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Production of Exotic nuclei in Low-Energy Multi-nucleon Transfer Reactions

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原子核物理评论 2015年第2期32卷 137-145页

作者： V.i. Zagrebaev Walter Greiner flerov Laboratory of nuclear Reactions JINR Frankfurt institute for Advanced Studies J.W. Goethe-Universitt

Multinucleon transfer processes in low-energy heavy ion collisions open a new field of research in nuclear physics, namely, production and studying properties of heavy neutron rich nuclei. This not-yet-explored area of the nuclear map is extremely important for understanding the astrophysical nucleosynthesis and the origin of heavy elements. Beams of very heavy U-like ions are needed to produce new long-living isotopes of transfermium and superheavy elements located very close to the island of stability. The calculated cross sections are high enough to perform the experiments at available *** of medium-mass ions(such as136 Xe,192Os,198Pt) can be used for the production of neutron rich nuclei located along the neutron closed shell n = 126(the last waiting point) having the largest impact on the astrophysical r-process. The Low-energy multinucleon transfer reactions is a very efficient tool also for the production and spectroscopic study of light exotic nuclei. The corresponding cross sections are 2 or 3 orders of magnitude larger as compared with high energy fragmentation reactions.

关键词： exotic nuclei multi-nucleon transfer reaction superheavy

Cross-section measurements for 58,60,61ni(n,α)55,57,58Fe reactions in the 4.50-5.50 MeV neutron energy region

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第11期44卷 138-149页

作者： Haoyu Jiang Zengqi Cui Yiwei Hu Jie Liu Jinxiang Chen Guohui Zhang Yu.M.Gledenov E.Sansarbayar G.Khuukhenkhuu L.Krupa i.Chuprakov State Key Laboratory of nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Frank Laboratory of neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchDubna 141980Russia nuclear Research Centre National University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 210646Mongolia flerov Laboratory of nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchDubna 141980Russia institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in PragueHorska 3a/22Prague 212800Czech Republic

The cross sections at 5 energy points of the 58ni(n,α)55Fe reaction were measured in the 4.50 MeV≤En≤5.50 MeV region while those for the 60ni(n,α)57Fe and 61ni(n,α)58Fe reactions were measured at En=5.00 and 5.50 MeV using the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at Peking University.A gridded twin ionization chamber(GiC)was used as the detector,and enriched 58ni,60ni,and 61ni foil samples were prepared and mounted at the sample changer of the *** highly enriched 238U3O8 samples inside the GiC were used to determine the relative and absolute neutron *** neutron energy spectra were obtained through unfolding the pulse height spectra measured by the EJ-309 liquid *** interference from the low-energy neutrons and impurities in the samples has been *** present data of the 60ni(n,α)57Fe reaction are the first measurement results below 6.0 MeV,and those of the 61ni(n,α)58Fe reactions are the first measurement results in the MeV *** present results have been compared with existing measurements,evaluations,and TALYS-1.9 calculations.

关键词： 58,60,61ni(n,α)55,57,58Fe reactions cross sections GiC

Cross-section measurements for the^(58,60,61)ni(n,α)^(55,57,58)Fe reactions at 8.50,9.50 and 10.50 MeV neutron energies

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第2期46卷 70-78页

作者： Haoyu Jiang Zengqi Cui Yiwei Hu Jie Liu Haofan Bai Jinxiang Chen Guohui Zhang Yu.M.Gledenov E.Sansarbayar G.Khuukhenkhuu L.Krupa i.Chuprakov Xichao Ruan Hanxiong Huang Jie Ren Qiwen Fan State Key Laboratory of nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Frank Laboratory of neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchDubna 141980Russia nuclear Research Centre National University of MongoliaUlaanbaatarMongolia flerov Laboratory of nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear ResearchDubna 141980Russia institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Czech Technical University in PragueHorska 3a/22Prague 212800Czech Republic L.n.Gumilyov Eurasian national University Nur-sultan 010000Kazakhstan The institute of nuclear Physics Ministry of Energy of the Republic of KazakhstanAlmaty 050032Kazakhsta China institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China

Cross sections of the^(58,60,61)ni(n,α)^(55,57,58)Fe reactions were measured at 8.50,9.50 and 10.50 MeV neutron energies based on the Hi-13 tandem accelerator of China institute of Atomic Energy(CiAE)with enriched^(58)ni,^(60)ni,and^(61)ni foil samples with backings.A twin gridded ionization chamber(GiC)was used as the charged particle detector,and an EJ-309 liquid scintillator was used to obtain the neutron energy *** relative and absolute neutron fluxes were determined via three highly enriched^(238)U_(3)O_(8)samples inside the *** uncertainty of the present data of the^(58)ni(n,α)^(55)Fe reaction is smaller than most existing *** present data of^(60)ni(n,α)^(57)Fe and^(61)ni(n,α)^(58)Fe reactions are the first measurement results above 8 *** present experimental data could be reasonably reproduced by calculations with TALYS-1.9 by adjusting several default values of theoretical model parameters.

