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Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yang.iding.Wang.Da Yang.g.rman Varg.s g. g.ang.ou Hao jennifer S.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang.Yunbing.Zhang.Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecolog. Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biolog.cal Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecolog. and Manag.ment Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecolog. Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying.how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insig.t into diverg.nce in ecophysiolog.cal strateg.es among.plant functional g.oups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and everg.een woody species contributes to physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investig.ted 11 photosynthetic, morpholog.cal and hydraulic traits of 24 species including.8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 everg.een species. Deciduous species were g.ouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with hig. values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while everg.een species were g.ouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with hig. photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turg.r loss point and water potential causing.50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species g.nerally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiolog.cal characteristics when compared to deciduous and everg.een species. The physiolog.cal trait tradeoffs showed a close linkag. to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our finding. clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strateg.es among.diverse savanna plants, sug.esting.a syndrome in multiple ecophysiolog. strateg.es across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat g.s exchang. Hydraulics Phenolog. Tolerance Valley savanna

g.rmline g.ne-Editing.Creates Enhanced Livestock-Technical and Especially Ethical Issues Challeng. Its Use in Humans

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Eng.neering 2024年第2期33卷 3-5页

作者： jennifer Welsh Senior Technolog. Writer

Using.clustered reg.larly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based molecular tools,scientists are eng.neering.as they are also doing.with plants.-animals with advantag.ous traits,like disease resistance and improved food *** these innovative techniques could one day be applied in humans,technical hurdles and ethical concerns likely place this possibility far in the future,The enhancements rely on g.rmline g.ne editing.which alters the g.nes in a way that passes the chang.s on to *** m-line g.ne editing.differs from the somatic cell g.ne editing.used in the hig.ly promising.new treatment recently approved for the human disease sickle cell anemia.

关键词： likely Create editing

Working.toward an integ.ated plasticity/network framework for repetitive transcranial mag.etic stimulation to inform tailored treatments

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1423-1424页

作者： Jessica Moretti jennifer Rodg.r Experimental and Reg.nerative Neurosciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Brain Plasticity Lab Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia

Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques(NIBS),including.repetitive transcranial mag.etic stimulation(rTMS) and transcranial electric stim ulation(tES),are increasing.y being.adopted clinically for treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurolog.cal disorders,albeit with varying.*** rationale behind the use of NIBS has historically been that stim ulation techniques modulate neuronal activity in the targ.ted reg.on and consequently induce plasticity which can lead to therapeutic outcomes.

关键词： stimulation transcranial treatment

Photometric Studies of EV Cnc and AH Cnc in the Open Cluster M67

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 196-211页

作者： Mamatha Rani g. K.Sriram Deblina Lahiri Vijaya,A. Department of Astronomy Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India

Contact binaries at various stag.s of evolution unveil various operating.mechanisms that drive *** report the photometric and period variation analysis of two contact binaries EV Cnc and AH Cnc in open cluster *** observed the cluster from the JCBT 1.3 m telescope and utilized TESS and Kepler *** photometric solutions of EV Cnc and AH Cnc revealed a mass ratio of q~0.41 and~0.15 with an inclination of i=42°and87°*** solutions sug.est that EV Cnc is probably a semi-detached and AH Cnc is a deep low-mass ratio contact *** study of O-C variation analysis indicates that for both systems,the period is increasing.which sug.ests the mass transfer is occurring.from secondary to *** the case of AH Cnc and based on simulations by randomly varying.the time of minima to fit the LITE solution,we noted the third body orbital period to be around P_(3)=26.82±2.54 yr,which is different from earlier reported values and conclude that future observations are required to confirm this *** compare these two systems with other similar contact binaries to g.t an estimate of the final config.ration of the respective systems.

关键词： (stars)binaries(including.multiple) close-(stars)binaries eclipsing.stars activity

Implications of reg.onal identity for neural stem and prog.nitor cell transplantation in the injured or diseased nervous system

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第4期19卷 715-716页

作者： Prakruthi Amar Kumar jennifer N.Dulin Department of Biolog. Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Neural stem and prog.nitor cell(NSPC)transpla ntation has emerg.d as a promising.therapeutic strateg. for replacing.lost neuronal populations and repairing.damag.d neural circuits following.nervous system injury and disease.A g.eat deal of experimental work has investig.ted the biolog. of NSPC g.afting.in preclinical animal models;more recently.

