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Evaluation and treatment of malignant ascites secondary to gastric cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第39期21卷 10936-10947页

作者： Hiromichi Maeda Michiya kobayashi Junichi Sakamoto Cancer Treatment Center Kochi Medical School Tokai Central Hospital Sohara Higashijimacho

Malignant ascites affects approximately 10% of patients with gastric cancer(gC), and poses significant difficulties for both patients and clinicians. In addition to the dismal general condition of affected patients and the diversity of associated complications such as jaundice and ileus, problems in assessing scattered tumors have hampered the expansion of clinical trials for this condition. However, the accumulation of reported studies is starting to indicate that the weak response to treatment in g C patients with malignant ascites is more relevant to their poor prognosis rather than to the ascites volume at diagnosis. Therefore, precise assessment of initial state of ascites, repetitive evaluation of treatment efficacy, selection of suitable treatment, and swift transition to other treatment options as needed are paramount to maximizing patient benefit. Accurately determining ascites volume is the crucial first step in clinically treating a patient with malignant ascites. Ultrasonography is commonly used to identify the existence of ascites, and several methods have been proposed to estimate ascites volume. Reportedly, the sum of the depth of ascites at five points(named "five-point method") on three panels of computed tomography images is well correlated to the actual ascites volume and/or abdominal girth. This method is already suited to repetitive assessment due to its convenience compared to the conventional volume rendering method. Meanwhile, a new concept, "Clinical Benefit Response in g C(CBR-GC)", was recently introduced to measure the efficacy of chemotherapy for malignant ascites of g C. CBR-GC is a simple and reliable patient-oriented evaluation system based on changes in performance status and ascites, and is expected to become an important clinical endpoint in future clinical trials. The principal of treatment for g C patients with ascites is palliation and prevention of ascites-related symptoms. The treatment options are various, including a standar

关键词： Ascites Clinical benefit Gastric cancer Peritoneal

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Evaluation of dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of unpoled and poled barium titanate polycrystals with oxygen vacancies using phase field method

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2016年第4期7卷 265-275页

作者： Fumio Narita Takuya kobayashi Yasuhide Shindo Department of Materials Processing Graduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba-yama 6-6-02SendaiJapan

This article studies the dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of unpoled and poled barium titanate(BaTiO_(3))polycrystals with oxygen vacancies.A phase field model is employed for BaTiO_(3) polycrystals,coupled with the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory and the oxygen vacancies diffusion,to demonstrate the interaction between oxygen vacancies and domain *** generate grain structures,the phase field model for grain growth is also *** hysteresis loop and butterfly curve are predicted at room and high *** permittivity,and longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric constants of the BaTiO_(3) polycrystals are then examined for various grain sizes and oxygen vacancy densities.

关键词： Mesomechanics phase field method ferroelectric ceramics piezoelectric property smart materials and structures

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Use of Asian selected agricultural byproducts to modulate rumen microbes and fermentation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 317-326页

作者： Yasuo kobayashi Seongjin Oh Htun Myint Satoshi Koike Lab of Animal Function and Nutrition Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589 Japan

In the last five decades, attempts have been made to improve rumen fermentation and host animal nutrition through modulation of rumen microbiota. The goals have been decreasing methane production, partially inhibiting protein degradation to avoid excess release of ammonia, and activation of fiber digestion. The main approach has been the use of dietary supplements. Since growth-promoting antibiotics were banned in European countries in2006, safer alternatives including plant-derived materials have been explored. Plant oils, their component fatty acids,plant secondary metabolites and other compounds have been studied, and many originate or are abundantly available in Asia as agricultural byproducts. In this review, the potency of selected byproducts in inhibition of methane production and protein degradation, and in stimulation of fiber degradation was described in relation to their modes of action. In particular, cashew and ginkgo byproducts containing alkylphenols to mitigate methane emission and bean husks as a source of functional fiber to boost the number of fiber-degrading bacteria were highlighted. Other byproducts influencing rumen microbiota and fermentation profile were also described. Future application of these feed and additive candidates is very dependent on a sufficient, cost-effective supply and optimal usage in feeding practice.