关键词： cross-section measurements ^(58 60 61)ni(n α)^(55 57 58) GiC CiAE

Some insights into Cluster Structure of ^(9)Be from ^(3)He + ^(9)Be Reaction

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World Journal of nuclear Science and Technology 2015年第4期5卷 265-273页

作者： S.M.Lukyanov M.n.Harakeh M.A.naumenko Yi Xu W.H.Trzaska V.Burjan V.Kroha J.Mrazek V.Glagolev S.Piskoi E.i.Voskoboynik S.V.Khlebnikov Yu.E.Penionzhkevich n.K.Skobelev Yu.G.Sobolev G.P.Tyurin K.Kuterbekov Yu.Tuleushev flerov Laboratory of nuclear Reactions DubnaRussian Federation KVi-CART University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands nuclear Physics institute RezCzech Republic Department of Physics University of JyvaskylaJyvaskylaFinland Khlopin institute St.PetersburgRussian Federation national Research nuclear University“MEPhi” MoscowRussian Federation Eurasian Gumilev University AstanaKazakhstan nuclear Physics institute AlmatyKazakhstan

The study of inelastic scattering and multi-nucleon transfer reactions was performed by bombarding a 9Be target with a 3He beam at the incident energy of 30 MeV. Angular distributions for 9Be(3He, 3He) 9Be, 9Be (3He, 3He) 8Be, 9Be (3He, 7Be) 5He, 9Be (3He, 6Li) 6Li and 9Be (3He, 7Li) 5Li reaction channels were measured. Experimental angular distributions for the corresponding ground states (g.s.) were analyzed within the framework of the optical model, the coupled-channel approach and the distorted-wave Born approximation. Cross sections for channels leading to unbound 5Heg.s., 5Lig.s. and 8Be systems were obtained from singles measurements where the relationship between the energy and the scattering angle of the observed stable ejectile was constrained by two-body kinematics. information on the cluster structure of 9Be was obtained from the transfer channels. it was concluded that cluster transfer was an important mechanism in the investigated nuclear reaction channels. in the present work an attempt was made to estimate the relative strengths of the interesting (n + 8Be) and (α + 5He) cluster configurations in 9Be. The contributions of different exit channels have been determined confirming that the (α + 5He) configuration plays an important role. The configuration of 8Be consisting of two bound helium clusters (5He + 6He) is significantly suppressed, whereas the two-body configurations (n + 8Be) and (α + 5He) including unbound 8Be and 5He are found more probable.

关键词： nuclear Reaction Mechanism Cluster Structure DWBA

Gammasphere上裂变丰中子核核结构若干前沿领域的新进展(Ⅱ:第三和第四部分)(英文)

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原子核物理评论 2010年第3期27卷 363-389页

作者：罗亦孝 J.H.Hamilton J.O.Rasmussen A.V.Ramayya C.Goodin A.V.Daniel n.J.Stone 朱胜江 J.K.Hwang 刘少华 C.J.Beyer 李科 H.L.Crowell D.Al mehed S.Frauendorf A.Covello V.Di mitrov 张敬业车兴来姜卓 D.Fong A.Gelberg i.Stefanescu A.Gargano E.F.Jones P.M.Gore i.Y.Lee G.M.Ter-Akopian Yu.Ts.Oganessian M.A.Stoyer R.Donangelo 马文超 J.D.Cole J.Kormicki 张学谦 S.C.Wu J.Gilat T.n.Ginter S.J.Asztalos Physics Department Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA flerov Laboratory for nuclear Reactions JINR Dubna Russia Joint institute for Heavy ion Research Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford OX1 3PU United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA Physics Department Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Physics University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA institut far Strahlenphysik FZD-Rossendorf Postfach 510119 D-01314 Dresden Germany Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Universita di Napoli Federico II and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nuclear Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy idaho Accelerator Center Idaho State University Pocatello ID-83209-8263 USA institut fur Kernphysik Universitat zu Koln 50937 Kdln Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland MD 20742 USA Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 USA instituto de Fisica Facultad de Ingenieria C. C. 30 11300 Montevideo Uruguay Mississippi State University Drawer 5167 Mississippi State MS 39762 USA idaho national Laboratory Bldg. IRCPL MS2114 Idaho Falls ID 83415 USA Department of Physics National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 30013 China national Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824 USA Massachusetts institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

