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Comparison of sampling designs for calibrating digital soil maps at multiple depths

pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 588-601页

作者： Yakun ZHANG Daniel D.SAURETTE Tahmid Huq EASHER Wenjun Ji Viacheslav i.ADAMCHUK Asim BiSWAS University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveMadison WI 53706USA School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Road EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1Canada College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill University21111 Lakeshore RoadSte-Anne-de-Bellevue QC H9X 3V9Canada

Digital soil mapping (DSM) aims to produce detailed maps of soil properties or soil classes to improve agricultural management and soil quality assessment. Optimized sampling design can reduce the substantial costs and efforts associated with sampling, profile description, and laboratory analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare common sampling designs for DSM, including grid sampling (GS), grid random sampling (GRS), stratified random sampling (StRS), and conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS). in an agricultural field (11 ha) in Quebec, Canada, a total of unique 118 locations were selected using each of the four sampling designs (45 locations each), and additional 30 sample locations were selected as an independent testing dataset (evaluation dataset). Soil visible near-infrared (Vis-NiR) spectra were collected in situ at the 148 locations (1 m depth), and soil cores were collected from a subset of 32 locations and subdivided at 10-cm depth intervals, totaling 251 samples. The Cubist model was used to elucidate the relationship between Vis-NiR spectra and soil properties (soil organic matter (SOM) and clay), which was then used to predict the soil properties at all 148 sample locations. Digital maps of soil properties at multiple depths for the entire field (148 sample locations) were prepared using a quantile random forest model to obtain complete model maps (CM-maps). Soil properties were also mapped using the samples from each of the 45 locations for each sampling design to obtain sampling design maps (SD-maps). The SD-maps were evaluated using the independent testing dataset (30 sample locations), and the spatial distribution and model uncertainty of each SD-map were compared with those of the corresponding CM-map. The spatial and feature space coverage were compared across the four sampling designs. The results showed that GS resulted in the most even spatial coverage, cLHS resulted in the best coverage of the feature space, and GS and cLHS resu

关键词： 3D digital soil mapping conditioned Latin hypercube sampling grid sampling quantile random forest model stratified random sampling

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The Role of Nanodispersed Nitrides in the Sintering of Silicon Nitride Ceramics

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plasma Science and Technology 2010年第1期12卷 46-48页

作者： M.GEORGiEVA G.ViSSOKOV i.GRANCHAROV R.F.SiLVA F.J.OLiVEiRA Department of Technology of inorganic Substances University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy institute of Catalysis Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Ceramics and Glass Eng. Department CICECO University of Aveiro

The synthesis of ceramics based on silicon nitride using nanopowders of TiN and Si3N4 as additives was studied. The ceramic compositions were pressurelessly sintered under ni- trogen atmosphere at different temperatures （1550℃, 1650℃ and 1750℃） with a heating rate of 10℃/min and a holding time of 2 h. The nanodispersed nitrides （NDN） were produced by electric-arc plasma synthesis and characterized. The ceramic composites obtained with nanoparticles of 1wt% to 5wt% TiN and 20wt% Si3N4 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atom force microscopy （AFM） and energy-dispersive spectrometry （EDX）. The effect of the addition of nanodispersed powders on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Si3N4 ceramics was investigated.

关键词： silicon nitride ceramics nanocomposites nanopowders

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pOLYMORpHYSM AND BiOiNEQUiVALENCE OF 6-METHYLURACiL

POLYMORPHYSM AND BIOINEQUIVALENCE OF 6-METHYLURACIL

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Sixteenth Congress of the international Union of Crystallography

作者： N.B.Leonidov S.i.Uspenskaya p.M.Zorky A.E.Masunov institute "Bioeffect" of Ministry of Science High School and Technical Policy of Russian Federation.MoscowRussia Chemical Department Moscow State UniversityRussia

＜正＞New perspective trend in drug design is obtaining polyTnorphic modifications with different molecular *** consideration has been influence of polymorphism of drugs on their biological *** of influence of conformational polymorphism of drugs on changes in its biological characteristics in solutions are *** of the explanations of this phenomenon is the

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Hydrothermal Characteristics of Blended Cement pastes Containing Silica Sand Using Cement Kiln Dust as an Activator

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2002年第5期18卷 474-478页

作者： S.A.Abo-El-Enein F.i.El-Hosiny E.El-Shimy T.A.Osman Faculty of Sci. Ain Shams Univ. Abbassia-Cairo Egypt Building Res. Cent. P. O. Box 1770 Cairo Egypt

The hydrothermal reactivity of silica sand was studied using cement kiln dust (CKD) as an activator in addition to the portland cement fraction of El-Karnak cement (a blend of ordinary portland cement and ground sand). Autoclaved Ei-Karnak cement pastes were studied at pressures of 0.507, 1.013 and 1.520 Mpa of saturated steam with respect to their compressive strength, kinetics of hydrothermal reaction and the phase composition of the formed hydrates. The role of CKD in affecting the physicochemical and mechanical properties of Ei-Karnak cement pastes was studied by autoclaving of several pastes containing 5, 7.5, 10 and 20% CKD at a pressure of 1.013 Mpa of saturated steam. CKD was added either as a raw CKD (unwashed) or after washing with water (washed CKD). The results of these physicochemical studies obtained could be related as much as possible to the role of CKD (raw or washed) in affecting the hydrothermal reactivity of silica sand in Ei-Karnak cement pastes.

