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Machines as readers: A solution to the copyright problem

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2005年第11期6卷 1179-1187页

作者： SHAMOS Michael i. School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Department of Computer Science University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Copyright and its international complications have presented a significant barrier to the Universal Digital Library （UDL）＇s mission to digitize all the published works of mankind and make them available throughout the world. We discuss the effect of existing copyright treaties and various proposals, such as compulsory licensing and the public lending fight that would allow access to copyrighted works without requiring permission of their owners. We argue that these schemes are ineffective for purposes of the UDL. instead, making use of the international consensus that copyright does not protect facts, information or processes, we propose to scan works digitally to extract their intellectual content, and then generate by machine synthetic works that capture this content, and then translate the generated works automatically into multiple languages and distribute them free of copyright restriction.

关键词： Universal Digital Library (UDL) Copyright Digital rights management Compulsory license Berne convention Public lending right Synthetic documents Machine translation

＂Could charm （＆ τ） transitions be the ＇poor princess＇ providing a deeper understanding of fundamental dynamics ？＂ or：＂Finding novel forces＂

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Frontiers of physics 2015年第3期10卷 1-28页

作者： ikaros i. Bigi Department of Physics University of Notre Dame du Lac Notre Dame IN 46556 USA

We know that our Universe is composed of only - 4.5% ＂known＂ matter; therefore, our understanding is incomplete. This can be seen directly in the case of neutrino oscillations （without even considering potential other universes）. Charm quarks have had considerable impact on our under- standing of known matter, and quantum chromodynamics （QCD） is the only local quantum field theory to describe strong forces. it is possible to learn novel lessons concerning strong dynamics by measuring rates around the thresholds of [Q^-Q] states with Q = b, c. Furthermore, these states provide us with gateways towards new dynamics （ND）, where we must transition from ＂accuracy＂ to ＂precision＂ eras. Finally, we can make connections with τ transitions and, perhaps, with dark matter. Charm dynamics acts as a bridge between the worlds of light- and heavy-flavor hadrons （namely, beauty hadrons）, and finding regional asymmetries in many-body final states may prove to be a ＂game changer＂. There are several different approaches to achieving these goals： for exam- ple, experiments such as the Super Tau-Charm Factory, Super Beauty Factory, and the Super Z~ Factory act as gatekeepers - and deeper thinking regarding symmetries.

关键词： CKM matrix HQE & OPE CPV in △C≠ 0 ≠ △B &τ decays

impact of Drain Effluent on Surficial Sediments in the Mediterranean Coastal Wetland: Sedimentological Characteristics and Metal Pollution Status at Lake Manzala, Egypt

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第4期18卷 834-848页

作者： FARHAT Hassan i. Geology Department Faculty of Science Suez University

Surface sediments were collected from Lake Manzala, the Mediterranean coastal wetland located to the east of the Nile Delta, Egypt, to assess the effect of drain effluent on the spatial variations of sedimentary characteristics and heavy metal pollution. Grain-size compositions, textures, and heavy metal distribution patterns in sediments are presented using GiS technique. Results of the analysis of the sediment showed a clear effect of drain effluent, with an increase in fine fractions and homogeneous suspensions in transportation mode. Lake sediments were dominated by sandy mud textures, and mode of transportation was homogeneous sus- pension and rolling. Spatial distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and Pb) was studied in the lake’s surficial sediments, along with their relationship to drain effluent and their contamination status in the ecological system. Heavy metal pollution status was assessed by means of accepted sediment quality guidelines and contamination assessment methods (contamination factor, con- tamination degree, modified contamination degree, geo-accumulation, and enrichment factor). Among the determined heavy metals, Pb had the most ecological risk. Generally, the heavy metals in the surface sediments indicated pollution risk ranging from moderate to considerable, particularly, in those sites facing drains and inlets that had the highest toxic effluent. The results were interpreted by statistical means. A cluster analysis defined areas facing drain discharge and inlets as separated groups. ANOVA indicated that most of the sedimentation and studied metals directed this clustering.

关键词： Lake Manzala Mediterranean wetland metal pollution sedimentological characteristics

Operators of quantum theory of Dirac's free field

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第12期48卷 73-106页

作者： ion i.Cotaescu West University of Timişoara V.Pârvan Ave.4RO-300223 TimişoaraRomania

The Pryce(e)spin and position operators of the quantum theory of Dirac's free field were re-defined and studied recently with the help of a new spin symmetry and suitable spectral representations[***.J.C 82,1073(2022)].This approach is generalized here,associating a pair of integral operators acting directly on particle and antiparticle wave spinors in momentum representation to any integral operator in configuration representation,acting on mode *** framework allows an effective quantization procedure,giving a large set of one-particle operators with physical meaning as the spin and orbital parts of the isometry generators,the Pauli-Lubanski and position operators,or other spin-type operators proposed to *** attention is paid to the operators that mix the particle and antiparticle sectors whose off-diagonal associated operators have oscillating terms producing *** principal operators of this type,including the usual coordinate operator,are derived here for the first *** an application,it is shown that an apparatus measuring these new observables may prepare and detect oneparticle wave packets moving uniformly without Zitterbewegung or spin dynamics,spreading in time normally as any other relativistic or even non-relativistic wave packet.

