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Silencing NOA1 Elevates Herbivory-Induced Jasmonic Acid Accumulation and Compromises Most of the Carbon-Based Defense Metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第8期53卷 619-631页

作者： Hendrik Wünsche ian T. Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology

Nitric oxide-associated protein 1 （NOA1） is involved in various abiotic stress responses and is required for plant resistance to pathogen infections. However, the role of NOA1 in plant-herbivore interactions has not been explored. We created NOA1-silenced Nicotiana attenuata plants （irNaNOA1）. Compared with wild-type （WT） plants, irNaNOA1 plants had highly decreased photosynthesis rates. We further examined various traits important for plant defense against its specialist herbivore Manduca sexta by treating WT and irNaNOA1 plants with mechanical wounding and M. sexta oral secretions （OS）. NOA1-silenced plants showed elevated levels of herbivory-induced jasmonic acid （JA）, but decreased JA-isoleucine conjugate （JA-Ile） levels. The decreased JA-Ile levels did not result from compromised JAR （jasmonic acid resistant） activity in irNOA1 plants. Moreover, nitrogen-rich defensive compounds, nicotine and trypsin proteinase inhibitors, did not differ between WT and irNaNOA1 plants. In contrast, concentrations of most carbon-based defensive compounds were lower in these plants than in WT plants, although the levels of chlorogenic acid were not changed. Therefore, silencing NOA1 alters the allocation of carbon resources within the phenylpropanoid pathway. These data suggest the involvement of NOA1 in N. attenuata’s defense against M. sexta attack, and highlight its role in photosynthesis, and biosynthesis of jasmonates and secondary metabolites.

关键词： NOA1 defense herbivory nitric oxide-associated protein 1 secondary metabolites.

A computational platform for considering the effects of aerodynamic and seismic load combination for utility scale horizontal axis wind turbines

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第1期15卷 91-102页

作者： Mohammad-Amin Asareh ian Prowell Jeffery Volz William Schonberg Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla Mo 65409 USA DNV GL-Renewables San Francisco CA USA School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

The wide deployment of wind turbines in locations with high seismic hazard has led engineers to take into account a more comprehensive seismic design of such structures. Turbine specific guidelines usually use simplified methods and consider many assumptions to combine seismic demand with the other operational loads effecting the design of these structures. As the turbines increase in size and capacity, the interaction between seismic loads and aerodynamic loads becomes even more important. In response to the need for a computational tool that can perform coupled simulations of wind and seismic loads, a seismic module is developed for the FAST code and described in this research. This platform allows engineers working in this industry to directly consider interaction between seismic and other environmental loads for turbines. This paper details the practical application and theory of this platform and provides examples for the use of different capabilities. The platform is then used to show the suitable earthquake and operational load combination with the implicit consideration of aerodynamic damping by estimating appropriate load factors.

关键词： renewable energy horizontal axis wind turbines aerodynamic-seismic load interaction aerodynamicdamping coupled simulations

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AI起源：从图灵到ChatGPT

世界科学 2024年第1期 56-58页

作者：张明惠伊恩·桑普《卫报》

如今作诗AI的祖先是打卡机、缓慢行动的机器人和神一般的游戏引擎。1958年冬天，30岁的心理学家弗兰克·罗森布拉特（Frank Rosenblatt）正从康奈尔大学前往华盛顿特区海军研究办公室，途中他与一位记者喝了杯咖啡。在计算机刚刚兴起的...

如今作诗AI的祖先是打卡机、缓慢行动的机器人和神一般的游戏引擎。1958年冬天，30岁的心理学家弗兰克·罗森布拉特（Frank Rosenblatt）正从康奈尔大学前往华盛顿特区海军研究办公室，途中他与一位记者喝了杯咖啡。在计算机刚刚兴起的年代，罗森布拉特宣布了一项了不起的发明，引起了不小的轰动。他宣称，这是“第一台能够产生自己想法的机器”。

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ZEITLUPE is required for shade avoidance in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata^FA

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第9期62卷 1341-1351页

作者： Yong Zou Ran Li ian T.Baldwin Department of Molecular Ecology Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical EcologyJena 07745Germany Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Being shaded is a common environmental stress for plants, especial y for densely planted crops. Shade de-creases red: far-red (R:FR) ratios that inactivate phyto-chrome B (PHYB) and subsequently release phytochrome interaction factors (PIFs). Shaded plants display elongated hypocotyls, internodes, and petioles, hyponastic leaves, early flowering and are inhibited in branching: traits col ectively cal ed the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). ZEITLUPE (ZTL) is a circadian clock component and blue light photoreceptor, which is also involved in floral rhythms and plant defense in Nicotiana attenuata. ztl mutants are hypersensitive to red light and ZTL physical y interacts with PHYB, suggesting the involvement of ZTL in R:FR light signaling. Here, we show that N. attenuata ZTL-silenced plants display a phenotype op-posite to that of the SAS under normal light. After simulated shade, the normal y induced transcript levels of the SAS mar-ker gene, ATHB2 are attenuated in ZTL-silenced plants. The auxin signaling pathway, known to be involved in SAS, was also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, NaZTL directly in-teracts with NaPHYBs, and regulates the transcript levels of PHYBs, PIF3a, PIF7 and PIF8 under shade. Our results suggest that ZTL may regulate PHYB- and the auxin-mediated sig-naling pathway, which functions in the SAS of N. attenuata.