使用Gammasphere多探测器系统对252Cf裂变源瞬发γ射线进行γ-γ-γ和γ-γ(θ)符合测量,A～100(Z～40,n>56)丰中子核区关于形状过渡、形状共存和形状突变的深入研究获得了新的进展。奇-Z核的系统研究揭示了从Z=39(Y)同位素的轴对称大... 详细信息

使用Gammasphere多探测器系统对252Cf裂变源瞬发γ射线进行γ-γ-γ和γ-γ(θ)符合测量,A～100(Z～40,n>56)丰中子核区关于形状过渡、形状共存和形状突变的深入研究获得了新的进展。奇-Z核的系统研究揭示了从Z=39(Y)同位素的轴对称大四极形变到Z=43(Tc),44(Ru)和45(Rh)同位素中具有中等四极形变之大三轴形变的过渡。nb(Z=41)同位素具有过渡核的特征。根据邻近同位素和同中素带交叉信息的系统性及推转壳模型(CSM)计算,Tc和Rh偶-n同位素中观察到的带交叉产生于一对h11/2中子的转动顺排。首次观察到100nb(Z=41,n=59)的高自旋能级纲图和形变态,从而证实了100nb中的形状共存,并确认,在nb同位素链上,基态形状突变发生于n=58(球形)到n=59(大形变);而在Sr(Z=38),Y(Z=39)和Zr(Z=40)各同位素链上,基态形状突变均发生于n=59(球形)到n=60(大形变)。100nb具有大形变基态,同现有理论预言相矛盾,其大形变的基态及转动带所具有的很大的和不规则的转动惯量具有重要的理论意义。对奇-质子Cs(Z=55)和La(Z=57)丰中子同位素八极激发的详细研究,发现了141,143,144Cs同位素链上电二极矩D0随中子数增加而减小的急剧变化,此前在145,147La中观察到的电二极矩D0的较缓和的减小似乎亦很陡地下延至148La。在Cs和La同位素中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降很可能同偶-质子核146Ba和224Ra中观察到的电二极矩D0的急剧下降相类似,后者已获反射非对称平均场壳修正理论的成功解释。实验证明,141Cs具有很大电二极矩D0。141Cs和142Xe中观测到的很大的电二极矩D0和仅在141Cs中观察到的电二极矩D0的simplex量子数相关性需要进一步的理论研究。根据转动频率比值ω-(i)/ω+(i)的检定,同Xe同位素一样,认定Cs同位素中包括号143Cs的八极激发为八极振动,而在La同位素中存在八极形变。

关键词：形状过渡轴对称形状三轴形变形状突变带交叉奇-质子八极激发 B(E1)/B(E2)比值电二极矩D0 二极矩的下降八极振动 Cs,La同位素

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质子数Z分别位于Ru之上和之下的A～(100～126)丰中子原子核三轴形变在原子核形状变迁和共存中的重要作用(英文)

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原子核物理评论 2015年第1期32卷 1-23页

作者：罗亦孝 J.H.Hamilton J.O.Rasmussen A.V.Ramayya S.Frauendorf 王恩宏 J.K.Hwang 王建国李红洁杨韵颐朱胜江刘艳鑫焦长峰梁午阳石跃许甫荣孙扬刘少华 n.T.Brewer i.Y.Lee G.M.Ter-Akopian A.V.Daniel Yu.Oganessian M.A.Stoyer R.Donangelo 马文超 Physics Department Vanderbilt University Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratory Department of Chemistry U.C.Berkeley Department of Physics University of Notre Dame institut für Strahlenphysik FZD-Rossendorf Department of Physics Tsinghua University School of Science Huzhou Teachers College School of Physics Peking University Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry Department University of Kentucky Physics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory flerov Laboratory for nuclear Reactions JINR Lawrence Livermore national Laboratory instituto de Fisica Facultad de Ingenieria Physics Department Mississippi State University

