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Arctic sea-ice extent: No record minimum in 2023 or recent years

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2025年第1期18卷 52-55页

作者： Ola M.Johannessen Tor i.Olaussen Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway

Arctic sea-ice extent reaches its minimum each year in September. On 11 September 2023 the minimum was 4.969 million square kilometers(***^(2)). This was not a record low, which occurred in 2012, when the minimum was 4.175 ***^(2), 0.794 ***^(2) less than the minimum in 2023. However, the ice extent had decreased by 0.432 ***^(2) compared with 2022. Nevertheless, the summer melting in 2023 was remarkably less than expected when considering the strong heat waves in the atmosphere and ocean, with record temperatures set around the world. in general, there is a high correlation between the long-term decrease in sea-ice extent and the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere, where the increase of CO_(2) in recent decades explains about 80% of the decrease in sea ice in September, while the remainder is caused by natural variability.

关键词： Sea ice Arctic Minimum ice Climate

Coarse to Fine: The Role of Severe Plastic Deformation in Advancing Titanium-Based Medical implants - A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 295-306页

作者： Dragana R Mihajlović Bojan i Međo ivana Lj Cvijović-Alagić Veljko R Djokić Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of BelgradeKarnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia Vinča institute of Nuclear Sci-ences-National institute of the Republic of Serbia University of Belgrade11001BeogradSerbia innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Karnegijeva 411120 BelgradeSerbia

This paper describes severe plastic deformation(SPD)procedures,which are utilized to form an ultrafine-grained structure in metallic *** the SPD process,a solid material sample is subjected to very high loads without a significant change in sample *** the present work,the high-pressure torsion(HPT)process,as one of the SPD techniques,which achieves a high degree of deformation and ensures refinement of the microstructure,will be discussed in more *** that grain size control is accepted as a method to obtain materials with desired characteristics,an overview of the properties of ultrafine-grained titanium-based biomaterials to be used in medicine is ***,particular attention is dedicated to the influences of HPT process parameters,primarily hydrostatic pressure,and number of revolutions during torsion,on the grain size and physical and mechanical characteristics(modulus of elasticity,microhardness,and tensile properties),corrosion resistance,and biocompatibility of the titanium-based biomaterials.A review of the literature indicates that titanium-based materials obtained by the SPD process show improved mechanical and physical properties without losing biocompatibility and corrosion resistance,which suggests that these methods of obtaining implants are something that should be further developed in the future.

关键词： high-pressure torsion process ultrafine-grained titanium-based materials electrochemical anodization physical properties mechanical properties

Multisensory mechanisms of gait and balance in Parkinson’s disease:an integrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 82-92页

作者： Stiven Roytman Rebecca Paalanen Giulia Carli Uros Marusic Prabesh Kanel Teus van Laar Nico i.Bohnen Department of Radiology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Morris K.Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA institute for Kinesiology Research Science and Research Centre KoperKoperSlovenia Department of Health Sciences Alma Mater Europaea–ECMMariborSlovenia Parkinson’s Foundation Research Center of Excellence University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Neurology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Neurology Service and GRECC VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMIUSA

Understanding the neural underpinning of human gait and balance is one of the most pertinent challenges for 21st-century translational neuroscience due to the profound impact that falls and mobility disturbances have on our aging *** and gait control does not happen automatically,as previously believed,but rather requires continuous involvement of central nervous *** effectively exert control over the body,the brain must integrate multiple streams of sensory information,including visual,vestibular,and somatosensory *** mechanisms which underpin the integration of these multisensory signals are the principal topic of the present *** multisensory integration theories focus on how failure of cognitive processes thought to be involved in multisensory integration leads to falls in older *** emphasis,however,has been placed on specific contributions of individual sensory modalities to multisensory integration processes and cross-modal interactions that occur between the sensory modalities in relation to gait and *** the present work,we review the contributions of somatosensory,visual,and vestibular modalities,along with their multisensory intersections to gait and balance in older adults and patients with Parkinson’s *** also review evidence of vestibular contributions to multisensory temporal binding windows,previously shown to be highly pertinent to fall risk in older ***,we relate multisensory vestibular mechanisms to potential neural substrates,both at the level of neurobiology(concerning positron emission tomography imaging)and at the level of electrophysiology(concerning electroencephalography).We hope that this integrative review,drawing influence across multiple subdisciplines of neuroscience,paves the way for novel research directions and therapeutic neuromodulatory approaches,to improve the lives of older adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： aging balance encephalography functional magnetic resonance imaging gait multisensory integration Parkinson’s disease positron emission tomography somatosensory vestibular visual

