detrimental effects linked to cancer *** through the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis,enhancement of mitochondrial function,and the release of *** a result,muscle mass and strength increase,leading to improved mobility,and *** review summarises existing knowledge of the complex molecular networks that regulate cancer cachexia and exercise,highlighting the molecular interplay between the two for potential therapeutic ***,the utility of mass spectrometry-based proteomics is considered as a way of establishing early diagnostic biomarkers of cachectic patients.

关键词： Cancer cachexia Exercise Muscle atrophy Molecular medicine Omics

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Editorial

CCS Chemistry 2024年第9期6卷 266-270页

作者： Zhang Xi Minton Donna j 机构不详

“Our responsibility is to do what we can,learn what we can,improve the solutions,and pass them on.”—Richard ***,Nobel Laureate in Physics(1918–1988)With january behind us,we are well into 2024 and life has fallen back into its familiar *** is resuming,and students and professors alike are back in the lab and *** China,there is buzzing excitement for the Spring Festival and coming of the Year of the Dragon on February *** is said that,“龙行龘龘,前程朤朤”or“The dragon strides forward with determination,and the future is bright.”We have much to look forward to in the coming months.

关键词： has dragon Nobel

Impact of device resistances in the performance of graphene‑based terahertz photodetectors

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第2期17卷 87-97页

作者： O.Castelló Sofía M.López Baptista K.Watanabe T.Taniguchi E.Diez j.E.Velázquez-Pérez Y.M.Meziani j.M.Caridad j.A.Delgado-Notario Department of Applied Physics University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada(LUMES) University of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science1-1 NamikiTsukuba 305-0044Japan Nanotechnology Group USAL-NanolabUniversity of Salamanca37008 SalamancaSpain

In recent years,graphene field-effect-transistors(GFETs)have demonstrated an outstanding potential for terahertz(THz)photodetection due to their fast response and *** features are essential to enable emerging THz applications,including 6G wireless communications,quantum information,bioimaging and ***,the overall performance of these photodetectors may be utterly compromised by the impact of internal resistances presented in the device,so-called access or parasitic *** this work,we provide a detailed study of the influence of internal device resistances in the photoresponse of high-mobility dual-gate GFET *** dual-gate architectures allow us to fine tune(decrease)the internal resistance of the device by an order of magnitude and consequently demonstrate an improved responsivity and noise-equivalent-power values of the photodetector,*** results can be well understood by a series resistance model,as shown by the excellent agreement found between the experimental data and theoretical *** findings are therefore relevant to understand and improve the overall performance of existing high-mobility graphene photodetectors.

关键词： Graphene THz Photodetector Field-effect transistor Plasmonic

Key aspects of underground hydrogen storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline aquifers:A review and understanding

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第4期5卷 55-74页

作者： Rawaa A.Sadkhan Watheq j.Al-Mudhafar Basra University of Oil and Gas BasrahIraq Basrah Oil Company BasrahIraq

Underground hydrogen storage is critical for renewable energy integration and *** aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs represent viable large-scale hydrogen storage solutions due to their capacity and *** paper provides a comparative analysis of the current status of hydrogen storage in various ***,it assesses the geological compatibility,capacity,and security of these storage environments with minimal leakage and *** in-depth analysis was also conducted on the economic and environmental issues that impact the hydrogen *** addition,the capacity of these structures was also clarified,and it is similar to storing carbon dioxide,except for the cushion gas that is injected with hydrogen to provide pressure when withdrawing from the store to increase *** research also discusses the pros and cons of hydrogen storage in saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas *** include numerous storage sites,compatibility with existing infrastructure,and the possibility to repurpose declining oil and gas ***,it was identified that depleted gas reservoirs are better for hydrogen gas storage than depleted oil reservoirs because hydrogen gas may interact with the *** saline aquifers rank third because of uncertainty,limited capacity,construction and injection *** properties that affect the hydrogen injection process were also discussed in terms of solid,fluid,and solid-fluid *** all structures,successful implementation requires characterizing sites,monitoring and managing risks,and designing efficient storage *** findings expand hydrogen storage technology and enable a renewable energy-based energy system.

关键词： Underground hydrogen storage Renewable energy Depleted reservoirs Saline aquifers Fundamental review