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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola M.Johannessen Tor i.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. in general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic Minimum ice Climate

Coarse to Fine: The Role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bojan i Međo ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-National institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteristics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

Characteristics of gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor and dye decoloration efficiency

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 840-845页

作者： Nyein Nyein aye Masayuki Sato Environmental Science and Engineering College Dalian Maritime University

The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment. Methyl Orange （MO） dye wastewater was chosen as the target object. Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor, parameter optimization, and the degradation mechanism. The following results were obtained. The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma. The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time, peak voltage, and pulse frequency. When the initial conductivity was 1700 μS/cm, the decoloration rate was the highest. The optimum distance between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm, the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm, and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm, respectively. The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen 〉 air〉 argon 〉 nitrogen, and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh.

关键词： multi-needle plasma reactor water surface plasma decoloration efficiency Methyl Orange decoloration

CONSTRUCTiNG AN ACCESS SYSTEM FOR UNBANKED iN MYANMAR TO A MiCROFiNANCE iNSTiTUTiON

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第2期24卷 229-257页

作者： Hnin Pwint aye Yoshiteru Nakamori School of Knowledge Sciences Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

in Myanmar, the formal financial institution does not provide uncollateralized credits. The rural unbanked under the poverty line is depending on the informal money-lenders with high interest rate. Private Agency Collaboration Together is only one microfinance institution providing the credits without collateral and with low interest rate to the unbanked in Myanmar. Half of the unbanked are unable to borrow the loans from the microfinance institution because of the weakness of the information contribution and the strict legal policies of the microfinance institution. Therefore, the objective of this study is to construct a system to improve the relationship between the microfinance institution and the unbanked by reducing the obstacles in the current system ofmicrofinance institution. The legal policy is studied from the vision of the local unbanked as the originality of this research and the /-System methodology is applied to accomplish the research. The current system comprises the information contribution, loans and legal policies. The current system is only one relationship between the microfinance institution and unbanked. When the ten obstacles occurred in the current system, the unbanked cannot approach to the microfinance institution. An access system including four sub-systems is developed depending on the collected ideas to solve these obstacles and intend to improve the relationship between microfinance institution and the unbanked.

关键词： Legal policy microfinance institution unbanked access system obstacles

Exploring the genetic basis of pre-harvest sprouting in rice through a genome-wide association study-based haplotype analysis

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2525-2540页

作者： Myeong-Hyeon Min aye aye Khaing Sang-Ho Chu Bhagwat Nawade Yong-Jin Park Department of Plant Resources College of Industrial SciencesKongju National UniversityYesan 32439Republic of Korea Department of Agronomy Yezin Agricultural UniversityNay Pyi Taw 15013Myanmar

Pre-harvest sprouting(PHS)poses a significant global challenge to cereal production,impacting both yield and *** this study,we employed genome-wide association studies(GWAS)on diverse rice accessions to identify novel PHS-associated *** assessment of 127 cultivated accessions for panicle germination(PHS)and detached grain germination(germination rate of detached grains at the 14th day(D14))revealed considerable phenotypic variation among rice *** analysis identified 91 significant signals at–log10(P-value)>5,including 15SNPs for PHS and 76 SNPs for D14.A subsequent linkage disequilibrium(LD)block-based GWAS analysis detected 227 significant SNPs for both traits,consisting of 18 nonsynonymous substitutions located on the coding regions of nine *** haplotype analysis identified 32 haplotypes,with 10 specific to cultivated accessions,19 specific to the wild type,and three shared between them.A phenotypic assessment of major haplotypes revealed significant differences between resistant(Hap1 and Hap2)and susceptible haplotypes(Hap5,Hap27,and Hap28),distinguished by a G/A SNP within a novel gene,*** identified haplotypes offer promising prospects for haplotypebased breeding aimed at enhancing PHS resistance in rice.

关键词： rice PHS dormancy germination GWAS haplotype abiotic stress

Development and validation of a transient simulation model of a full-scale PCM embedded radiant chilled ceiling

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 813-829页

作者： Seyedmostafa Mousavi Behzad Rismanchi Stefan Brey Lu aye Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Group Department of Infrastructure EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information Technology(FEIT)The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia invAus Pty Ltd. MelbourneVIC3000Australia

The recent significant rise in space cooling energy demand due to the massive use of air-conditioning systems has adversely changed buildings’energy use patterns *** updated energy technology perspectives highlight the need for innovative cooling systems to address this growing cooling *** change material embedded radiant chilled ceiling(PCM-RCC)has lately acquired popularity as they offer more efficient space cooling together with further demand-side *** advancements in PCM-RCC applications have increased the necessity for reliable simulation models to assist professionals in identifying improved designs and operating *** this study,a transient simulation model of PCM-RCC has been developed and validated using measured data in a full-scale test cabin equipped with newly developed PCM ceiling *** model,developed in the TRNSYS simulation studio,includes Type 399 that uses the Crank-Nicolson algorithm coupled with the enthalpy function to solve transient heat transfer in PCM ceiling *** developed model is validated in both free-running and active operation modes,and its quality is then evaluated using several validation *** results obtained in multiple operating scenarios confirm that the model simulates the transient behaviour of the PCM-RCC system with an accuracy within±10%.Aided by this validated model,which offers the user detailed flexibilities in the system design and its associated operating schemas,PCM-RCC’s potentials regarding peak load shifting,energy savings,and enhanced thermal comfort can be investigated more reliably.

关键词： phase change material(PCM) radiant cooling ceiling panel modelling and simulation validation

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico i.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Numerical investigation of Zigzag Bending-Angle Channel Effects on Thermal Hydraulic Performance of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 56-69页

作者： Nyein Nyein aye Withun HEMSUWAN Pichitra UANGPAiROJ Chalothorn THUMTHAE School of Mechanical Engineering Suranaree University of TechnologyNakhon Ratchasima 30000Thailand

This study investigated the effects of zigzag-flow channel bending angle in printed circuit heat exchangers(PCHEs) using a computational fluid dynamics method with ANSYS-FLUENT *** three-dimensional model of PCHE with a 15° curved,zigzag channel was conducted for preliminary *** comparisons between the CFD simulation results and the experimental data showed good agreement with some discrepancies in the heat transfer and pressure drop *** addition,different bending angle configurations(0°,3° to 30°) of zigzag channels were analyzed to obtain better thermal-hydraulic performance of the zigzag channel PCHE under different inlet mass flow *** criteria of heat transfer and frictional factor were applied to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the *** results showed that the 6° and 9°bending channel provided good thermal-hydraulic *** correlations were developed using the 6°and 9° bending channel angles in PCHE designs to predict the Nusselt number and friction factor.

关键词： printed circuit heat exchanger zigzag channel angle three-dimensional model thermal-hydraulic performance

Apolipoprotein A-i binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury i.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily