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Preventative medicine and Alzheimer's disease: is Alzheimer's disease risk reduction achievable?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1772-1773页

作者： benjamin Sinyor Richard Isaacson Christopher Ochner HCA Healthcare NashvilleTNUSA Weil Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNYUSA

Alzheimer 's disease(AD) has a multifactorial etiology that has eluded scientists and clinicians for decades. This incomplete understanding of the causal factors likely contributes to the dearth of effective therapeut... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer elude likely

Sedimentation acceleration of remanent iron oxide by magnetic flocculation

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China Particuology 2007年第1期5卷 145-150页

作者： Mathias Stolarski Christian Eichholz benjamin Fuchs Hermann Nirschl Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics (MVM) University of Karlsruhe 76131 Karlsruhe Germany DuPont Experimental Station Building E304 Wilmington DE 19880 USA

Sedimentation based processes are widely used in industry to separate particles from a liquid phase. Since the advent of the ＂Nanoworld＂ the demand for effective separation technologies has rapidly risen, calling for the development of new separation concepts, one of which lies in hybrid separation using the superposition of a magnetic field for magnetic particles. Possible product portfolio of such separation consists of pigment production, nanomagnetics production for electronics and bio separation, A promising step in that direction is magnetic field enhanced cake filtration, which has by now progressed from batch to continuous ooeration. In sedimentation processes in a mass force field the settling behaviour of particles strongly depends on physico-chemical properties, concentration and size distribution of the particles. By adjusting the pH, the interparticle forces, in particular the electrostatic repulsion, can be manipulated. For remanent magnetic particles such as magnetite, pre-treatment in a magnetic field could lead to a change of interparticle interactions. By magnetizing the particles apart from van der Waals attraction and electrostatic repulsion, an additional potential is induced, the magnetic attraction, which could easily dominate the other potentials and result in agglomeration in the primary minimum. By sedimentation analysis, a wide spectrum of parameters like pH, magnetic field strength and concentration have been investigated. The results show a strong increase of sedimentation velocity by magnetic flocculation of the raw suspension. This leads to a rise in throughput due to the acceleration of sedimentation kinetics by imparting a non-chemical interaction to the physico-chemical properties in the feed stream of the separation apparatus.

关键词： Magnetic flocculation Field enhanced separation Cake filtration Magnetic structuring Magnetic separation

The East London glaucoma prediction score: web-based validation of glaucoma risk screening tool

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第1期6卷 95-102页

作者： Cook Stephen Longo-Mbenza benjamin The Eye Centre East London Eastern Cape Province Faculty of Health Sciences Walter Sisulu University

AIM:It is difficult for Optometrists and General Practitioners to know which patients are at risk. The East London glaucoma prediction score (ELGPS) is a web based risk calculator that has been developed to determine Glaucoma risk at the time of screening. Multiple risk factors that are available in a low tech environment are assessed to provide a risk assessment. This is extremely useful in settings where access to specialist care is difficult. Use of the calculator is educational. It is a free web based service. Data capture is user specific. METHODS:The scoring system is a web based questionnaire that captures and subsequently calculates the relative risk for the presence of Glaucoma at the time of screening. Three categories of patient are described:Unlikely to have Glaucoma; Glaucoma Suspect and Glaucoma. A case review methodology of patients with known diagnosis is employed to validate the calculator risk assessment. RESULTS:Data from the patient records of 400 patients with an established diagnosis has been captured and used to validate the screening tool. The website reports that the calculated diagnosis correlates with the actual diagnosis 82% of the time. Biostatistics analysis showed:Sensitivity = 88% ; Positive predictive value = 97%; Specificity = 75%. CONCLUSION:Analysis of the first 400 patients validates the web based screening tool as being a good method of screening for the at risk population. The validation is ongoing. The web based format will allow a more widespread recruitment for different geographic, population and personnel variables.

