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Low-thermal-budget electrically active thick polysilicon for CMOS-First MEMS-last integration

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 395-407页

作者： Aron michael ian Yao-Hsiang Chuang Chee Yee Kwok Kazuo Omaki UNSW SydneyNSW 2052Australia

Low-thermal-budget,electrically active,and thick polysilicon films are necessary for building a microelectromechanical system(MEMS)on top of a complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS).However,the formation of these polysilicon films is a challenge in this ***,for the first time,the development of in situ phosphorus-doped silicon films deposited under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions(~10^(−9)Torr)using electron-beam evaporation(UHVEE)is *** process results in electrically active,fully crystallized,low-stress,smooth,and thick polysilicon films with low thermal *** crystallographic,mechanical,and electrical properties of phosphorus-doped UHVEE polysilicon films are *** films are compared with intrinsic and boron-doped UHVEE silicon *** spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)are used for crystallographic and surface morphological *** curvature,cantilever deflection profile and resonance frequency measurements are employed to study the mechanical properties of the ***,resistivity measurements are conducted to investigate the electrical properties of the *** vertical,high-aspectratio micromachining of UHVEE polysilicon has been developed.A comb-drive structure is designed,simulated,fabricated,and characterized as an actuator and inertial sensor comprising 20-μm-thick in situ phosphorus-doped UHVEE films at a temperature less than 500°*** results demonstrate for the first time that UHVEE polysilicon uniquely allows the realization of mechanically and electrically functional MEMS devices with low thermal budgets.

关键词： budget thick thermal

Isolating higher yielding and more stable rice genotypes in stress environments: fine-tuning a selection method using production and resilience score indices

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 169-185页

作者： Arnauld THIRY William J.DAVIES ian C.DODD lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLancashire LA14YWUK

In Asia, the rice crop sustains millions of people. However, growing demand for this crop needs to be met while simultaneously reducing its water consumption to cope with the effects of climate change. Lowland cropping systems are the most common and productive but have particularly high water requirements. High-yielding rice genotypes adapted to drier environments(such as rainfed or aerobic rice ecosystems) are needed to increase the water use efficiency of cropping. Identifying these genotypes requires fast and more accurate selection methods. It is hypothesized that applying a new quantitative selection method(the score index selection method), can usefully compare rice yield responses over different years and stress intensities to select genotypes more rapidly and efficiently. Applying the score index to previously published rice yield data for 39 genotypes grown in no-stress and two stress environments, identified three genotypes(ARB 8, IR55419-04 and ARB 7) with higher and stable yield under moderate to severe stress conditions. These genotypes are postulated to be better adapted to stress environment such as upland and aerobic environments. Importantly, the score index selection method offers improved precision than the conventional breeding selection method in identifying genotypes that are well-suited to a range of stress levels within the target environment.

关键词： Aerobic rice breeding selection drought resilience production capacity index resilience capacity index stress score index upland

Feature identification in complex fluid flows by convolutional neural networks

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2023年第6期13卷 447-454页

作者： Shizheng Wen michael W.Lee Kai M.Kruger Bastos ian K.Eldridge-Allegra Earl H.Dowell Department of Mathematics ETH ZurichZürich 8092Switzerland NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA 23666USA Rivian San FranciscoCA 94080USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Recent advancements have established machine learning's utility in predicting nonlinear fluid dynamics,with predictive accuracy being a central motivation for employing neural ***,the pattern recognition central to the networks function is equally valuable for enhancing our dynamical insight into the complex fluid *** this paper,a single-layer convolutional neural network(CNN)was trained to recognize three qualitatively different subsonic buffet flows(periodic,quasi-periodic and chaotic)over a high-incidence airfoil,and a near-perfect accuracy was obtained with only a small training *** convolutional kernels and corresponding feature maps,developed by the model with no temporal information provided,identified large-scale coherent structures in agreement with those known to be associated with buffet *** to hyperparameters including network architecture and convolutional kernel size was also *** coherent structures identified by these models enhance our dynamical understanding of subsonic buffet over high-incidence airfoils over a wide range of Reynolds numbers.

关键词： Subsonic buffet flows Feature identification Convolutional neural network Long-short term memory

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck—an old problem revisited

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Frontiers of Medicine 2013年第4期7卷 517-519页

作者： John Bunni Mark Gillam ian michael Pope Department of General Surgery Bristol Royal InfirmaryBristol BS28HWUK

Herein the authors describe the case of a young woman presenting with a tender lump in her *** the differential was of either a reactive lymph node or a femoral *** scan was urgently arranged and showed a cystic *** exploration was carried out and revealed this to be a hydrocele of the canal of *** was excised and the patient’s symptoms resolved and she was discharged home the following *** explore the embryology,pathophysiology and management of this rare entity.

