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二次脑创伤对鼠脑EAA、TXA2及PGi2代谢的影响及意义

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二次脑创伤对鼠脑EAA、TXA2及PGI2代谢的影响及意义

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

“科技增强国力，青年开创未来——携手走向辉煌的新世纪”中国科协第三届青年学术年会

作者：费舟章翔易声禹 i.r.piper D.Thomson J.D.Miller 第四军医大学西京医院神经外科英国爱丁堡大学临床神经科学研究所

目的是探讨合并二次脑创伤如低血压或高热时鼠脑海马细胞外液兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)与皮层血栓素A(TXA)、前列环素(PGi)含量变化及意义。在大鼠加速性弥漫性脑损伤模型基础上,造成低血压及高热形成二次脑创伤,32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照... 详细信息

目的是探讨合并二次脑创伤如低血压或高热时鼠脑海马细胞外液兴奋性氨基酸(EAA)与皮层血栓素A(TXA)、前列环素(PGi)含量变化及意义。在大鼠加速性弥漫性脑损伤模型基础上,造成低血压及高热形成二次脑创伤,32只SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照、脑损伤、二次脑创伤及脑损伤并二次脑创伤4组。在二次创伤后1h检测EAA含量,4h断头处死大鼠检测TXA与PGi含量。结果:与假手术组对比,单纯二次脑创伤组有EAA及PGi含量增高(Pi含量均显著增高(Pi这个脑保护剂含量增加,可能与参予脑损伤修复有关。在合并二次脑创伤组,EAA、TXA及PGi含量均增高提示其参予加重原发性脑损伤。

关键词：脑损伤兴奋性氨基酸血栓素A2 前列环素低血压高热

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.piper ryan T.Elder raveena r.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro rylie M.roddick Jae Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BiO institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. in contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. in conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ArMS)PCr assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ArMS-PCr colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

Dominant Lid Tectonics behaviour of continental lithosphere in Precambrian times:Palaeomagnetism confirms prolonged quasi-integrity and absence of supercontinent cycles

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 61-89页

作者： J.D.A.piper Geomagnetism Laboratory Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of Liverpool

Although Plate Tectonics cannot be effectively tested by palaeomagnetism in the Precambrian aeon due to the paucity of high precision poles spanning such a long time period,the possibility of Lid Tectonics is eminently testable because it seeks accordance of the wider dataset over prolonged intervals of time;deficiencies and complexities in the data merely contribute to *** of palaeomagnetic poles across a quasi-integral continental crust for time periods of up to thousands of millions of years,together with recognition of very long intervals characterised by minimal polar motions(～2.6-2.0,～1.5-1.25 and～0.75-0.6 Ga)has been used to demonstrate that Lid Tectonics dominated this *** new PALEOMAGiA database is used to refine a model for the Precambrian lid incorporating a large quasiintegral crescentric core running from South-Central Africa through Laurentia to Siberia with peripheral cratons subject to reorganisation at～2.1,～1.6 and～1.1 *** model explains low levels of tidal friction,reduced heat balance,unique petrologic and isotopic signatures,and the prolonged crustal stability of Earth's"Middle Age",whilst density concentrations of the palaeomagnetic poles show that the centre of the continental lid was persistently focussed near Earth's rotation axis from～2.8 to 0.6 *** exception was the～2.7-2.2 Ga interval defined by～90°polar movements which translated the periphery of the lid to the rotation pole for this quasi-static period,a time characterised by glaciation and low levels of magmatic activity;the～2.7 Ga shift correlates with key interval of mid-Archaean crustal growth to some 60-70%of the present volume and rEE signatures whilst the～2.2 Ga shift correlates with the Lomagundiδ～(13)C and Great Oxygenation *** palaeomagnetic signature of breakup of the lid at～0.6 Ga is recorded by the world-wide Ediacaran development of passive margins and associated environmental signatures of new ocean *** event defined the end of a

关键词： Lid Tectonics Plate tectonics Archaean Proterozoic Palaeomagnetism PALEOMAGiA

Continental velocity through Precambrian times:The link to magmatism,crustal accretion and episodes of global cooling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第1期4卷 7-36页

作者： J.D.A.piper Geomagnetism Laboratory Geology and GeophysicsSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of Liverpool.Liverpool L69 7ZEUK

Quasi-integrity of continental crust between Mid-Archaean and Ediacaran times is demonstrated by conformity of palaeomagnetic poles to near-static positions between -2.7-2.2 Ga, -1.5-1.2 Ga and -0.75-0.6 Ga. intervening data accord to coherent APW loops turning at ＂hairpins＂ focused near a continental-centric location. Although peripheral adjustments occurred during Early Proterozoic （-2.2 Ga） and Grenville （- 1.1 Ga） times, the crust retained a low order symmetrical crescent-shaped form constrained to a single global hemisphere until break-up in Ediacaran times. Conformity of palaeomagnetic data to specific Eulerian parameters enables definition of a master Precambrian APW path used to estimate the root mean square velocity （VrMS） of continental crust between 2.8 and 0.6 Ga. A long interval of little polar movement between -2.7 and 2.2 Ga correlates with global magmatic shutdown between -2.45 and 2.2 Ga, whilst this interval and later slowdown at -0.75-0.6 Ga to velocities of 〈2 cm/year correlate with episodes of widespread glaciation implying that these prolonged climatic anomalies had an internal origin; the reduced input of volcanically-derived atmospheric greenhouse gases is inferred to have permitted freeze-over conditions with active ice sheets extending into equatorial latitudes as established by low magnetic inclinations in glaciogenic deposits. VrMS vari- ations through Precambrian times correspond to the distribution of U-Pb ages in orogenic granitoids and detrital zircons and demonstrate that mobility of continental crust has been closely related to crustal tectonism and incrementation. Both periods of near-stillstand were followed by rapid VrMS recording massive heat release from beneath the continental lid at -2.2 and 0.6 Ga. The first coincided with the Lomagundi-Jatuli isotopic event and led to prolonged orogenesis accompanied by continental flooding and reconfiguration of the crust on the Earth＇s surface; the second led to continental break-up and i

