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COMPARiSON OF OPTiCAL POLARiMETRY AND DiFFUSiON TENSOR MR iMAGiNG FOR ASSESSiNG MYOCARDiAL ANiSOTROPY

Journal of innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第2期3卷 109-121页

作者： MARiKA A.WALLENBURG MiHAELA POP MiCHAEL F.G.WOOD NiRMALYA GHOSH GRAHAM A.WRiGHT i.alex vitkin Ontario Cancer institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics610 University Avenue TorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9 Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center2075 Bayview Avenue TorontoONCanadaM5N 3M5 iiSER Kolkata Mohanpur CampusP.O.BCKV Campus Main Office Mohanpur 741252West BengalIndia Ontario Cancer institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology 610 University AvenueTorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9

We have recently proposed an optical method for assessing heart structure that uses polarized light measurement of birefringence as an indicator of tissue *** highly aligned nature of healthy cardiac muscle tissue has a detectable effect on the polarization of light,resulting in a measurable phase shift(“retardance”).When this organized tissue structure is perturbed,for example after cardiac infarction(heart attack),scar tissue containing disorganized collagen is formed,causing a decrease in the measured retardance ***,these are dependent not only on tissue anisotropy,but also on the angle between the tissue’s optical anisotropy direction and the beam interrogating the *** remove this experimental ambiguity,we present a method that interrogates the sample at two different incident beam angles,thus yielding enough information to uniquely determine the true magnitude and orientation of the tissue optical *** use an infarcted porcine heart model to compare these polarimetryderived anisotropy metrics with those obtained with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging(DT-MRi).The latter yields the anisotropy and the direction of tissue water diffusivity,providing an independent measure of tissue *** optical and MR results are thus directly compared in a common ex vivo biological model of interest,yielding reasonable agreement but also highlighting some technique-specific differences.

关键词： Birefringence Mueller matrix decomposition fractional anisotropy diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging myocardial infarction

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Conics on Barth-Bauer octics

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1507-1524页

作者： alex Degtyarev Department of Mathematics Bilkent UniversityAnkara06800Turkey

We analyze the configurations of conics and lines on a special class of Kummer octic surfaces. in particular, we bound the number of conics by 176 and show that there is a unique surface with 176 conics, all irreducible: it admits a faithful action of one of the Mukai groups. Therefore, we also discuss conics and lines on Mukai surfaces: we discover a double plane(ramified at a smooth sextic curve) that contains 8,910 smooth conics.

关键词： K3-surface octic surface Kummer surface conic Mukai group

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Developing the new soil science——Advice for early-career soil scientists

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 3-4页

作者： alex McBRATNEY Sydney institute of Agriculture&School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia

Confucius said,“To know what you know and what you do not know, that is true knowledge.”Hartemink (2006) edited a prescient book on the future of soil science, the contents of which are worthy of consideration today. Since then, there has been a growing emphasis on soil carbon, soil health, and soil security, as well as increased capability of technology related to machine leaning and soil sensing and *** KNOWLEDGE DiSCOVERY CATEGORiSATiON Based on the above ancient aphorism attributed to Confucius, the author writing in Hartemink (2006) classified soil knowledge and knowledge discovery into 4 categories. An updated version is given in Fig. 1.

关键词： soil measurement. leaning

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Blast waveform tailoring using controlled venting in blast simulators and shock tubes

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： Edward Chern Jinn Gan alex Remennikov David Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance *** wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications,inadvertently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper investigates controlled venting as an expedient way for waveforms to be tuned without requiring extensive modifications to the driver or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled venting is demonstrated experimentally using the Advanced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian National Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and via numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** venting is determined as an effective method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected waves within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak overpressure,the positive phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negative phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled venting for blast waveform tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast simulator Shock wave propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast waves Computational fluid dynamics

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No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： Austin Dotta Batur Yaman alex Van Huynh Department of Biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian *** studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and *** we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging *** use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field ***).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site *** did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging *** results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： Foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

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Kinematics of mandibular advancement devices (MADs): Why do some MADs move the lower jaw backward during mouth opening?

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BiO-DESiGN AND MANUFACTURiNG 2024年第5期7卷 637-650页

作者： Cabrera, Juan A. Bataller, alex Postigo, Sergio Garcia, Marcos Univ Malaga Mech Engn Dept Malaga 29071 Spain

Mandibular advancement devices (MADs) are widely used treatments for obstructive sleep apnea. MADs function by advancing the lower jaw to open the upper airway. To increase patient comfort, most patients allow the mouth to be opened. However, not all systems maintain the lower jaw in a forward position during mouth opening, which results in the production of a retrusion that favors the collapse of the upper airway. Furthermore, the kinematic behavior of the mechanism formed by the mandible-device assembly depends on jaw morphology. This means that, during mouth opening, some devices cause lower jaw protrusion in some patients, but cause its retraction in others. in this study, we report the behavior of well-known devices currently on the market. To do so, we developed a kinematic model of the lower jaw device assembly. This model was validated for all devices analyzed using a high-resolution camera system. Our results show that some of the devices analyzed here did not produce the correct behavior during patient mouth opening. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)idth Left Parenthesis>MADsidth Right Parenthesis>(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ideographic Full Stop>MADs(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ideographic Full Stop>(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ideographic Full Stop>(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ideographic Full Stop>(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)ideographic Full Stop>(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(

