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Viscoelastic microfluidics: progress and challenges

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 63-86页

作者： Jian Zhou ian Papautsky Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

The manipulation of cells and particles suspended in viscoelastic fluids in microchannels has drawn increasing attention,in part due to the ability for single-stream three-dimensional focusing in simple channel *** in the understanding of non-Newtonian effects on particle dynamics has led to expanding exploration of focusing and sorting particles and cells using viscoelastic *** factors,such as the driving forces arising from fluid elasticity and inertia,the effect of fluid rheology,the physical properties of particles and cells,and channel geometry,actively interact and compete together to govern the intricate migration behavior of particles and cells in ***,we review the viscoelastic fluid physics and the hydrodynamic forces in such flows and identify three pairs of competing forces/effects that collectively govern viscoelastic *** discuss migration dynamics,focusing positions,numerical simulations,and recent progress in viscoelastic microfluidic applications as well as the remaining ***,we hope that an improved understanding of viscoelastic flows in microfluidics can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research.

关键词： Viscoelastic flow Elastic and inertial force Microfluidics Numerical modeling Particle separation and cell sorting 3D focusing

Mapping inertial migration in the cross section of a microfluidic channel with high-speed imaging

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 185-198页

作者： Jian Zhou Zhangli Peng ian Papautsky Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA

The wide adoption of inertial microfluidics in biomedical research and clinical settings,such as rare cell isolation,has prompted the inquiry of its underlying *** tremendous improvement has been made,the mechanism of inertial migration remains to be further *** observations are not fully reconciled by the existing theory,and details of the inertial migration within channel cross sections are missing in the *** this work,for the first time,we mapped the inertial migration pathways within channel cross section using high-speed imaging at the single-particle *** is in contrast to the conventional method of particle streak velocimetry(PSV),which provides collective *** also applied smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)to simulate the transient motion of particles in 3D and obtained cross-sectional migration trajectories that are in agreement with the high-speed imaging *** found two opposing pathways that explain the contradicting observations in rectangular microchannels,and the force analysis of these pathways revealed two metastable positions near the short walls that can transition into stable positions depending on the flow condition and particle *** new findings significantly improve our understanding of the inertial migration physics,and enhance our ability to precisely control particle and cell behaviors within microchannels for a broad range of applications.

关键词： positions details collective

Enteric bacterial proteases in inflammatory bowel diseasepathophysiology and clinical implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第43期19卷 7531-7543页

作者： ian M Carroll Nitsan Maharshak Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and DiseaseUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599United States Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Tel Aviv Medical CenterSackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69643Israel

Numerous reports have identified a dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),yet the mechanism(s)in which this complex microbial community initiates or perpetuates inflammation remains *** purpose of this review is to present evidence for one such mechanism that implicates enteric microbial derived proteases in the pathogenesis of *** highlight and discuss studies demonstrating that proteases and protease receptors are abundant in the digestive ***,we investigate studies demonstrating an association between increased luminal protease activity and activation of protease receptors,ultimately resulting in increased intestinal permeability and exacerbation of colitis in animal models as well as in human *** are essential for the normal functioning of bacteria and in some cases can serve as virulence factors for pathogenic *** not classified as traditional virulence factors,proteases originating from commensal enteric bacteria also have a potential association with intestinal inflammation via increased enteric *** of increased protease activity in stools from IBD patients support a possible mechanism for a dysbiotic enteric microbiota in IBD.A better understanding of these pathways and characterization of the enteric bacteria involved,their proteases,and protease receptors may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for these diseases.