关键词： Agricultural byproduct Fermentation Fiber degradation Methane mitigation Microbiota Plant secondary metabolites Rumen

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Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth with Non-Iron- Group “Catalysts” by Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Nano Research 2009年第10期2卷 793-799页

作者： Yoshikazu Homma Huaping Liu Daisuke Takagi Yoshihiro kobayashi Department of Physics Tokyo University of ScienceShinjukuTokyo 162-8601Japan NTT Basic Research Laboratories Nippon Telegraph and Telephone CorporationAtsugiKanagawa 243-0198Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Nanotechnology Research InstituteTsukubaIbaraki305-8561Japan Department of Applied Physics Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Various materials have been found to“catalyze”carbon nanotube growth in chemical vapor deposition(CVD)when they become nano-sized *** involve not only metals,such as Pd,Pt,Au,Ag,and Cu,but also semiconductors,such as Si,Ge,and *** and diamond nanoparticles also produce carbon ***“catalysts”,which are better called“seeds”,can be categorized into two types:one type forms a eutectic liquid or highly-mobile alloy with carbon,and carbon atoms precipitate from the eutectic alloy;the other type remains as a solid phase and form a carbon surface layer during CVD *** this paper,we review recent studies of SWCNT growth with these non-iron-group materials and highlight the mechanisms involved.

关键词： Carbon nanotube catalyst seed growth mechanism chemical vapor deposition vapor liquid solid mechanism

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SYNTHESIS OF ORGANOGERMANE OLIGOMERS VIA LIGAND SUBSTITUTION POLYMERIZATION FROM 1, 4-DIOXANE COMPLEX OF GERMANIUM DICHLORIDE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1997年第4期15卷 347-352页

作者：曹少魁李晨光郑世军李自法 kobayashi Shiro Department of Materials Engineering Zhengzhou Univ. Zhengzhou 450052 China Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku Univ. Aoba Sendai 980-77 Japan

Some organogermanium oligomers with different side groups were synthesized via ligand substitution polymerization from I, l-dioxane complex of germanium dichloride with different organolithium compounds. The oligomers were isolated through either precipitation from methanol or extraction using toluene with a yield of no less than 50%. The weight average molecular weight (M-w) of the oligomers is ranging from 1.4 x 10(3) to 5.9 x 10(3) depending on the type and alkyl length of the organolithium compounds used.

关键词： organogermanium oligomer polygermane ligand substitution polymerization germanium dichloride organolithium compounds

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Production of asexual and sexual offspring in the triploid sexual planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 265-271页

作者： Kazuya kobayashi Sachiko ARIOKA Motonori HOSHI Midori MATSUMOTO Department of Biosciences and Informatics Keio UniversityYokohamaJapan

Certain freshwater planarians reproduce asexually as well as sexually,and their chromosomal ploidies include polyploidy,aneuploidy and ***,we successfully performed an experiment in which a clonal population produced by asexual reproduction of the Dugesia ryukyuensis(OH strain)switched to the sexual mode of *** of this strain are triploid with a pericentric inversion on Chromosome *** worms were switched to sexual reproduction after being fed with sexually mature Bdellocephala brunnea,which is a sexually reproducing *** resulting sexualized OH strain produced cocoons filled with several *** putative factors,Mendelian factor(s)and chromosomal control(s),have been proposed as determining the reproductive *** present study demonstrated that inbreeding of the resultant sexualized worms produced the following four types of offspring through sexual reproduction:diploid asexual worms,triploid asexual worms,diploid sexual worms and triploid sexual *** chromosomal mutation on Chromosome 4 was inherited by these offspring independent of their reproductive *** results provide two important pieces of information:(i)the putative genetic factor was not necessarily inherited in a Mendelian fashion;and(ii)the reproductive mode is not regulated by chromosomal changes such as polyploidy or chromosomal *** suggests that asexuality in *** is regulated by an unknown factor(s)other than a Mendelian factor or a chromosomal control.

关键词： asexuality Dugesia ryukyuensis planarian polyploidy reproductive mode.

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Bandgap-tunable lateral and vertical heterostructures based on monolayer Mo1-xWxS2 alloys

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3261-3271页

作者： Yu kobayashi Shohei Mori Yutaka Maniwa Yasumitsu Miyata DepartmentofPhysics TokyoMetropolitanUniversityHachiojiTokyo192-0397Japan JST PRESTOKawaguchiSaitama332-0012Japan

