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What is left when anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases fails?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1248-1258页

作者： ian c Lawrance centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital FremantleWA6059Australia Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Fremantle Hospital FremantleWA6059Australia

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic incurable conditions that primarily present in young patients. Being incurable, the IBDs may be part of the patient’s life for many years and these conditions require therapies that will be effective over the long-term. Surgery in crohn’s disease does not cure the disease with endoscopic recurrent in up to 70% of patients 1 year post resection. This means that, the patient will require many years of medications and the goal of the treating physician is to induce and maintain long-term remission without side effects. The development of the anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) agents has been a magnificent clinical advance in IBD, but they are not always effective, with loss of response overtime and, at times, discontinuation is required secondary to side effects. So what options are available if of the anti-TNFα agents can no longer be used? This review aims to provide other options for the physician, to remind them of the older established medications like azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, the less established medications like mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus as well as newer therapeutic options like the anti-integins, which block the trafficking of leukocytes into the intestinal mucosa. The location of the intestinal inflammation must also be considered, as topical therapeutic agents may also be worthwhile to consider in the long-term management of the more challenging IBD patient. The more options that are available the more likely the patient will be able to have tailored therapy to treat their disease and a better long-term outcome.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Immunosuppression Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents Anti-integrin Long-term outcomes

A Grid Middleware for Distributed Java computing with MPI Binding and Process Migration Supports

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2003年第4期18卷 505-514页

作者：陈琳王卓立 francis c.M.Lau Department of computer Science and Information Systems The University of Hong Kong P.R. China

"Grid" computing has emerged as an important new research field. With years of efforts, grid researchers have successfully developed grid technologies including security solutions,resource management protocols, information query protocols, and data management services. However, as the ultimate goal of grid computing is to design an infrastructure which supports dynamic,cross-organizational resource sharing, there is a need of solutions for efficient and transparent task re-scheduling in the *** this research, a new grid middleware is proposed, called G-JavaMPI. This middleware adds the parallel computing capability of Java to the grid with the support of a Grid-enabled message passing interface (MPI) for inter-process communication between Java processes executed at different grid points. A special feature of the proposed G-JavaMPI is the support of Java process migration with post-migration message redirection. With these supports, it is possible to migrate executing Java process from site to site for continuous computation, if some site is scheduled to be turned down for system reconfiguration. Moreover, the proposed G-JavaMPI middleware is very portable since it requires no modification of underlying OS, Java virtual machine, and MPI package. Preliminary performance tests have been conducted. The proposed mechanisms have shown good migration efficiency in a simulated grid environment.

关键词： grid middleware MPI Java process migration

Application of the three-dimensional telegraph equation to cosmic-ray transport

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第10期16卷 107-115页

作者： Robert c. Tautz ian Lerche Zentrum fur Astronomie und Astrophysik Technische Universitat Berlin HardenbergstraBe 36 D-10623 Berlin Germany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat Ⅲ Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle D-06099 HalleGermany

An analytical solution to the three-dimensional telegraph equation is presented. This equation has recently received some attention but so far the treatment has been one-dimensional. By using the structural similarity to the Klein-Gordon equation, the telegraph equation can be solved in closed form. Illustrative examples are used to discuss the qualitative differences from the diffusion solution. A comparison with a numerical test-particle simulation reveals that some features of an intensity profile can be better explained using the telegraph approach.

关键词： plasmas -- turbulence -- magnetic field -- diffusion -- solar wind

Preventing infective complications in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9691-9698页

作者： Justine Mill ian c Lawrance centre for inflammatory Bowel Diseases Fremantle Hospital Department of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western AustraliaFremantle Hospital

Over the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the treatment of patients with crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, which comprise the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This is due to the increasing use of immunosuppressives and in particular the biological agents, which are being used earlier in the course of disease, and for longer durations, as these therapies result in better clinical outcomes for patients. This, however, has the potential to increase the risk of opportunistic and serious infections in these patients, most of which are preventable. Much like the risk for potential malignancy resulting from the use of these therapies long-term, a balance needs to be struck between medication use to control the disease with minimization of the risk of an opportunistic infection. This outcome is achieved by the physician’s tailored use of justified therapies, and the patients’ education and actions to minimize infection risk. The purpose of this review is to explore the evidence and guidelines available to all physicians managing patients with IBD using immunomodulating agents and to aid in the prevention of opportunistic infections.

关键词： Infection complications Inflammatory bowel diseases Immunosuppression Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents

Highway bridge seismic design:summary of FHWA/McEER project on seismic vulnerability of new highway construction

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 10-19页

作者： ian M.Friedland ian G.Buckle George c.Lee Applied Technology council 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NWSuite 700Washington D.C.20004USA Associate Director for Development Department of civil Engineering University of Nevada-RenoMail Stop 258RenoNevada89557USA Professor Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research.University at Buffalo.Red Jacket Quadrangle.Buffalo.New York 14260.USA Samuel P.Capen Professor

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a large,multi-year project conducted by the Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research (McEER) titled'Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway construction'(McEER Project 112),which was completed in *** coordinated the work of many researchers,who performed studies on the seismic design and vulnerability analysis of highway bridges,tunnels,and retaining structures. Extensive research was conducted to provide revisions and improvements to current design and detailing approaches and national design specifications for highway *** program included both analytical and experimental studies,and addressed seismic hazard exposure and ground motion input for the *** system;foundation design and soil behavior: structural importance,analysis,and response:structural design issues and details;and structural design criteria.