关键词： Continental velocity Precambrian Palaeopangaea Palaeomagnetism Magmatism Tectonics

Using Doubly-Labeled Water to Measure Energy Expenditure in an important Small Ectotherm Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第9期41卷 505-512页

作者： Matthew D.W.piper Colin Selman John r.Speakman Linda Partridge institute of Healthy Ageing Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWCIE 6BTUK institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Energy expenditure is a key variable in the study of ageing, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism that has been used to make step changes in our understanding of the ageing process. Standard methods for measurement of energy expenditure involve placing individuals in metabolic chambers where their oxygen consumption and CO2 production can be quantified. These measurements require separating individuals from any social context, and may only poorly reflect the environment in which the animals normally live. The doubly-labeled water （DLW） method is an isotope-based technique for measuring energy expenditure which overcomes these problems. However, technical challenges mean that the smallest animals this method has been previously applied to weighed 50-200 mg. We overcame these technical challenges to measure energy demands in Drosophila weighing 0.78 mg. Mass-specific energy expenditure varied between 43 and 65 mW·g^-1. These estimates are considerably higher than estimates using indirect calorimetry of Drosophila in small metabolic chambers （around 18 mW·g^-1）. The methodology we have established extends downwards by three orders of magnitude the size of animals that can be measured using DLW. This approach may be of considerable value in future ageing research attempting to understand the genetic and genomic basis of ageing.

关键词： Doubly-labeled water respiration rate Effect of mating status and sex Drosophila

Dynamic changes in proprotein convertase 2 activity in cortical neurons after ischemia/reperfusion and oxygen-glucose deprivation

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Neural regeneration research 2013年第1期8卷 83-89页

作者： Shuqin Zhan An Zhou Chelsea piper Tao Yang Department of Neurology the Second Affiliated Hospital Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University robert S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories Legacy Clinic Research and Technology Center

in this study, a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia was established by performing 100 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion, and an in vitro model of experimental oxygen-glucose deprivation using cultured rat cortical neurons was established. Proprotein convertase 2 activity gradually decreased in the ischemic cortex with increasing duration of reperfusion. in cultured rat cortical neurons, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2＇-deoxyuridine 5＇-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-positive neurons significantly increased and proprotein convertase 2 activity also decreased gradually with increasing duration of oxygen-glucose deprivation. These experimental findings indicate that proprotein convertase 2 activity decreases in ischemic rat cortex after reperfusion, as well as in cultured rat cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation. These changes in enzyme activity may play an important pathological role in brain injury.

关键词： neural regeneration brain injury proprotein convertase 2 cortex neuron cerebralischemia/reperfusion oxygen-glucose deprivation in vivo study in vitro study grants-supportedpaper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration

Learning from Taiyuan: Chinese cities as urban sustainability laboratories

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第2期1卷 118-126页

作者： piper Gaubatz Dean Hanink Department of Geosciences University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003United States Department of Geography University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06209United States

China and the United States are the two most significant nations in the contemporary global food and agricultural *** addition,they are two of the most important innovators with respect to the development of new crop varieties,agro-technologies,farm products,markets and consumer issues,such as consumer resistance to genetically modified foods,among *** the face of an ever-complex web of interactions,technologies and products among producers and consumers in both nations,there are far more structural similarities than differences in the food and agriculture sectors of these two *** essay,adopting some of the themes of the Sino-American Symposium on Future issues Affecting Quality of Life,presents a limited but representative comparative assessment of three of the most important shared challenges impacting the agricultural sectors of China and the United States for the period from 2000 to the present including 1)environmental challenges related to agricultural water supply,2)declines in farm labor and rural population,and 3)growing food-related concerns and *** both nations,excessive and unsustainable groundwater consumption has lowered water tables and limited crop *** populations and farm workforces in both nations are also declining,leading to labor challenges in both ***,concerns regarding food safety are also very similar with major challenges to the farm sector associated with consumer resistance to genetically modified food crops and sanitation issues linked to lengthening supply *** of these issues threaten the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

关键词： Agriculture Food safety China United States Sino-US comparative study

Brain TXA_2 and PGi_2 levels after head injury with secondary insults

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 1998年第1期1卷 49-52页

作者：费舟章翔宋少军 i.r.piper D Thomson J D Miller Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of Edinburgh Scotland

Objective The brain TXA_2 and PGl_2 levelsin a new rodent model of impact accelerationdiffuse brain injury alone and with hypotentionand hyperthermia in combination were ob-served to look into the relationship between... 详细信息

关键词：头部损伤脑 TXA2 PGi2