关键词： Mandibular advancement devices Lower jaw kinematics Sleep apnea OBSTRUCTiVE SLEEP-APNEA ORAL APPLiANCES MECHANiSM DESiGN MOTiON

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Reinforcement Learning-Empowered Graph Convolutional Network Framework for Data integrity Attack Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 797-806页

作者： Edeh Vincent Mehdi Korki Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian alex Stojcevski Saad Mekhilef School of Science Computingand Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneAustralia

The massive integration of communication and information technology with the large-scale power grid has enhanced the efficiency, safety, and economical operation of cyber-physical systems. However, the open and diversified communication environment of the smart grid is exposed to cyber-attacks. Data integrity attacks that can bypass conventional security techniques have been considered critical threats to the operation of the grid. Current detection techniques cannot learn the dynamic and heterogeneous characteristics of the smart grid and are unable to deal with non-euclidean data types. To address the issue, we propose a novel Deep-Q-Network scheme empowered with a graph convolutional network (GCN) framework to detect data integrity attacks in cyber-physical systems. The simulation results show that the proposed framework is scalable and achieves higher detection accuracy, unlike other benchmark techniques.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning graph convolutional network heterogeneous smart grid network

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Sensing of membrane tensions:the pleiotropic functions of OSCA/TMEM63 mechanosensitive ion channels

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第6期51卷 579-582页

作者： Bo Yu alex Costa Yang Zhao Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biosciences University of MilanVia Celoria 26Milan 20133Italy

Organisms sense and respond to environmental and developmental signals to drive adaptive responses(Kefauver et al.,2020;Yu et al.,2024).These stimuli can be mainly divided into physical and chemical stimuli,and the physical stimuli include light,temperature,sound,vibration,pressure,stretch,shear stress,osmotic stress,and substrate *** of these physical stimuli trigger physical forces and alter membrane tension,which in turn activates mechanosensitive channels(MsCs)and converts the mechanical cues into biochemical signals.

关键词： deformation. convert mec

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A pressure-sensitive rheological origin of high friction angles of granular matter observed in NASA–MGM project

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 559-567页

作者：程晓辉肖世泽杨森赵乃峰 alex Sixie Cao Department of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China College of Transportation Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China institute of Structural Engineering ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland

An abnormally high peak friction angle of Ottawa sand was observed in(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) NASA–(Mechanics of Granular Materials) MGM tests in microgravity conditions on the space shuttle. Previous investigations have been unsuccessful in providing a constitutive insight into this behavior of granular materials under extremely low effective stress conditions. Here, a recently proposed unified constitutive model for transient rheological behavior of sand and other granular materials is adopted for the analytical assessment of high peak friction angles. For the first time, this long-eluded behavior of sand is attributed to a hidden rheological transition mechanism, that is not only rate-sensitive, but also pressure-sensitive. The NASA–MGM microgravity conditions show that shear-tests of sand can be performed under abnormally low confining stress conditions. The pressure-sensitive behavior of granular shearing that is previously ignored is studied based on the μ(i) rheology and its variations. Comparisons between the model and the NASA microgravity tests demonstrate a high degree of agreement. The research is highly valid for pressure-sensitive and rate-dependent problems that occur during earthquakes, landslides, and space exploration.

关键词： granular matter microgravity pressure-sensitive NASA–MGM

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Embedded Majorana islands

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 154-164页

作者： Jin-Xing Hou alex Weststrom Rui Wang Wen-Li Yang Jian Li institute of Modern Physics Northwest UniversityXi’an 710127China Department of Physics School of ScienceWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers Xi’an 710127China institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Collaborative innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Xi’an 710127China

Mesoscopic superconducting islands hosting Majorana zero modes(MZMs),or Majorana islands in short,offer a prototype of topological *** this work we investigate theoretically the model of a generic Majorana island tunneling-coupled to a singlepiece metallic substrate,hence an embedded Majorana *** show the crucial consequences of an interplay between the topological ground states nonlocally addressed by the MZMs and the metallic bath with coherent electron propagation:on the one hand,the topological degeneracy on the Majorana island can be preserved,by virtue of the particle-hole symmetry,despite the apparent bath-induced coupling between MZMs;on the other hand,the electronic interference in the metallic bath may lead to profound alterations to the renormalization group behavior of the hybrid system towards low energy/temperature compared with conventional Kondo *** work serves to establish the model of embedded Majorana islands as an experimentally relevant and theoretically intriguing problem particularly in the direction of topological quantum computation.

关键词： topological quantum computation Majorana zero modes topological qubit mesoscopic superconductor topological Kondo effect

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