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isoperimetry of nilpotent groups

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2016年第5期11卷 1239-1258页

作者： Moritz gruber Karlsruhe institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

This survey gives an overview of the isoperimetric properties of nilpotent groups and Lie groups. it discusses results for Dehn functions and filling functions as well as the techniques used to retrieve them. The cont... 详细信息

关键词： Nilpotent groups nilpotent Lie groups Dehn functions filling functions

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布拉德伯里工作坊综合体

世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 126-128,F0003页

作者： Maegan icke Elena gruber Roxani Tseranidou Margherita Zompa Carolina Borgatti Ezmira Peraj Ainhoa Valle French+Tye(摄影) 不详

布拉德伯里工作坊综合体建筑位于达尔斯顿吉勒特广场,现已重新向新老租户开放。新大楼涵盖600平方米经济适用工作空间的翻新、10个迷你零售单元的更换,以及在两层扩建部分中打造近500平方米的额外工作区域。布拉德伯里工作坊综合体是该... 详细信息

布拉德伯里工作坊综合体建筑位于达尔斯顿吉勒特广场,现已重新向新老租户开放。新大楼涵盖600平方米经济适用工作空间的翻新、10个迷你零售单元的更换,以及在两层扩建部分中打造近500平方米的额外工作区域。布拉德伯里工作坊综合体是该地区以社区为中心、最独特的公共空间,代表了该建筑类型发展历程的未来。

关键词：工作坊扩建部分公共空间综合体发展历程

Morphologic features of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray, and their possible evolutionary significance

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integrative Zoology 2009年第1期4卷 110-122页

作者： Richard L.PUZDROWSKi Stephen gruber School of Science and Computer Engineering The University of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA

The morphology of the cerebellar corpus in cartilaginous fishes varies from a smooth,relatively simple structure to a complex,multilobed *** stingrays possess a trilobed corpus that includes an anterior lobe,divided into rostral and caudal lobules,and a posterior *** corpus in this stingray is *** asymmetry was examined in the stingray population of Galveston *** 49%of the animals the axis of the caudal lobule was right of the midline,in 27%it was across the midline,and in 24%it was to the *** variation is not related to size,sex,or an asymmetry in the cranial volume,but might reflect a variation in the cerebellar developmental *** gain insight into the factors that have driven cerebellar hypertrophy in cartilaginous fishes,the neural connections of the lobules of the cerebellum of the Atlantic stingray were examined using biotinylated *** was found that,for the most part,the stingray cerebellum receives inputs from the same diencephalic and brainstem nuclei as in cartilaginous fishes with a bilobed ***,in stingrays there is greater segregation of *** anterior lobe rostral lobule receives inputs from the accessory optic nuclei,the caudal lobule receives inputs from trigeminal and octavolateral nuclei,and the posterior lobe receives inputs from the spinal *** rostral lobule and posterior lobe also receive input from midbrain nuclei that do not appear to be present in carti-laginous fishes with a morphologically simple ***,it is proposed that the complex hypertrophy of the corpus in stingrays might result from a combination of functional specialization of the lobes,and the acquisition of new inputs.

关键词： anatomy brain chondrichthyan elasmobranch evolution.

is changing footstrike pattern beneficial to runners?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 146-153页

作者： Joseph Hamill Allison H.gruber Biomechanics Laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Biomechanics Laboratory Department of KinesiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Some researchers, running instructors, and coaches have suggested that the "optimal" footstrike pattern to improve performance and reduce running injuries is to land using a mid-or forefoot strike. Thus, it has been recommended that runners who use a rearfoot strike would benefit by changing their footstrike although there is little scientific evidence for suggesting such a change. The rearfoot strike is clearly more prevalent. The major reasons often given for changing to a mid-or forefoot strike are(1) it is more economical;(2) there is a reduction in the impact peak and loading rate of the vertical component of the ground reaction force; and(3) there is a reduction in the risk of a running-related injuries. in this paper,we critique these 3 suggestions and provide alternate explanations that may provide contradictory evidence for altering one's footstrike *** have concluded, based on examining the research literature, that changing to a mid-or forefoot strike does not improve running economy, does not eliminate an impact at the foot-ground contact, and does not reduce the risk of running-related injuries.