基于Ru(Z=44)丰中子同位素中存在最大三轴形变的理论预言和实验证据,综述了近年来Rh(Z=45),Pd(Z=46),Ag(Z=47),Cd(Z=48)(质子数Z位于Ru,Z=44之上)及Zr(Z=40),nb(Z=41),Mo(Z=42),Tc(Z=43)(质子数Z位于Ru,Z=44之下)的A～(100～126)丰中子同位素中关于三轴形变的形状变迁和形状共存系统性研究的重要进展。252Cf自发裂变瞬发γ射线γ-γ-γ三重符合、特别是新建立的γ-γ-γ-γ四重符合数据的系统观测和研究,在Ru,Pd,Cd和nb丰中子同位素中显著扩展或首次观测到了一系列能带,为这个核区原子核形状的研究提供了新的、重要的实验数据。联系此前报道的有关进展,使用PES,TRS,PSM,CCCSM和SCTAC理论模型计算拟合新的实验数据,在该核区沿同中素和同位素链,并随自旋和激发能变化各自由度,跟踪原子核形状渐进变化,获得了新的系统性研究成果,显著扩展和深化了人们对原子核形状变迁和形状共存的认知。对于Ru及其上的Rh(Z=45),Pd(Z=46),Ag(Z=47)和Cd(Z=48)丰中子同位素的研究表明:Rh丰中子核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=-28°,并在103–106Rh同位素链上鉴别出了手征对称破缺;在三轴形变核112Ru和114Pd(n=68)中发现了三轴原子核的摆动运动,该摆动运动也可能在114Ru(n=70)中存在;观察到了从具有最大三轴形变的110,112Ru中手征破缺到稍小三轴形变的112,114,116Pd中扰动的手征破缺的过渡;在较软的Ag核中观察到了丰富的谱学结构,在104,105Ag中鉴别出了可能的手征对称破缺,在较重的115,117Ag中提出了趋于三轴形变的γ软度;具有小形变的Cd核的能级结构被解释为准粒子耦合、准转动和软三轴形变;最近的库伦激发的研究提供了Z=50,n=82满壳附近122,124,126Cd核中出现核集体性的实验和理论证据;上述研究成果展现出从Ru中的最大三轴形变(γ=-30°,三轴形变极小增益为0.67 Me V),经具有大三轴形变的Rh核(γ=-28°),到Pd核中的稍小、但稳定于中等自旋到高自旋区的三轴形变(γ～-41°,三轴形变极小增益为0.32 Me V),再经Ag核中的γ软度,最后到具有很小形变、但仍出现集体性质、包括软三轴形变的Cd核的过渡。对于Pd核转动带交叉系统性的研究揭示了其第一带交叉(νh11/2)2中子转动顺排的上行γ驱动,和第二带交叉(πg9/2)2质子转动顺排的下行γ驱动效应,成功地解释了114Pd中的三轴摆动运动,并给出了110-118Pd同位素链中理论早已预言、而比早期理论预言更为完整准确的形状渐进变迁和形状共存的图像。根据该核区的系统研究,发现最大三轴形变出现在112Ru,而在相邻的偶Z(Pd)同位素链,三轴形变极小的中心在114Pd,两者均为n=68。上述系统性研究沿相邻的Ru和Pd偶Z同位素链,在n=68同中素中鉴别出最大三轴形变,均比理论预言的108Ru和110Pd多4个中子。在Z值位于Ru(Z=44)之下的Zr(Z=40),nb(Z=41),Mo(Z=42)and Tc(Z=43)丰中子同位素中,Y和Zr核具有很强的轴对称四极形变,而在较重的Zr同位素中出现了γ自由度;较重的nb核(A=104～106)基态具有中等程度的软三轴形变和强四极形变,随着自旋和激发能的增加,过渡到接近于轴对称的强四极形变;而较轻的nb核(A 103)基态均接近轴对称形状;在nb同位素链上基态由球形到强四极形变的形状突变发生在100nb(n=59),在100–106nb同位素链中基态的软三轴形变随中子数增加而增加;在nb核中还观察到关于软三轴形变的形状共存;Mo核具有大的三轴形变,观察到了γ振动和手征对称破缺;Tc核具有比最大值稍小的三轴形变,γ=-26°,并观察到了手征对称破缺。质子数Z从41到48的A～(100～126)丰中子同位素,特别是Pd和nb同位素,呈现出关于三轴形变的过渡特征。

关键词：质子数从41到48范围的丰中子核原子核形状变迁和共存长椭球到扁椭球形状变迁三轴形变三轴形变原子核摆动运动原子核手征对称破缺扰动手征态 γ振动能带高自旋态带交叉 γ驱动效应准转动 Z=50和n=82闭壳附近集体性和软三轴形变的出现能级纲图原子核能级自旋/宇称/组态指定位能面(PES) 投影壳模型(PSM) 总Routhian面(TRS) 推转和组态限制壳模型(CCCSM)和壳修正斜轴推转模型(SCTAC)理论计算自发裂变瞬发γ谱学 γ射线三重和四重符合及角关联测量锎-252 Gammasphere多探测器系统