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微软开发冷却技术让芯片“泡澡”

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 18-19页

作者： ian King Dina Bass 融汐(译) 不详

●数据中心越来越重视用液体而非空气来冷却服务器组件以纳米为单位计量的半导体是现代人工智能数据中心里的奇异之物,但在这些设施中,称得上最重要机器的还有风扇。如果没有不断吹过一排排计算机的冷空气,先进的芯片能将自己烧毁。但是... 详细信息

●数据中心越来越重视用液体而非空气来冷却服务器组件以纳米为单位计量的半导体是现代人工智能数据中心里的奇异之物,但在这些设施中,称得上最重要机器的还有风扇。如果没有不断吹过一排排计算机的冷空气,先进的芯片能将自己烧毁。但是,运行足够多的风扇和空调以防止这种情况发生的成本太高,这促使芯片制造商和数据中心运营商不断寻找完全不同的方法来解决问题。

关键词：数据中心服务器组件芯片制造商冷却技术半导体计算机微软风扇

技术交易网络与出口企业成本加成——基于中国专利转让与许可的经验研究

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中国工业经济 2024年第4期 76-94页

作者：许和连王伦邓玉萍湖南大学经济与贸易学院

基于中国专利转让与许可数据,本文运用复杂网络方法构建技术交易网络,科学评估了企业在技术交易网络的位置,据此考察出口企业嵌入技术交易网络对其成本加成的影响。研究发现,出口企业在技术交易网络中的中心性位置显著影响其成本加成,... 详细信息

基于中国专利转让与许可数据,本文运用复杂网络方法构建技术交易网络,科学评估了企业在技术交易网络的位置,据此考察出口企业嵌入技术交易网络对其成本加成的影响。研究发现,出口企业在技术交易网络中的中心性位置显著影响其成本加成,且这一促进作用是通过缓解信息不对称性、提高企业自主创新与协同创新能力来实现。异质性检验表明,企业处于输出地位、企一企型技术交易网络带来的成本加成提升作用更为显著;技术交易网络对西部地区、技术密集型行业、国有性质、从事加工贸易的出口企业成本加成提升相对更大。另外,技术交易的服务保障体系建设至关重要,知识产权司法保护的推进、技术交易中介的建立及其功能完善均会强化技术交易网络下的出口企业优势,尤其是国家技术转移示范机构、“中国创新驿站”的试点政策导致技术交易的成本加成提升作用从距离转移服务机构20千米扩大到40千米范围内。本文研究为畅通企业等多主体间技术要素流动、促进科技创新与贸易竞争新优势相结合提供了微观证据。

关键词：技术市场专利交易成本加成复杂网络

Accurate prediction of myopic progression and high myopia by machine learning

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 14-20页

作者： Jiahui Li Simiao Zeng Zhihuan Li Jie Xu Zhuo Sun Jing Zhao Meiyan Li Zixing Zou Taihua Guan Jin Zeng Zhuang Liu Wenchao Xiao Ran Wei Hanpei Miao ian Ziyar Junxiong Huang Yuanxu Gao Yangfa Zeng Xing-Tao Zhou Kang Zhang Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Guangzhou National Laboratory Guangzhou 510o0oChina Zhuhai International Eye Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Faculty of Medicine Macao University of Science and TechnologyZhuhai 519000China Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren Eye CenterBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Key Laboratory of Myopia Ministry of HealthShanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationDepartment of OphthalmologyEye InstituteEye and EarNoseand Throat HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China DongguanPeople's Hospital The First School of Clinical MedicinelSouthern Medical UniversityDongguan 523059China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060China Wenzhou Eye Hospital and Institute for Advanced Study on Eye Health and Diseases Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 32500oChina

Background Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in Asia and ***,accurately predicting the progression of myopia and the high risk of myopia remains a *** study aims to develop a predictive model for the development of *** We first retrospectively gathered 612530 medical records from five independent cohorts,encompassing 227543 patients ranging from infants to young ***,we developed a multivariate linear regression algorithm model to predict the progression of myopia and the risk of high *** The model to predict the progression of myopia achieved an R^(2) value of 0.964 vs a mean absolute error(MAE)of 0.119D[95%confidence interval(CI):0.119,1.146]in the internal validation *** demonstrated strong generalizability,maintaining consistent performance across external validation sets:R^(2)=0.950 vs MAE=0.119D(95%CI:0.119,1.136)in validation study 1,R^(2)=0.950 vs MAE=0.121D(95%CI:0.121,1.144)in validation study 2,and R^(2)=0.806 vs MAE=−0.066D(95%CI:−0.066,0.569)in the Shanghai Children Myopia *** the Beijing Children Eye Study,the model achieved an R^(2) of 0.749 vs a MAE of 0.178D(95%CI:0.178,1.557).The model to predict the risk of high myopia achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.99 in the internal validation set and consistently high area under the curve values of 0.99,0.99,0.96 and 0.99 in the respective external validation *** Our study demonstrates accurate prediction of myopia progression and risk of high myopia providing valuable insights for tailoring strategies to personalize and optimize the clinical management of myopia in children.