关键词： Blended cement Silica Cement kiln dust Hydrothermal characteristics

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integrated Condition Monitoring of Large Captive power plants and Aluminum Smelters

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Sound & Vibration 2019年第5期53卷 223-235页

作者： J.K.Mohanty A.Adarsh p.R.Dash K.parida p.K.pradhan Department of Mechanical Engineering VSSUTBurlaOdishaIndia Vedanta Limited JharsugudaOdishaIndia

Condition monitoring is implementation of the advanced diagnostic techniques to reduce downtime and to increase the efficiency and *** research is for determining the usage of advanced techniques like Vibration analysis,Oil analysis and Thermography to diagnose ensuing problems of the plant and Machinery at an early stage and plan to take corrective and preventive actions to eliminate the forthcoming breakdown and enhancing the reliability of the ***,the most of the industries have adopted the condition monitoring techniques as a part of support system to the basic maintenance *** condition monitoring technique they follow is Vibration Spectrum Analysis,which can detect faults at a very early *** implementation of other techniques like Oil analysis or Ferrography,Thermography *** further enhance the data interpretation as they would detect the source of abnormality at much early stage thus providing us with a longer lead time to plan and take the corrective *** Large Captive power plants and Aluminium Smelters,integrated Condition Monitoring techniques play an important role as stoppage of primary system and its auxiliaries(boiler,steam turbine,generator,coal and ash handling plants etc.)results into the stoppage of the entire plant,which in turn leads to loss of *** economical and operational point of view,it is desirable to ensure optimum level of system availability.

关键词： Condition monitoring thermal power plant vibration analysis thermographs maintenance

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Future sea level rise along the coast of China and adjacent region under 1.5℃ and 2.0℃ global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第3期11卷 227-238页

作者： QU Ying LiU Yonggang Svetlana JEVREJEVA Luke p.JACKSON Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China National Oceanography Center LiverpoolL35DAUK programme for Economic Modelling Nuffield CollegeOxford UniversityOX1 INFUK

Although future sea level rise along the China coast has been projected by various studies for different representative concentration pathways(RCps),the projections for different warming thresholds,e.g.1.5℃ and 2.0℃,have not been done specifically for this region,to the best of our *** provide such a projection here based on the climate projections of Coupled Model intercomparison project phase 5(CMip5).The projections are given for 20 tide-gauge stations along the coast of China,Korea,Japan,and *** land motion(VLM)is also estimated for stations that have tide gauge records and satellite altimetry both covering the period of *** land motion(LLM)is then estimated by subtracting the land motion due to glacial isostatic adjustment(GiA)from *** considering LLM,sea level rise by 2100 at median probability is projected to be 38-49 cm relative to the average sea level over 1986-2005 under warming of 1.5℃,and increase to 46-57 cm when the warming threshold is increased to 2.0℃.The steric component is the main contributor to this increase in sea *** of LLM will not affect the sea level increase between the two warming thresholds,but it will make the local sea level rise by 2100 at certain locations substantially higher(up to 36 cm)or lower(up to 13 cm).

关键词： Sea level rise Coast of China Tide gauge records Vertical land motion Warming of 1.5℃ Warming of 2.0℃

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Mechanical and wear behaviour of Mg-SiC-Gr hybrid composites

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2016年第3期4卷 197-206页

作者： K.Soorya prakash p.Balasundar S.Nagaraja p.M.Gopal V.Kavimani department of mechanical engineering anna university regional campuscoimbatore-641046tamil naduindia department of mechanical engineering rajalakshmi institute of technologychennai-600124tamil naduindia department of mechanical engineering sns college of engineeringcoimbatore-641107tamil naduindia

The present research deals with development and characterisation of magnesium–SiC–Gr hybrid composites through powder metallurgy *** analysis of the magnesium and reinforcement powder particles has been carried out using particle size analyser(pSA)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),and then the mixed powders were analysed through scanning electron microscope(SEM).The developed composite exhibit increased hardness when compared to base material,which could be attributed to the presence of hard ***,a slight decrease in hardness is observed for the hybrid composite when compared to Mg–SiC composite due to the presence of soft Gr *** tribological properties of the developed composite materials were investigated using pin-on-disc wear test apparatus under dry sliding *** wear resistance of the developed composites improved significantly than that of the magnesium matrix due to the upright effect offered by both of the *** SEM analysis was carried out on the worn out surfaces for better understanding of wear mechanisms.5%Gr reinforced Mg-10SiC composites confer better wear resistance among the developed composites.