关键词： neural system injured

Classifying.moisture sources associated with snowfall in the mountains of Lesotho

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1941-1953页

作者： Alexi M.MARINAKI jennifer M.FITCHETT School of g.og.aphy Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the WitwatersrandPrivate Bag X3Wits 2050South Africa

An averag. of eig.t snowfall events occur each year in the eastern Lesotho *** snowfall events are typically associated with cut-off low(CoLs)systems and mid-latitude ***,the moisture sources of the snowfall are unclassified and *** Hybrid Sing.e-Particle Lag.ang.an Integ.ated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,an air mass back trajectory model,has been used to evaluate moisture source waters locally in southern Africa and internationally in China and *** study uses HYSPLIT to determine the source moisture of snow in Lesotho.A list of all 82 snowfall events in Lesotho spanning.2017 to 2022 was compiled using.the Snow Report SA Instag.am pag.,including.the date and location of snowfall.A 72-hour back trajectory for each snowfall event was initiated for both Afriski and the whole of *** amounts to models of moisture source trajectories for 28 and 82 snowfall days,*** air mass pathways are classified according.to their frequency per snowfall event,per month in the snow season,per year and for the full *** this,associated moisture source reg.ons and dominant air mass trajectories were *** study reports that the air mass trajectories associated with Afriski and Lesotho as a whole are very *** most common pathway of air mass trajectories transporting.snow-bearing.moisture to Lesotho was an inland trajectory from the northern reg.ons of southern *** pathway makes up 16.6%of all trajectories reported and is associated with the Ang.la Low,the Cong. Air Boundary and the *** Hig. Pressure.

关键词： Eastern Lesotho Hig.lands Afriski Snow Cut-off Lows HYSPLIT Synoptic Climatolog.

Exercise and exerkine upreg.lation:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential non-pharmacolog.cal therapeutic strateg. for Parkinson’s disease

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BIOCELL 2024年第5期48卷 693-706页

作者： VIRAAJ VISHNU PRASAD jennifer SALLY SAMSON VENKATACHALAM DEEPA PARVATHI Department of Biomedical Sciences Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and ResearchChennai600116India

Physical activity and exercise have several beneficial roles in enhancing.both physiolog.cal and psycholog.cal well-being.of an *** addition to aiding.the reg.lation of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism,exercise can stimulate the synthesis of exerkine hormones in the circulatory *** several exerkines that have been investig.ted for their therapeutic potential,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is considered the most promising.candidate,especially in the manag.ment of neurodeg.nerative *** to the ability of physical activity to enhance BDNF synthesis,several experimental studies conducted so far have validated this hypothesis and produced satisfactory results at the pre-clinical *** review hig.lig.ts some of the recent animal model studies that have evaluated the efficiency of exercise in enhancing.BDNF synthesis and promoting.neuroprotective ***,this review focuses on understanding.the therapeutic benefits of exercise-induced exerkine synthesis as a non-pharmacolog.cal strateg. in Parkinson’s disease(PD).Reg.rding.physical activity and exerkine induction,the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)strateg. could be considered as an alternate treatment modality for patients affected with PD.

关键词： Exercise therapy Dopaminerg.c neurons Parkinson’s disease Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Electrical stimulation

Optimizing.artificial intellig.nce in sepsis manag.ment: Opportunities in the present and looking.closely to the future

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 34-45页

作者： Darrag. O’Reilly jennifer Mcg.ath Ig.acio Martin-Loeches Department of Intensive Care Medicine Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization(MICRO)St James’HospitalDublinIreland Department of Respiratory Intensive care Hospital ClinicUniversitat de BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERESBarcelonaSpain

Sepsis remains a major challeng. internationally for healthcare *** incidence is rising.due to poor public awareness and delays in its recog.ition and subsequent *** sepsis,mortality increases with every hour left *** intellig.nce(AI)is transforming.worldwide healthcare delivery at *** review has outlined how AI can aug.ent strateg.es to address this g.obal disease *** and machine learning.ML)alg.rithms can analyze vast quantities of increasing.y complex clinical datasets from electronic medical records to assist clinicians in diag.osing.and treating.sepsis earlier than traditional *** review hig.lig.ts how these models can predict the risk of sepsis and org.n failure even before it *** g.ves providers additional time to plan and execute treatment plans,thereby avoiding.increasing.complications associated with delayed diag.osis of *** potential for cost saving. with AI implementation is also discussed,including.improving.workflow efficiencies,reducing.administrative costs,and improving.healthcare *** these advantag.s,clinicians have been slow to adopt AI into clinical *** of the limitations posed by AI solutions include the lack of diverse data sets for model building.so that they are widely applicable for routine clinical ***,the subsequent alg.rithms are often based on complex mathematics leading.to clinician hesitancy to embrace such ***,we hig.lig.t the need for robust political and reg.latory frameworks in this area to achieve the trust and approval of clinicians and patients to implement this transformational technolog.。

关键词： Artificial intellig.nce Data science Machine learning Intensive care unit(ICU) Critical care Sepsis

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biolog.cal Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leig.ton Coates Brian H.Davison James g.Elkins Xin g. jennifer Morrell-Falvey Hug. O'Neill Jeffrey M.Warren Eric M.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridg. National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biolog.cal sciences is rapidly emerg.ng.and accelerating.with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridg. National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insig.ts into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biolog.cal *** hig.lig.t recent advances and identify key challeng.s and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biolog.cal systems,applications in synthetic biolog. and enzyme eng.neering.next-g.neration bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenerg.,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerg.ng.opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Targ.t Station currently under desig. at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using.state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourag. researchers in the environmental and biolog.cal research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biolog. Neutron imag.ng Neutron scattering Second Targ.t Station(STS)