关键词： traits planted branching

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新时代的德治视角下教师师德现状探析

教育教学论坛 2024年第24期 22-26页

作者：刘浩廉张正栋华南师范大学地理科学学院广东广州510631

近年来,师德问题逐渐成为社会焦点之一,《中小学教师培训课程指导标准(师德修养)》虽然明确了相关标准,但师德问题仍时有发生。新时代的德治继承并超越了传统德治,符合时代要求,其对师德现状的探析具有重要指导价值。结合新时代的德治... 详细信息

近年来,师德问题逐渐成为社会焦点之一,《中小学教师培训课程指导标准(师德修养)》虽然明确了相关标准,但师德问题仍时有发生。新时代的德治继承并超越了传统德治,符合时代要求,其对师德现状的探析具有重要指导价值。结合新时代的德治内涵梳理其与师德的联系,能为探析新时代的德治视角下的师德问题奠定基础,相关的改进建议则能为师德水平的提升提供新的思路与参考。

关键词：德治师德教师职业道德现状

整体护理及规范化管理对手术室护理质量的影响

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中国标准化 2024年第6期 281-284页

作者：卢孝恋吴芦苇上海市嘉定区中医医院

目的:探究整体护理及规范化管理对手术室护理质量的影响。方法:选取在上海市嘉定区中医医院展开手术的患者60例,随机均分为对照组和观察组,对照组展开常规护理,观察组展开整体护理及规范化管理。比较两组患者的护理质量、生活质量以及... 详细信息

目的:探究整体护理及规范化管理对手术室护理质量的影响。方法:选取在上海市嘉定区中医医院展开手术的患者60例,随机均分为对照组和观察组,对照组展开常规护理,观察组展开整体护理及规范化管理。比较两组患者的护理质量、生活质量以及护理满意度。结果:观察组患者的护理质量、生活质量以及护理满意度均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在手术室护理中,实施整体护理及规范化管理可显著改善护理质量及患者生活质量,提升护理满意度。

关键词：整体护理规范化管理手术室护理质量

Development and Extension of An Aggregated Scale Model: Part 1–Background to ASMITA

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China Ocean Engineering 2016年第4期30卷 483-504页

作者： ian TOWNEND Zheng Bing WANG Marcel STIVE Zeng ZHOU University of Southampton Southampton S0171B JUK TU Delfl Delft 2600.44The Netherlands Deltares Delft 2600 MHThe Netherlands Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environment Security Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China

Whilst much attention has been given to models that describe wave, tide and sediment transport processes in sufficient detail to determine the local changes in bed level over a relatively detailed representation of the bathymetry, far less attention has been given to models that consider the problem at a much larger scale （e.g. that of geomorphological elements such as a tidal fiat and tidal channel）. Such aggregated or lumped models tend not to represent the processes in detail but rather capture the behaviour at the scale of interest. One such model developed using the concept of an equilibrium concentration is the Aggregated Scale Morphological Interaction between Tidal basin and Adjacent coast （ASMITA）. In this paper we provide some new insights into the concepts of equilibrium, and horizontal and vertical exchange that are key components of this modelling approach. In a companion paper, we summarise a range of developments that have been undertaken to extend the original model concept, to illustrate the flexibility and power of the conceptual framework. However, adding detail progressively moves the model in the direction of the more detailed process-based models and we give some consideration to the boundary between the two.

关键词： estuary tidal inlet morphology tides waves sediment transport

Piezoelectric inertial robot for operating in small pipelines based on stick-slip mechanism:modeling and experiment

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期17卷 109-124页

作者： Jichun XING Chao NING Yingxiang LIU ian HOWARD School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Curtin UniversityPerth6001Australia

Small pipes exist in industrial and biomedical fields,and require microrobots with high operational precision and large load capacity to inspect or perform functional tasks.A piezoelectric inertial pipeline robot using a“stick-slip”mechanism was proposed to address this *** this study,the driving principle of the proposed robot was analyzed,and the strategy of the design scheme was presented.A dynamics model of the stick-slip system was established by combining the dynamics model of the driving foot system and the LuGre friction model,and the simulation analysis of the effect of system parameters on the operating trajectory was *** experimental system was established to examine the output characteristics of the proposed *** results show that the proposed pipeline robot with inertial stick-slip mechanism has a great load capacity of carrying 4.6 times(70 g)its own mass and high positioning *** speed of the pipeline robot can reach up to 3.5 mm/s(3 mm/s)in the forward(backward)direction,with a minimum step distance of 4µ*** potential application for fine operation in the pipe is exhibited by a demonstration of contactless transport.

关键词： pipeline robot piezoelectric inertial drive stick-slip large load capacity dynamics model small pipeline

Higher-order topological insulators in synthetic dimensions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 831-839页

作者： Avik Dutt Momchil Minkov ian A.D.Williamson Shanhui Fan Ginzton Laboratory and Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Conventional topological insulators support boundary states with dimension one lower than that of the bulk system that hosts them,and these states are topologically protected due to quantized bulk dipole ***,higherorder topological insulators have been proposed as a way of realizing topological states with dimensions two or more lower than that of the bulk due to the quantization of bulk quadrupole or octupole ***,all these proposals as well as experimental realizations have been restricted to real-space ***,we construct photonic higher-order topological insulators(PHOTIs)in synthetic *** show the emergence of a quadrupole PHOTI supporting topologically protected corner modes in an array of modulated photonic molecules with a synthetic frequency dimension,where each photonic molecule comprises two coupled *** changing the phase difference of the modulation between adjacent coupled photonic molecules,we predict a dynamical topological phase transition in the ***,we show that the concept of synthetic dimensions can be exploited to realize even higher-order multipole moments such as a fourth-order hexadecapole(16-pole)insulator supporting 0D corner modes in a 4D hypercubic synthetic lattice that cannot be realized in real-space lattices.

关键词： topological dimensions insulator