关键词： canal of Nuck hernia embryology

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides Emily Arnold ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microCT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image Correlation(DIC)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:Concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： Constantinos Franceskides Emily Arnold ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi michael CGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK Centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-CT 3D printing Digital Image Correlation(DIC)

Which intensities, types, and patterns of movement behaviors are most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among children?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第3期10卷 368-378页

作者： Laura K.Callender michael M.Borghese ian Janssen School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada Department of Public Health Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine which intensities,patterns,and types of 24-h movement behaviors are most strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors among ***:A total of 369 children aged 1013 years were *** wore an Actical accelerometer and a Garmin Forerunner 220 Global Positioning System logger and completed an activity and sleep log for 7 *** from these instruments were combined to estimate average minute per day spent in 14 intensities,11 types,and 14 patterns of *** mass index,resting heart rate,and systolic blood pressure values were combined to create a cardiometabolic risk factor *** least squares regression analysis was used to examine associations between the 39 movement behavior characteristics and the cardiometabolic risk factor *** variable importance in projection(VIP)values were used to determine and rank important movement behavior *** was evidence of interaction by biological maturity,and the analyses were conducted separately in the 50%least mature and 50%most mature ***:For the least biologically mature participants,fifteen of the 39 movement behavior characteristics had important VIP value scores;eight of these reflected movement intensities(particularly moderate and vigorous intensities),six reflected movement patterns,and one reflected a movement *** the most mature participants,thirteen of the 39 movement behavior characteristics had important VIP value scores,with five reflecting intensities(particularly moderate and vigorous intensities),five reflecting patterns,and three reflecting types of ***:More than 12 movement behavior characteristics were associated with cardiometabolic risk factors within both the most and least mature *** intensities within the moderate and vigorous intensity ranges were the most consistent correlates of these risk factors.

关键词： Child Physical activity Risk factors Sedentary behavior Sleep

Capsule endoscopy in suspected small bowel Crohn's disease:Economic impact of disease diagnosis and treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第45期15卷 5685-5692页

作者： Jonathan A Leighton ian M Gralnek Randel E Richner michael J Lacey Frank J Papatheofanis Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic ScottsdaleAZ 85259United States Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology GI Outcomes Unit Departments of Gastroenterology and Ambulatory Care Services Rambam Health Care Campus The Neocure Group SherbornMA 01770 United States Division of Health Policy Departments of Radiology and Economics University of California San DiegoSan Diego CA 92103United States

AIM: To model clinical and economic benef its of capsule endoscopy (CE) compared to ileo-colonoscopy and small bowel follow-through (SBFT) for evaluation of suspected Crohn’s disease (CD). METHODS: Using decision analytic modeling, total and yearly costs of diagnostic work-up for suspected CD were calculated, including procedure-related adverse events, hospitalizations, off ice visits, and medications. The model compared CE to SBFT following ileo-colonoscopy and secondarily compared CE to SBFT for initial evaluation. RESULTS: Aggregate charges for newly diagnosed, medically managed patients are approximately $8295. Patients requiring aggressive medical management costs are $29 508; requiring hospitalization, $49 074. At sensitivity > 98.7% and specifi city of > 86.4%, CE is less costly than SBFT. CONCLUSION: Costs of CE for diagnostic evaluationof suspected CD is comparable to SBFT and may be used immediately following ileo-colonoscopy.

关键词：经济利益住院治疗诊断小肠内镜胶囊疾病管理费用

Adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected rectal cancer: How valid are the data?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第4期12卷 503-513页

作者： Giulia Manzini Fabius Hapke ian N Hines Doris Henne-Bruns michael Kremer Department of General and Visceral Surgery University of UlmUlm 89081Germany Department of Nutrition Science College of Allied Health SciencesEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of General and Visceral Surgery Hospital of AarauAarau 5000Switzerland

BACKGROUND According to the result of the Cochrane review published in 2012,postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy(CTx)is associated with a survival benefit for rectal cancer patients operated for cure in comparison to patients who underwent only the surgical *** To analyze the quality of the data supporting the advantage of adjuvant CTx after surgery for rectal *** the times of increasing health care costs,it is imperative to offer the patient an evidence-based therapy that justifies potential side effects as well as *** Overall survival was selected as endpoint of *** the 21 included papers which analyzed this endpoint,we identified those three publications which have the highest weights to influence the final *** validity of these papers was analyzed using the CONSORT checklist for randomized controlled *** performed a second meta-analysis excluding the three analyzed studies(n=18)in order to assess their impact on the overall result of the original ***,we performed a third meta-analysis excluding all studies(n=16)which showed a statistically improved overall *** The detailed analysis of the three most relevant RCTs according to the items of the CONSORT checklist showed several *** up to 47%of the items,inappropriate answers were ***,a lack of information regarding therandomization procedure as well as the absence of allocation concealment,blinded set-up,of intention-to-treat analysis and omission of sample size calculation were common problems of the analyzed *** exclusion of these three studies from the meta-analysis did not affect the general result of the meta-analysis,still confirming a survival advantage after adjuvant *** exclusion of single studies with a statistically significant outcome improvement,the meta-analysis of the remaining 16 studies again shows a statistically significant result due in part to a large remaining sample size.C

关键词： Rectal cancer Validity Meta-analysis CONSORT checklist Postoperative chemotherapy Overall survival