关键词： Epidemiology Footfall patterns Forefoot Ground reaction force impacts Midfoot Rearfoot Running economy

The Presence and Localization of Thioredoxins in Diatoms, Unicellular Algae of Secondary Endosymbiotic Origin

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 468-477页

作者： Till Weber Ansgar gruber Peter G. Kroth Fachbereich Biologie Universitat Konstanz 78457 Konstanz Germany

Diatoms are unicellular algae of great ecological importance. So far, very little is known about the regulation of carbon fixation in these algae; however, there are strong indications that in diatom plastids, the ferredoxin/thioredoxin system might play a minor role in redox regulation of the photosynthetic reactions compared to land plants. Until now, it is unknown whether there are fewer or other target enzymes of thioredoxins in diatoms. Only a single potential target enzyme for thioredoxin, the plastidic fructose-l,6-bisphosphatase, has yet been identified. Nevertheless, during the annotation of the genome of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, we identified several genes encoding different thioredoxins. Utilizing in vivo expression of GFP：presequence fusion proteins in P. tricornutum, we were able to show that these thioredoxins are targeted either into plastids, mitochondria, or remain in the cytosol. Surprisingly, two of the three usually cytosolic thioredoxin h proteins are apparently plastid associated and, together with a thioredoxin reductase, putatively located in the periplastidic compartment. This is one of the few indications for so far unknown enzymatic reactions in the space between the two pairs of diatom plastid envelope membranes.

关键词： Carbohydrate metabolism enzymology genomics diatoms and phytoplankton

Modes of a Plasma-Filled Waveguide Determined by a Numerical hp Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第2期5卷 413-425页

作者： K.Appert M.Azaiez R.gruber Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland TREFLE (UMR CNRS 8505)Ecole Nationale Superieure de Chimie et de Physique de BordeauxPessacFrance Laboratory of Computational Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland.

We present the application of the recent physics-conforming COOL method[2,4]to the eigenvalue problem of a cylindrical waveguide filled with unmagnetized *** the Fourier transform only along the waveguide and not in poloidal direction,this is a relevant test case for a numerical discretization method in two dimensions(radial and poloidal).Analytically,the frequency spectrum consists of discrete electromagnetic parts and,depending on the electron density profile of the plasma,of infinitely degenerate and/or continuous,essentially electrostatic *** the plasma is absent,the latter reduces to the infinitely degenerate zero eigenvalue of electrostatics.A good discretization method for the Maxwell equations must reproduce these *** is shown here that the COOL method meets this demand properly and to very high precision.

关键词： COOL method physics-conforming continuous spectrum plasma waveguide spectral method

Real-world clinical effectiveness of sorafenib among patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma at two centers in the United States

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第10期15卷 1796-1806页

作者： Daneng Li Stephen B gruber Shrividya iyer Sanjay Gupta Mohamedtaki Tejani Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Center for Precision Medicine City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010United States Department of Oncology Worldwide Real-World EvidenceEisai Inc.NutleyNJ 07110United States Department of Oncology and Hematology Advent Health Cancer InstituteOrlandoFL 32804United States

BACKGROUND in the United States,sorafenib monotherapy was approved in 2007 for first-line(1L)treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC).As other therapies have been approved in recent years for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment in later lines,it is essential to assess clinical effectiveness of older therapies in actual clinical practice to inform healthcare practitioners’decisions for better patient *** To assess patient characteristics/clinical effectiveness of 1L sorafenib in uHCC patients treated in United States academic and community practice *** A retrospective observational study was conducted among adult patients(≥18 years)in the United States initiating sorafenib monotherapy as 1L systemic therapy for uHCC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status of 0 or 1 between January 2016 and December 2019 at City of Hope and Advent *** were extracted by trained abstractionists from individual patients’electronic health records and captured in electronic case report *** Review Board approvals were obtained prior to study *** were captured from the time of sorafenib initiation until death or the end of *** data were de-identified prior to *** outcomes assessed included provider-reported best response,progression-free survival(PFS),and overall survival(OS).PFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier *** Among 134 uHCC patients treated with 1L sorafenib,majority were male(75%),and most were Caucasian(62%)or Asian(19%).Median patient age was 64 *** most common etiologies of liver disease were hepatitis C(54%),alcohol-related liver disease(16%),and hepatitis B(11%).Most patients were reported to have Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B(19%)or stage C(70%)*** 134 patients,110(82%)were reported to have discontinued treatment or died during *** reasons for sorafenib discontinuation were reported as progression(35%)and toxici

关键词： Retrospective observational study Sorafenib Hepatocellular carcinoma Clinical effectiveness

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against oxidative stress and dampens inflammation via heme oxygenase 1

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international Journal of Oral Science 2019年第1期11卷 50-57页

作者： Alexandra St?hli Ceeneena Ubaidha Maheen Franz Josef Strauss Sigrun Eick Anton Sculean Reinhard gruber Department of Oral Biology School of Dentistry Medical University of Vienna Department of Periodontology School of Dental MedicineUniversity of Bern Department of Conservative Dentistry School of Dentistry University of Chile Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration

Periodontal disease is associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE), which is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase 1(HO1), is a central active component of propolis, and the application of propolis improves periodontal status in diabetic patients. Here, primary murine macrophages were exposed to CAPE. Target gene expression was assessed by whole-genome microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of CAPE were examined by exposure of the cells to hydrogen peroxide, saliva and periodontal pathogens. The involvement of HO1 was investigated with the HO1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin(SnPP) and knockout mice for Nrf2, which is a transcription factor for detoxifying enzymes. CAPE increased HO1 and other heat shock proteins in murine macrophages. A p38 MAPK inhibitor and Nrf2 knockout attenuated CAPE-induced HO1 expression in macrophages. CAPE exerted strong antioxidative activity. Additionally, CAPE reduced the inflammatory response to saliva and periodontal pathogens. Blocking HO1 decreased the antioxidative activity and attenuated the anti-inflammatory activity of CAPE. in conclusion, CAPE exerted its antioxidative effects through the Nrf2-mediated HO1 pathway and its anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition. However, preclinical models evaluating the use of CAPE in periodontal inflammation are necessary in future studies.

关键词： Caffeic acid phenethyl ester(CAPE) inflammatory response

impact shock frequency components and attenuation in rearfoot and forefoot running

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第2期3卷 113-121,153+157页

作者： Allison H.gruber Katherine A.Boyer Timothy R.Derrick Joseph Hamill Biomechanics Laboratory University of Massachusetts Amherst Biomechanics Laboratory Iowa State University

Background:The forefoot running footfall pattern has been suggested to reduce the risk of developing running related overuse injuries due to a reduction of impact related variables compared with the rearfoot running footfall ***,only time-domain impact variables have been compared between footfall *** frequency content of the impact shock and the degree to which it is attenuated may be of greater importance for injury risk and prevention than time-domain ***,the purpose of this study was to determine the differences in head and tibial acceleration signal power and shock attenuation between rearfoot and forefoot ***:Nineteen habitual rearfoot runners and 19 habitual forefoot runners ran on a treadmill at 3.5 m/s using their preferred footfall patterns while tibial and head acceleration data were *** magnitude of the first and second head acceleration peaks,and peak positive tibial acceleration were *** power spectral density of each signal was calculated to transform the head and tibial accelerations in the frequency *** attenuation was calculated by a transfer function of the head signal relative to the ***:Peak positive tibial acceleration and signal power in the lower and higher ranges were significantly greater during rearfoot than forefoot running(/> irst and second head acceleration peaks and head signal power were not statistically different between patterns(p > 0.05).Rearfoot running resulted in significantly greater shock attenuation for the lower and higher frequency ranges as a result of greater tibial acceleration(p ion:The difference in impact shock frequency content between footfall patterns suggests that the primary mechanisms for attenuation may *** relationship between shock attenuation mechanisms and injury is not clear but given the differences in impact frequency content,neither footfall pattern may be more benefi

关键词： Frequency domain impact shock Running footfall patterns Shock attenuation Tibial acceleration