关键词： Protease Proteinase Protease associated receptor Enteric microbiota Epithelial barrier

Evolution of focused streams for viscoelastic flow in spiral microchannels

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 129-143页

作者： Hua Gao Jian Zhou Mohammad Moein Naderi Zhangli Peng ian Papautsky Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIL 60607USA

Particle migration dynamics in viscoelastic fluids in spiral channels have attracted interest in recent years due to potential applications in the 3D focusing and label-free sorting of particles and *** a number of recent studies,the underlying mechanism of Dean-coupled elasto-inertial migration in spiral microchannels is not fully *** this work,for the first time,we experimentally demonstrate the evolution of particle focusing behavior along a channel downstream length at a high blockage *** found that flow rate,device curvature,and medium viscosity play important roles in particle lateral *** results illustrate the full focusing pattern along the downstream channel length,with side-view imaging yielding observations on the vertical migration of focused ***,we anticipate that these results will offer a useful guide for elasto-inertial microfluidics device design to improve the efficiency of 3D focusing in cell sorting and cytometry applications.

关键词： viscoelastic flow curvature

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电源管理芯片在以太网供电中的应用

世界电子元器件 2005年第10期 20-22页

作者： ian Moulding Christopher hill 飞利浦半导体电源管理业务部

什么是以太网供电?术语"以太网"是指IEEE802.3标准涵盖的各种局域网(LAN)系统.以太网协议是在工作场所,通过高速数据电缆将台式PC与中央文件服务器连接起来的协议.任何连接到以太网端口的设备,如数据终端、无线接入点、网络摄像机(web c... 详细信息

什么是以太网供电?术语"以太网"是指IEEE802.3标准涵盖的各种局域网(LAN)系统.以太网协议是在工作场所,通过高速数据电缆将台式PC与中央文件服务器连接起来的协议.任何连接到以太网端口的设备,如数据终端、无线接入点、网络摄像机(web cam)或网络电话等,都需要通过电池或独立AC插座为自己供电.而更为优雅的方法则是能够向连接到以太网的任何设备同时传输电源和数据.

关键词：以太网供电电源管理芯片 IEEE802.3 以太网协议应用以太网端口文件服务器无线接入点网络摄像机

Interventional radiology in the management of malignant biliary obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第3期2卷 146-150页

作者： Cherian George Oliver Richard Byass James Edmund ian Cast Department of Radiology Hull and East Yorkshire NHS TrustCastle Hill HospitalCastle RoadCottinghamKingston-Upon-Hull

Malignant biliary obstruction is commonly due to pancreatic carcinoma,cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic disease which are often inoperable at presentation and carry a poor *** biliary drainage and stenting provides a safe and effective method of palliation in such patients,thereby improving their quality of *** may also be an adjunct to surgical management by improving hepatic and,indirectly,renal function before resection of the tumor.

关键词： Biliary tract Biliary tract neoplasms Jaundice Cholangiography Carcinoma Pancreatic ductal

The Fate of Aflatoxin in Corn Fermentation

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Natural Resources 2012年第3期3卷 126-136页

作者： C. ian Johnston Rebecca Singleterry Cedric Reid Darrell Sparks Ashli Brown Brian Baldwin Stephanie hill Ward W. Paul Williams Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Washington DC USA Department of Animal and Dairy Science Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Oktibbeha County USA

A lab-scale ethanol fermentation was investigated to determine where aflatoxin concentrated during each phase of production. Four corn samples with high levels of aflatoxin (ranging from 7750 – 17,208 parts per billion) and their replicates were compared with a replicated negative control. Fractions were taken from the fermented mash, distilled ethanol, stillage, and dried corn solids (DCS). These fractions were analyzed using two different immunoassay methods and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results indicated no aflatoxin was found in the distilled ethanol. Some aflatoxin (13%) was detected in the stillage, but most of the toxin was recovered in the DCSs ranging from 31% to 58%. A second series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of binders on dried distillers grains (DDGs). A brewers dried yeast anti-caking binder that contains glucomannon (MTB-100?), was mixed with contaminated DDGs. Addition of the binder showed a significant reduction in aflatoxin levels in comparison to a positive control. Aflatoxin binding at 2% binder w/w reached 72.5% and showed a minimal binding percentage increase of 80% at 6% binder w/w. Testing was also conducted to determine if environmental variables such as pH and temperature had any effect on the binding capabilities. Temperature near 0?C resulted in binding at 19.7% at a pH range of 6 to 8. Additionally, at a temperature of 40?C resulted in binding of 36%, 47%, and 45% at pHs 6, 7, and 8, respectively. These findings suggest that the addition of sorbents may be an effective way of salvaging contaminated DDGs.