关键词： Magnesium Hybrid composites powder metallurgy Sliding wear

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Chromium adsorption on surface activated biochar made from tannery liming sludge:A waste-to-wealth approach

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Water Science and Engineering 2022年第4期15卷 328-336页

作者： Abul Hashem Sofia payel Sadia Mim Anik Hasan Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal Aminur Rahman Majher i.Sarker Department of Leather Engineering Khulna University of Engineering&Technology(KUET)Khulna 9203Bangladesh Department of public Health Engineering(DpHE) Zonal LaboratoryJashore 7400Bangladesh Global Centre for Environmental Remediation(GCER) College of EngineeringScience and EnvironmentThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Sustainable Biofuels and Co-products Research Unit Eastern Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureWyndmoorPA 19038USA

in a beamhouse,liming plays a key role in the removal of hair/wool and epidermis,but problems are created when waste liming sludge is discharged to the *** treatment of tannery wastewater is another major challenge to the *** this study,thermally-activated biochars derived from liming sludge were studied for their effective adsorption of chromium(Cr)from the tannery *** thermally activated biochars(B500,B550,B600,and B650)were prepared at different temperatures from the liming *** characteristics before and after the treatment were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,Bru-nauer-Emmett-Teller,and scanning electron microscopy *** related functional groups(C-H,O-H,C-N,and=C-O)and chromium adsorption capacity were determined according to the surface morphology,element contents(C,O,Ca,Na,Al,Mg,and Si),surface area(5.8-9.2 m^(2)/g),pore size(5.22-5.53 nm),and particle size(652-1034 nm)of the experimental *** biochar originated at 600°C from the tannery liming sludge(B600)had a greater surface area with a chromium adsorption capacity of 99.8%in comparison to B500,B550,and B650 *** study developed an innovative way of utilizing liming sludge waste to minimize the pollution load and wastewater treatment cost in the tannery industry.

关键词： Adsorption Waste recycling Biochar application Thermal modification Tannery Solid waste

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Validation of pCR for the detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa from corneal samples

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2011年第3期4卷 262-268页

作者： Maria E.Hillenbrand paul p.Thompson Robert M.Q.Shanks Regis p.Kowalski The Charles T.Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory UPMC Eye CenterOphthalmology and Visual Sciences Research CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

AiM: To determine a species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction (pCR) assay to detect pseudomonas aeruginosa (pA),a secondary DNA target for pA that may provide a universal target for other bacterial pathogens,and validate both assays for diagnostic ***: pCR detection was established against the ecfX pA gene and the 16S rRNA gene using known pA keratitis *** outcome parameters for both assays were 'limit of detection' (LOD),amplification efficiency (AE),and pAGE amplified product *** assays were validated against 20 true-positive clinical samples positive for pA DNA and 20 true-negative samples containing no pA *** statistics and pAGE analysis were used as outcome ***: AE of the ecfX assay was 96.6%,and LOD was 33.6 copies of target DNA per *** of the 16S rRNA assay was 103.4%,and LOD was 8.12 copies per *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and efficiency for the ecfX and 16S rRNA assays were [75%,95%,94%,79%,and 85%],and [70%,100%,100%,77%,and 85%],*** pCR assays were validated,followed by confirmation of DNA patterns from pAGE ***: The pCR methodology described here may be a useful adjunct to standard methods in the diagnosis of pA keratitis.

关键词： pseudomonas aeruginosa cornea real-time pCR ecfX 16S rRNA

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Blockchain-based peer-to-peer Transactive Energy System for Community Microgrid with Demand Response Management

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2022年第1期8卷 198-211页

作者： Hanumantha Rao Bokkisam Shashank Singh Ritesh Mohan Acharya M.p.Selvan National institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu 620015India Department National Institute of Technology TiruchirappalliTamilnadu 620015India

interest in transactive energy frameworks(TEFs)is proliferating due to the modern smart grid *** paper proposes a TEF,which applies auction-theory,incorporates a system of agents,and facilitates a transactive energy market(TEM)through an ***,it also enables peer-to-peer(p2p)energy trading among the residential buildings in community microgrid for possible monetary *** this framework,there are three agents,namely,auctioneer,participants,and *** auctioneer is a managing agent modeled using auction theory to determine day-ahead internal market-clearing price and *** participants are autonomous and rational decision-makers;they aim to minimize their electricity bills through the demand response(DR)*** types of architectures,one with the third-party agent demonstrated using the MATLAB environment and the other with the virtual agent(without third-party)implemented using the blockchain environment are *** simulation results reflect significant monetary benefits to each market participant,improved community selfsufficiency,self-consumption,and reduced reliance on the utility grid.

关键词： Blockchain demand response optimization p2p energy trading smart contracts and transactive energy

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