关键词： glaucoma score diagnosis tomography management South Africa

New models for defining prostate cancer biology and patient prognosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 119-120页

作者： James Brundage benjamin L Maughan Huntsman Cancer Institute University of Utah2000 Circle of HopeSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Currently,the prognosis of patients with metastatic prostate cancer is most commonly defined by clinical factors including performance status,presence of visceral metastasis,lactate dehydrogenase level,opioid analgesic use,albumin level,presence of anemia,prostate-specific antigen level,and alkaline phosphatase level(i.e.,Halabi model).1 This model is most commonly used in the current prospective clinical trials ***,it is only an inference of the underlying biology and not a direct measurement of that biology.

关键词： prognosis clinical cancer

Special Topic： Cretaceous greenhouse palaeoclimate and sea-level changes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 1-4页

作者： XiuMian HU Michael WAGREICH benjamin SAMES State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University China Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology Center for Earth Sciences University of Vienna Austria

Earth＇s climate has oscillated between greenhouse （warm） and icehouse （cold） modes throughout Earth history. At present, Earth is in the midst of an icehouse climate interval, despite the anthropogenic contribution to global warming and sea-level rise due to industrialization during the past two centuries. This led to a dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2, mainly caused by the extensive burning of fossils fuels. The Cretaceous （145 to 66 million years ago） is the youngest prolonged greenhouse climate interval in the Phanerozoic, marked by very high global mean temperatures with some extreme warming peaks （＇hothouse＇ or ＇supergreenhouse＇）, largely absence of permanent continental ice sheets, a mean global sea-level having been some 250 m higher than that of today, and levels of carbon dioxide 4 to 10 times higher than those of the pre-industrial era. If temperature will continue to rise as quickly as in the last three decades, we are close to being at the cusp to a new greenhouse climate interval facing quickly rising global sea-level and reaching atmospheric CO2 levels of the ＇Cretaceous supergreenhouse＇ in about the years 2190-2260 （Hay, 2011）. Evidence from Earth＇s history indicates that glacial-interglacial climate mode changes as well as past sea-level changes such as in the Cretaceous greenhouse occurred at rates orders of magnitude slower than observed at present. The recent rise in global sea-level in response to rising levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases, the associated global warm- ing, and the waning of continental ice shields is a primary concern for human society. To predict future sea-levels we need a better understanding of the record of past sea-level changes, especially in the greenhouse palaeoclimate modes. Therefore, understanding the Cretaceous palaeoclimate is essential for a more accurate prediction of future global climate, sea-level rise and environmental changes in a prospective ＇Cretaceous-like＇ greenhouse Earth.

关键词： greenhouse Cretaceous warming anthropogenic despite throughout

A new rat model of portal hypertension induced by intraportal injection of microspheres

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1998年第1期4卷 71-74页

作者： LI Xiang-Nong is benjamin B Alexander Department of Liver Surgery Affiliated Hospital Xuzhou Medical College Xuzhou 221002 China Department of Surgery King's Coll. Sch. of Med. and Dent. London United Kingdom Department of Liver Surgery Affiliated Hospital Xuzhou Medical College China Xuzhou Medical College China Beijing Medical University China Department of Surgery King's College School and Dentistry United Kingdom Department of Liver Surgery Affiliated Hospital Xuzhou Medical College Xuzhou 221002 50 Jiaheqian Street China

IM To produce a new rat model of portal hypertension by intraportal injection of microspheres.METHODS Measured aliquots of single or differentsized microspheres (15, 40, 80μm) were injected into the portal vein to block intrahepatic portal radicals. The resultant changes in arterial, portal, hepatic venous and splenic pulp pressures were monitored. The liver and lungs were excised for histological examination.RESULTS Portal venous pressure was elevated from basal value of 089-102 kPa to a steadystate of 198-319 kPa following the sequential injections of single or differentsized microspheres, with a markedly lowered mean arterial pressure. However, a smalldose injection of 80μm microspheres (18×105) produced a steadystate portal venous pressure of 253±017 kPa, and all rats showed normal arterial pressures. In addition, numerous microspheres were found in the lungs in all experimental groups.CONCLUSION Portal hypertension can be reproduced in rats by intraportal injection of microspheres at a small dose of 80μm (18×105). Intrahepatic portalsystemic shunts probably exist in the normal rat liver..