关键词： LC-MS/MS Ethanol Immunoassay Distillers Grains Binders

Wastewater surveillance provides 10-days forecasting of COVID-19 hospitalizations superior to cases and test positivity:A prediction study

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1138-1150页

作者： Dustin T.hill Mohammed A.Alazawi E.Joe Moran Lydia J.Bennett ian Bradley Mary B.Collins Christopher J.Gobler Hyatt Green Tabassum Z.Insaf Brittany Kmush Dana Neigel Shailla Raymond Mian Wang Yinyin Ye David A.Larsen Department of Public Health Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13244USA Center for Environmental Health New York State Department of HealthAlbanyNYUSA CDC Foundation AtlantaGAUSA Department of Civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNYUSA School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Sustainability Studies DivisionStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Institute for Advanced Computational Science Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA New York State Center for Clean Water Technology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA Department of Environmental Biology State University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNYUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity at AlbanyRensselaerNYUSA Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Applied SciencesStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNYUSA

Background:The public health response to COVID-19 has shifted to reducing deaths and hospitalizations to prevent overwhelming health *** amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments in wastewater are known to correlate with clinical data including cases and hospital admissions for *** developed and tested a predictive model for incident COVID-19 hospital admissions in New York State using wastewater ***:Using county-level COVID-19 hospital admissions and wastewater surveillance covering 13.8 million people across 56 counties,we fit a generalized linear mixed model predicting new hospital admissions from wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from April 29,2020 to June 30,*** included covariates such as COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the county,comorbidities,demographic variables,and holiday ***:Wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA correlated with new hospital admissions per 100,000 up to ten days prior to *** that included wastewater had higher predictive power than models that included clinical cases only,increasing the accuracy of the model by 15%.Predicted hospital admissions correlated highly with observed admissions(r¼0.77)with an average difference of 0.013 hospitalizations per 100,000(95%CI¼[0.002,0.025])Interpretation:Using wastewater to predict future hospital admissions from COVID-19 is accurate and effective with superior results to using case data *** lead time of ten days could alert the public to take precautions and improve resource allocation for seasonal surges.

关键词： COVID-19 hospitalizations Wastewater-based epidemiology Forecasting Prediction SARS-CoV-2

Natural killer T cells and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Fat chews on the immune system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第3期14卷 487-488页

作者： Michael Kremer ian N Hines Department of Surgery University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120 Germany Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill CB 7525 United States

Natural killer T cells (NKT) are an important subset of T lymphocytes. They are unique in their ability to produce both T helper 1 and T helper 2 associated cytokines, thus being capable of steering the immune system into either inflammation or tolerance. Disruption of NKT cell numbers or function results in severe deficits in immune surveillance against pathogens and tumor cells. Growing experimental evidence suggests that hepatosteatosis may reduce resident hepatic as well as peripheral NKT cells. Those models of hepatosteatosis and the change in NKT cell numbers are associated with a disruption of cytokine homeostasis, resulting in a more pronounced release of proinflammatory cytokines which renders the steatotic liver highly susceptible to secondary insults. In this letter to the editor, we focus on recently published data in the World Journal of Gastroenterology by Xu and colleagues demonstrating reduced peripheral NKT cells in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, compare those findings with ours and others in different animal models of hepatosteatosis, and hypothesize about the potential underlying mechanism.

关键词： Obesity Hepatosteatosis Metabolic syndrome TNFalpha Interleukin 12