The fabrication of heterostructures of two-dimensional semiconductors with specific bandgaps is an important approach to realizing the full potential of these materials in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Several groups have recently reported the direct growth of lateral and vertical heterostructures based on monolayers of typical semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides （TMDCs） such as WSe2, MoSe2, WS2, and MoS2. Here, we demonstrate the single-step direct growth of lateral and vertical heterostructures based on bandgap-tunable Mo1-xWxS2 alloy monolayers by the sulfurization of patterned thin films of WO3 and MoO3. These patterned films are capable of generating a wide variety of concentration gradients by the diffusion of transition metals during the crystal growth phase. Under high temperatures, this leads to the formation of monolayer crystals of Mo1-xWxS2 alloys with various compositions and bandgaps, depending on the positions of the crystals on the substrates. Heterostructures of these alloys are obtained through stepwise changes in the ratio of W/Mo within a single domain during low-temperature growth. The stabilization of the monolayer Mo1-xWxS2 alloys, which often degrade even under gentle conditions, was accomplished by coating the alloys with other monolayers. The present findings demonstrate an efficient means of both studying and optimizing the optical and electrical properties of TMDC-based heterostructures to allow use of the materials in future device applications.

关键词： transition metaldichalcogenide Mo1-xWxS2 alloy heterostructure thin-film sulfurization photoluminescence stability

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Hepatoid carcinoma of the pancreas mimicking neuroendocrine tumor

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第6期7卷 501-502页

作者： Kentaro Fukushima Akira kobayashi First Department of Surgery Shinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further investigation of a tumor in the pancreatic *** had no symptoms or chronic liver *** hormones,CEA,and CA19-9 were *** alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxy p... 详细信息

关键词： admitted pancreas assessed

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Digestion performance and microbial community in full-scale methane fermentation of stillage from sweet potato-shochu production

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第2期26卷 423-431页

作者： Tsutomu kobayashi Yueqin Tang Toyoshi Urakami Shigeru Morimura Kenji Kida Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-0862 Japan Kirishima Shuzo Co. Ltd 4-28-1 Shimokawahigashi Miyakonojo 885-8588 Japan College of Architecture and Environment Sichuan University

Sweet potato shochu is a traditional Japanese spirit produced mainly in the South Kyushu area in Japan. The amount of stillage reaches approximately 8 x 105 tons per year. Wastewater mainly containing stillage from the production of sweet potato-shochu was treated thermophilically in a fullscale treatment plant using fixed-bed reactors （8 reactors ×283 m3）. Following the addition of Ni2＋ and Co2＋, the reactors have been stably operated for six years at a high chemical oxygen demand （COD） loading rate of 14 kg/（***）. Analysis of coenzyme content and microbial communities indicated that similar microbial communities were present in the liquid phase and on the fiber carders installed in reactors. Bacteria in the phyla Firmieutes as well as Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria, and Methanosarcina thermophila as well as Methanothermobacter crinale were dominant methanogens in the reactors. This study reveals that stillage from sweet potato-shochu production can be treated effectively in a full-scale fixed-bed reactor under thermophilic conditions with the help of Ni2~ and Co2＋. The high diversity of bacterial community and the coexistence of both aceticlastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens contributed to the excellent fermentation performance.

关键词： thermophilic methane fermentation stillage treatment full-scale fixed-bed reactor microbial community

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Case of acute pancreatitis associated with Campylobacter enteritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7514-7517页

作者： Rumiko kobayashi Satohiro Matsumoto Yukio Yoshida Department of Gastroenterology Saitama Medical CenterJichi Medical UniversitySaitama 330-8503Japan

A 25-year-old man was admitted with the chief complaints of right flank pain,watery diarrhea,and *** tests revealed high levels of inflammatory markers,and infectious enteritis was diagnosed.A stool culture obtained on admission revealed no growth of any significant *** therapy was undertaken with fasting and fluid *** day 2 of admission,the fever resolved,the frequency of defecation reduced,the right flank pain began to subside,and the white blood cell count started to *** hospital day 4,the frequency of diarrhea decreased to approximately 5 times per day,and the right flank pain ***,the patient developed epigastric pain and increased blood levels of the pancreatic *** computed tomography revealed mild pancreatic *** pancreatitis was diagnosed,and conservative therapy with fasting and fluid replacement was continued.A day later,the blood levels of the pancreatic enzymes peaked *** hospital day 7,the patient passed stools with fresh blood,and Campylobacter jejuni/coli was detected by *** gastrointestinal endoscopy performed on hospital day 8 revealed diffuse aphthae extending from the terminal ileum to the entire *** on the findings,pancreatitis associated with Campylobacter enteritis was *** the present case,a possible mechanism of onset of pancreatitis was invasion of the pancreatic duct by Campylobacter and the host immune responses to Campylobacter.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Campylobacter Enteritis Bacteria Infectious colitis

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