关键词： myopia progression machine learning prevention precision medicine

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英特尔复兴计划

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第7期 38-45页

作者： MAX CHAFKIN ian KING KELDA VAN PATTEN(摄影/插图) 杨飞(译) 不详

几个月前,一艘拖船从新奥尔良出发,推着一艘驳船沿密西西比河逆流而上。它向北穿过南方腹地,然后向东航行,经过印第安纳州俄亥俄河沿岸的农田。驳船上装载着一个用于巨型空气分离装置的冷箱,这是一种从大气中提取氮气用于制造的工业设... 详细信息

几个月前,一艘拖船从新奥尔良出发,推着一艘驳船沿密西西比河逆流而上。它向北穿过南方腹地,然后向东航行,经过印第安纳州俄亥俄河沿岸的农田。驳船上装载着一个用于巨型空气分离装置的冷箱,这是一种从大气中提取氮气用于制造的工业设备。这件货物的体积实在太大了,如果在辛辛那提转运,集装箱船通常要在俄亥俄州南部卸货,这种做法不切实际。

关键词：印第安纳州空气分离装置集装箱船密西西比河新奥尔良复兴计划俄亥俄河俄亥俄州

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip M. Urso Stanley F. Kelley Marcy M. Beverly Chris R. Stewart ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDMD In Vitro Cervids

Research Advance of Chinese Medicine in Treating Atherosclerosis:Focus on Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 277-288页

作者： WANG Lu-ming ZHANG Wen-lan LYU Nuan SUO Yan-rong YANG Lin YU Bin JianG Xi-juan School of Integrative Medicine Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ganzhou People’s HospitalGanzhouJiangxi Province341000China School of Medical Technology Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin301617China

As a serious cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis(AS)causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human ***-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)is a member of the phospholipase A2(PLA2)family,and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to ***-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins,and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine(ox PC)to produce lysophosphatidylcholine(lyso PC).Moreover,macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque *** paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.

关键词： lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 atherosclerosis inflammation oxidative stress apoptosis Chinese medicine

Globus Toolkit Version 4： Software for Service-Oriented Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2006年第4期21卷 513-520页

作者： ian Foster Computation Institute Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 U.S.A.

The Globus Toolkit （GT） has been developed since the late 1990s to support the development of serviceoriented distributed computing applications and infrastructures. Core GT components address, within a common framework, fundamental issues relating to security, resource access, resource management, data movement, resource discovery, and so forth. These components enable a broader ＂Globus ecosystem＂ of tools and components that build on, or interoperate with, GT functionality to provide a wide range of useful application-level functions. These tools have in turn been used to develop a wide range of both ＂Grid＂ infrastructures and distributed applications. I summarize here the principal characteristics of the recent Web Services-based GT4 release, which provides significant improvements over previous releases in terms of robustness, performance,, usability, documentation, standards compliance, and functionality. I also introduce the new ＂***＂ community development process, which allows a larger community to contribute to the development of Globus software.

关键词： distributed systems distributed applications Internet applications middleware open source

2023年Abel奖获得者Luis Angel Caffarelli访谈录

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数学译林 2024年第1期43卷 8-13页

作者： Bjorn ian Dundas Christian F.Skau 陆柱家(译) 童欣(校) 挪威卑尔根大学挪威Trondheim科技大学不详

Dundas&Skau(以下简写为“D&S”):Caffarelli教授,首先我们要祝贺您获得2023年的Abel(阿贝尔)奖,因为您“对非线性偏微分方程正则性理论,包括自由边界问题和Monge-Ampere(蒙日-安培)方程的开创性贡献”.明天挪威国王下将向您颁奖,我们... 详细信息

Dundas&Skau(以下简写为“D&S”):Caffarelli教授,首先我们要祝贺您获得2023年的Abel(阿贝尔)奖,因为您“对非线性偏微分方程正则性理论,包括自由边界问题和Monge-Ampere(蒙日-安培)方程的开创性贡献”.明天挪威国王下将向您颁奖,我们将回到您的数学,但首先了解一下您的背景可能是个好主意.1948年您出生在布宜诺斯艾利斯.您如何描述您的童年?

关键词：自由边界问题非线性偏微分方程阿贝尔开创性贡献

Population genetics and breeding system of Tupistra pingbianensis (Liliaceae),a naturally rare plant endemic to SW China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第1期48卷 47-57页

作者： Richard ian MILNE Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology School of BiologyUniversity of St.AndrewsSt.AndrewsFife KY16 9THUK

The levels and partitioning of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression were investigated in Tupistra pingbianensis,a narrow endemic of southeast Yunnan,China,characterized by a naturally fragmented distribution due to extreme specialization on a rare habitat *** genetic diversity and patterns of genetic variation within and among 11 populations were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers with 97 individuals across its whole geographical *** levels of genetic variation were revealed both at the species level(P 99 = 96.012%;H t = 0.302) and at the population level(P 99 = 51.41%;H s = 0.224).Strong genetic differentiation among populations was also detected(F ST = 0.2961;θⅡ = 0.281),which corresponded to results reported for typical animal-pollinated,mixed selfing,and outcrossing plant *** result was consistent with mating patterns detected by our pollination *** indirect estimate of gene flow based on θⅡ was low(N m = 0.64).Special habitat and its life history traits might play an important role in shaping the genetic diversity and the genetic structure of this species.A pollination experiment also failed to detect significant inbreeding depression upon F 1 fruit set,seed weight,and germinate rate *** a naturally rare species,*** is not seriously genetically impoverished and likely to have adapted to tolerating a high level of inbreeding early in its history,we propose this species need only periodic monitoring to ensure their continued persistence,but not intervention to remain viable.

关键词： AFLP genetic diversity genetic structure inbreeding depression naturally rare plants Tupistra pingbianensis.