关键词： Dirac theory integral operators Pryce's operators integral representations canonical quantization propagation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第10期56卷 745-750页

作者： i.F.Barna KFKi Atomic Energy Research institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Thermohydraulics Department(KFKI-AEKI)H-1525 BudapestP.O.Box 49Hungary

in this article we will present pure three dimensional analytic solutions for the Navier-Stokes and the continuity equations in Cartesian coordinates. The key idea is the three-dimensional generalization of the well-known self-similar Ansatz of Barenblatt. A geometrical interpretation of the Ansatz is given also. The results are the Kummer functions or strongly related. Our final formula is compared with other results obtained from group theoretical approaches.

关键词： Navier-Stokes equation self-similar solution

美国地调所对铀矿开采和选冶废渣所引发的环境灾害的研究

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华东铀矿地质 1998年第1期 21-23页

作者： landa,ER

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通过干涉图样检测断层

吐哈油气 1998年第4期3卷 86-90,83页

作者： Ergeny landa 路艳

地震资料解释的关键之一就是如何检测、识别断层及断层带,传统方法是通过目测叠加剖面来识别反射层间断的,该方法虽有效,但受限于解释人员的地质知识,这样,传统方法就极大地依赖于解释人员的经验以及相关地质信息的先验知识。校正反射... 详细信息

地震资料解释的关键之一就是如何检测、识别断层及断层带,传统方法是通过目测叠加剖面来识别反射层间断的,该方法虽有效,但受限于解释人员的地质知识,这样,传统方法就极大地依赖于解释人员的经验以及相关地质信息的先验知识。校正反射波时可能会将小间断平滑掉、处理中甚至会将小间断完全地抹掉,故小振幅断层的识别具有很突出的模糊性;

关键词：反射波干涉图样断层带振幅异常绕射波反射振幅反射层检测准则共炮道集频率相关

Morphology,structure and magnetic behavior of orthorhombic and hexagonal HoFeO_(3)synthesized via solution combustion approach

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第2期40卷 296-301,I0004页

作者： K.D.Martinson i.S.Kondrashkova M.i.Chebanenko A.S.Kiselev T.Yu Kiseleva V.i.Popkov ioffe institute 26 PoliteknicheskayaSL Petersburg194021Russia Saint Petersburg State institute of Technology 26 MoskovskySt.Petersburg190013Russia Faculty of Physics M.V.Lomonosov State UniversityLeninskie CoryMoscow119991Russia

Nanostructured HoFeO_(3)powders were obtained by solution combustion method at various glycinenitrate ratios(G/N=0.2,0.4,...,1.4).According to X-ray powder diffractometry data,the presence of two modifications of HoFeO_(3)in the synthesized samples was established:orthorhombic(Pbnm)and hexagonal(P63/mmc).The crystallite size of the obtained compositions varies from 62±6 to 29±3 nm,depending on the G/N *** magnetic structure studies,it is found that HoFeO_(3)obtained with a stoichiometric amount of glycine in the reaction solution is in the magnetically ordered state and is represented by a sextet with quadrupole splitting(QS)=0 mm/s,isomeric shift(iS)=0.36 mm/s and effective field strength(Heff)=497 *** to the results of vibrational magnetometry,it is found that the orthoferrites obtained have a ferromagnetic structure,the main parameters of which(Ms,Mr and Hc)systematically change with a change in the redox ratio of the reaction mixture and,as a consequence,their phase composition,and reach maximum values at a G/N ratio=*** the samples obtained with a significant excess and lack of glycine(G/N=0.2 and 1.4),despite their amorphous nature,hysteresis loops characteristic of the ferromagnetic state of the substance is *** is hopeful to obtain a pure hexagonal modification of HoFeO_(3)via heat treatment on amorphous products of glycine-nitrate combustion.

关键词： Crystal structure Rare earth compounds Perovskites Nanomaterials Magnetic materials

Kinemaitcs in spatially flat FLRW spacetimes

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第10期45卷 92-101页

作者： ion i.Cotäescu West University of Timiäoara

The kinematics on spatially flat FLRW spacetimes is presented for the first time in local charts with physical coordinates,i.e.,the cosmic time and proper Cartesian space coordinates of Painlevé-*** is shown that there exists a conserved momentum that determines the form of the covariant four-momentum on geodesics in terms of physical ***,with the help of this conserved momentum,the peculiar momentum can be defined,thus separating the peculiar and recessional motions without *** is shown that the energy and peculiar momentum satisfy the mass-shell condition of special relativity while the recessional momentum does not produce *** this framework,the measurements of the kinetic quantities along geodesics performed by different observers are analyzed,pointing out an energy loss of the massive particles similar to that producing the photon *** examples of the kinematics on the de Sitter expanding universe and a new Milne-type spacetime are extensively analyzed.

关键词： FLRW specetime peculiar momentum recessional momentum conserved quantities energy loss redshift de Sitter expanding universe Milne-type universe