关键词： portal vein hypertension,portal disease model,animal latex microsphere

The Civil Examination System in Late Imperial China, 1400-1900

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第1期8卷 32-50页

作者： benjamin A, Elman Department Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544-1008 USA

Scholars often contend that civil examinations were what made imperial China a political meritocracy. They point to the examination system to show that the selection process served more as a common training program for literati than as a gate-keeper to keep non-elites out. Despite the symbiotic relations between the court and its literati, the emperor played the final card in the selection process. The asymmetrical relations between the throne and its elites nevertheless empowered elites to seek upward mobility as scholar-officials through the system. But true social mobility, peasants becoming officials, was never the goal of state policy in late imperial China; a modest level of social circulation was an unexpected consequence of the meritocratic civil service. Moreover, the meri^t-based bureaucracy never broke free of its dependence on an authoritarian imperial system. A modem political system might be more compatible with meritocracy, however. One of the unintended consequences of the civil examinations was creation of classically literate men （and women）, who used their linguistic talents for a variety of non-official purposes, from literati physicians to local pettifoggers, from fiction-writers to examination essay teachers, from Buddhist and Daoist monks to mothers and daughters. If there was much social mobility, i.e., the opportunity for members of the lower classes to rise in the social hierarchy, it was likely here. Rather than ＂social mobility,＂ this phenomenon might be better described as a healthy ＂circulation＂ of lower and upper elites when compared to aristocratic Europe and Japan.

关键词： Meritocracy civil service examinations late imperial China education reproduction

Test Elements, Generic Elements and Almost Primitivity in Free Products

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Algebra Colloquium 2016年第2期23卷 263-280页

作者： Ann-Kristin Engel benjamin Fine Gerhard Rosenberger Faculty of Mathematics TU-Braunschweig 38106 Braunschweig Germany Department of Mathematics Fairfield University Fairfield Connecticut 06430 USA Fachbereich Mathematik University of Hamburg Bundesstrasse 55 20146 Hamburg Germany FIM University of Passau Innstrasse 33 94032 Passau Germany

In [5, 6] the relationships between test words, generic elements, almost primitivity and tame almost primitivity were examined in free groups. In this paper we extend the concepts and connections to general free produ... 详细信息

关键词： test elements generic elements almost primitive elements free products

Nanoparticle assembly enabled by EHD-printed monolayers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 154-162页

作者： benjamin Francis Porter Nhlakanipho Mkhize Harish Bhaskaran Department of Materials University of OxfordOxford OX13PHUK

Augmenting existing devices and structures at the nanoscale with unique functionalities is an exciting *** is the ability to eventually enable at the nanoscale,a version of rapid prototyping via additive *** this requires a step-up in manufacturing for industrial use of these devices through fast,inexpensive prototyping with nanoscale *** this paper,we combine two very promising techniques—self-assembly and printing—to achieve additively nanomanufactured *** start by showing that monolayers can drive the assembly of nanoparticles into pre-defined patterns with single-particle resolution;then crucially we demonstrate for the first time that molecular monolayers can be printed using electrohydrodynamic(EHD)-jet *** functionality and resolution of such printed monolayers then drives the self-assembly of nanoparticles,demonstrating the integration of EHD with *** shows that such process combinations can lead towards more integrated process flows in ***,in-process metrology is a key requirement for any large-scale nanomanufacturing,and we show that Dual-Harmonic Kelvin Probe Microscopy provides a robust metrology technique to characterising these patterned structures through the convolution of geometrical and environmental *** represent a first step toward combining different additive nanomanufacturing techniques and metrology techniques that could in future provide additively nanomanufactured devices and structures.

关键词： additive nanomanufacturing dual-harmonic Kelvin probe microscopy electrohydrodynamic printing self-assembly 24 nanoparticles