Apolipoprotein A-i binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan Choi Soo-Ho Choi Keun-Young Kim Yury i.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Generic functional modelling of multi-pulse auto-transformer rectifier units for more-electric aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第5期31卷 883-891页

作者： Tao YANG Serhiy bozhko Patrick WHEELER Shaoping WANG Shuai WU Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University

The Auto-Transformer Rectifier Unit（ATRU） is one preferred solution for high-power AC/DC power conversion in aircraft. This is mainly due to its simple structure, high reliability and reduced k VA ratings. indeed, the ATRU has become a preferred AC/DC solution to supply power to the electric environment control system on-board future aircraft. in this paper, a general modelling method for ATRUs is introduced. The developed model is based on the fact that the DC voltage and current are strongly related to the voltage and current vectors at the AC terminals of ATRUs. in this paper, we carry on our research in modelling symmetric 18-pulse ATRUs and develop a generic modelling technique. The developed generic model can study not only symmetric but also asymmetric ATRUs. An 18-pulse asymmetric ATRU is used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the developed model by comparing with corresponding detailed switching SABER models provided by our industrial partner. The functional models also allow accelerated and accurate simulations and thus enable whole-scale more-electric aircraft electrical power system studies in the future.

关键词： Asymmetric transformer Functional modelling More-Electric Aircraft Multi-pulse rectifier Transformer rectifier unit

Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第10期35卷 233-246页

作者： Yuan GAO Tao YANG Serhiy bozhko Pat WHEELER Tomislav DRAGiCEViC Chris GERADA Power Electronics Machines and Control GroupUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkKgs.Lyngby 2800Denmark

This study uses the Neural Network(NN)technique to optimize design of surfacemounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(PMSMs)for More-Electric Aircraft(MEA)*** key role of NN is to provide dedicated correction factors for the analytical PMSM mass and loss estimation within the entire design *** on that,a globally optimal design can be quickly *** the analytical estimation with Finite-Element Analysis(FEA)is the main research target of training the *** analytical formulae serve as the basis of this study,but they are prone to loss accuracy(especially for a large design space)due to their assumptions and *** the help of the trained NNs,the analytical motor model can give an estimation as accurate as the FEA but with super less time during the optimization *** Average Correction Factor(ACF)approach is regarded as the comparison method to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed NN ***,a NN aided three-stage-sevenstep optimization methodology is ***,a Pole-10-Slot-12 PMSM case study is given to demonstrate the feasibility and gain of the NN aided multi-objective optimization *** this case,the NN aided analytical model can generate one motor design in 0.04 s while it takes more than 1 min for the used FEA model.

关键词： Design and optimization Loss estimation Mean Length per Turn(MLT) More-Electric Aircraft(MEA) Neural Network(NN) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM)

Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第2期36卷 213-228页

作者： Yuan GAO Benjamin CHEONG Serhiy bozhko Pat WHEELER Chris GERADA Tao YANG Power Electronics Machines and Control GroupUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG 72RDUK School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Motor drives form an essential part of the electric compressors,pumps,braking and actuation systems in the More-Electric Aircraft(MEA).in this paper,the application of Machine Learning(ML)in motor-drive design and optimization process is *** general idea of using ML is to train surrogate models for the *** training process is based on sample data collected from detailed simulation or experiment of motor ***,the Surrogate Role(SR)of ML may vary for different *** paper first introduces the principles of ML and then proposes two SRs(direct mapping approach and correction approach)of the ML in a motor-drive optimization *** different cases are given for the method comparison and validation of ML *** first case is using the sample data from experiments to train the ML surrogate *** the second case,the joint-simulation data is utilized for a multi-objective motor-drive optimization *** is found that both surrogate roles of ML can provide a good mapping model for the cases and in the second case,three feasible design schemes of ML are proposed and validated for the two *** the time consumption in optimizaiton,the proposed ML models can give one motor-drive design point up to 0.044 s while it takes more than 1.5 mins for the used simulation-based models.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Design and Optimization Machine Learning(ML) More-Electric Aircraft(MEA) Motor drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM) Search Algorithm Surrogate Algorithm

Writing with atoms： Oxygen adatoms on the MoO2/Mo（110） surface

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Nano Research 2013年第12期6卷 929-937页

作者： Sergey A. Krasnikov Olaf Lubben Barry E. Murphy Sergey i. bozhko Alexander N. Chaika Natalia N. Sergeeva Brendan Bulfin and igor V. Shvets Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices School of Physics Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Chernogolovka Moscow District 142432 Russia School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Writing at the nanoscale using the desorption of oxygen adatoms from the oxygen-rich MoO2＋x/Mo（110） surface is demonstrated by scanning tunnelling microscopy （STM）. High-temperature oxidation of the Mo（110） surface results in a strained, bulk-like MOO2（010） ultra-thin film with an O-Mo-O trilayer structure. Due to the lattice mismatch between the Mo（110） and the MOO2（010）, the latter consists of well-ordered molybdenum oxide nanorows separated by 2.5 nm. The MoO2（010）/Mo（110） structure is confirmed by STM data and density functional theory calculations. Further oxidation results in the oxygen-rich MoOa^x/Mo（110） surface, which exhibits perfectly aligned double rows of oxygen adatoms, imaged by STM as bright protrusions. These adatoms can be removed from the surface by scanning （or pulsing） at positive sample biases greater than 1.5 V. Tip movement along the surface can be used for controlled lithography （or writing） at the nanoscale, with a minimum feature size of just 3 nm. By moving the STM tip in a predetermined fashion, information can be written and read by applying specific biases between the surface and the tip.

关键词： scanning tunnellingmicroscopy inelastic tunnelling atom manipulation molybdenum oxide

Prognostic impact of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第1期16卷 5-9页

作者： Macarena Teja María i Garrido Abrahams Ocanto Felipe Counago Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-San Francisco de Asís University HospitalMadrid 28002Spain Department of Radiation Oncology GenesisCare-Vithas La Milagrosa University HospitalMadrid 28010Spain National Director GenesisCare SpainMadrid 28043Spain Department of Medicine School of MedicineHealth and SportEuropean University of MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Pancreatic cancer is usually associated with a poor *** is the main curative treatment but pancreatic operations are aggressive and new tools that help clinicians to predict surgical and prognostic outcomes are *** et al recently published a retrospective,single centre cohort study evaluating the impact of seven nutritional and inflammatory markers in pancreatic cancer surgical patients:The albumin-to-globulin ratio,prognostic nutritional index(PNi),systemic immune-inflammation index(Sii),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),nutritional risk index,and the geriatric nutritional risk index.A significant correlation was found between the PNi,Sii,NLR,and PLR and a hospital discharge of less than 15 *** a univariable analysis,PNi,Sii,NLR and PLR were significantly related to recurrence-free survival and,in a multivariable analysis PNi was associated with overall *** meta-analyses corroborate the results in terms of prognosis but individual studies are discordant on their ***,the cut-off values for these markers vary significantly between studies and there are no clinical trials comparing them to identify the most relevant *** are limitations when implementing nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers into clinical practice and further studies are needed in order to answer these questions.

关键词： inflammatory biomarkers Nutritional biomarkers Pancreatic cancer Prognosis Surgical complications