关键词： Seismic design specifications bridges seismic hazard exposure ground motion input structural response analysis foundation design soil behavior

Aberrant cytological localization of p16 and cDK4 in colorectal epithelia in the normal adenoma carcinoma sequence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第39期12卷 6391-6396页

作者： PO Zhao Xin Mao ian c Talbot Department of Pathology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China Academic Department of Pathology St. Mark's Hospital Cancer Research UK Colorectal Cancer Unit Harrow HA1 3UJ London United Kingdom

AIM： To study the correlation between the patterns of subcellular expression of p16 and cDK4 in colorectal epithelia in the normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence.METHODS： Paraffin sections of 43 cases of normal colorectal epithelia and corresponding adenomas as well as carcinomas were analysed immunocytochemically for subcellular expression of p16 and cDK4 proteins.RESULTS： Most carcinomas showed more cytoplasmic overexpression for p16 and cDK4 than the adenomas from which they arised or the adjacent normal mucosa. Most normal or non-neoplastic epithelia showed more p16 and cDK4 expression in the nucleus than their adjacent adenomas and carcinomas. There was a significant difference between the subcellular expression pattern of p16 and cDK4 in normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence epithelia （P 〈 0.001）. Neither p16 nor cDK4 subcellular patterns correlated with histological grade or Dukes＇ stage.cONcLUSION： Interaction of expression of p16 and cDK4 plays an important role in the Rb/p16 *** of p16 and cDK4 in the cytoplasm, as well as loss expression of p16 in the nucleusmighlc be important in the evolution of colorectal carcinoma from adenoma and, of adenoma from normal epitheiia.

关键词： colorectal neoplasm p16 cDK4 Immunocytochemistry

Body image in paediatric burns: a review

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第2期6卷 93-98页

作者： ian c.c.King Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery St George's HospitalTootingLondon SW170QTUK

Burn injuries in children can result in life-long disfigurement. As medical and surgical techniques of burn management improve survival prospects more than ever before, body image adjustment is increasingly a central consideration in the care of burn-injured individuals. An appreciation that both physiological and psychosocial processes underpin such injuries is key to understanding wound healing. Perceptions of idealized body images in Western society challenge children and their families as they grow up with and adapt to disfigurement from burns. Whilst many studies have examined the psychosocial recovery of adults with burn injuries, few have considered the impact on burn-injured children. This paper explores the models of body image and discusses the relevance of these to research and practice in understanding how to manage burns in children.

关键词： Burns Body image children Paediatric burns Wound healing

Deterministic approaches for noncoherent communicationswith chaotic carriers

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2005年第2期16卷 253-257页

作者： LiuXiongying QiuShuisheng francis.c.M.Lau collegeofElectronicandInformationEngineering SouthChinaUniversityofTechnologyGuangzhou510640P.R.China DepartmentofElectronicandInformationEngineering HongkongPolytechnicUniversityHongkongP.R.China

Two problems are proposed. The first one is the noise decontamination of chaotic carriers using a deterministic approach to reconstruct pseudo trajectories, the second is the design of communications schemes with chaotic carriers. After presenting our deterministic noise decontamination algorithm, conventional chaos shift keying (cSK) communication system is applied. The difference of Euclidean distance between noisy trajectory and decontaminated trajectory in phase space could be utilized to non-coherently detect the sent symbol simply and effectively. It is shown that this detection method can achieve the bit error rate performance comparable to other non-coherent systems.

关键词： gradient descent reconstruction chaotic communications noncoherent detection.

Long-distance ABA transport can mediate distal tissue responses by affecting local ABA concentrations

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第1期60卷 16-33页

作者： Wenrao Li carlos de Ollas ian c Dodd college of Life Sciences Henan University Kaifeng 475004 China Plant & crop Sciences Lancaster Environment Center Lancaster University Lancaster LAI 4YQ United Kingdom

Environmental stresses that perturb plant Hwater relations influence abscisic acid(ABA) concentrations, but it is unclear whether long-distance ABA transport contributes to changes in local ABA levels. To determine the physiological relevance of ABA transport, we made reciprocal-and self-grafts of ABA-deficient flacca mutant and wild-type(WT) tomato plants, in which low phosphorus(P) conditions decreased ABA concentrations while salinity increased ABA concentrations. Whereas foliar ABA concentrations in the WT scions were rootstock independent under control conditions, salinity resulted in long-distance transport of ABA: flacca scions had approximately twice as much ABA when grafted on WT rootstocks compared to flacca rootstocks. Root ABA concentrations were scion dependent: both WT and flacca rootstocks had less ABA with the flacca mutant scion than with the WT scion under control conditions. In WT scions, whereas rootstock genotype had limited effects on stomatal conductance under control conditions, a flacca rootstock decreased leaf area of stressed plants, presumably due to attenuated root-to-shoot ABA transport. In flacca scions, a WT rootstock decreased stomatal conductance but increased leaf area of stressed plants, likely due to enhanced root-to-shoot ABA transport. Thus, long-distance ABA transport can affect responses in distal tissues by changing local ABA concentrations.

关键词： ABA Long-distance ABA transport can mediate distal tissue responses by affecting local ABA concentrations Figure