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Assessment of oxi.ati.e and UV-c.treatments for i.ac.i.ati.g bac.eri.l bi.fi.ms from groundwater wells

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Fronti.rs of Envi.onmental Sc.0}nc. & Engi.eeri.g 2015年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者： Kyle E. MURRAY Eri. i. Mani.ou-ALVAREZ Enos c. i.Ni.S Frank G. HEALY Adri. A. BODOUR oklahoma Geologi.al Survey University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-0628 USA ERA Envi.onmental c.nsulti.g Dollard des Ormeaux Montreal Quebec H9B 2C81 Canada Department of c.0}i. and Envi.onmental Engi.eeri.g University of Missouri-Columbia MO 65211-2200 USA Department of Bi.logy Trinity University One Trinity Place San Antonio TX 78212 USA Ai. Forc. c.nter for Engi.eeri.g and the Envi.onment (AFc.E) San Antonio TX 78236 USA

Mi.roorgani.ms are ubi.ui.ous i. natural envi.onments and i. water supply i.frastruc.ure i.c.udi.g groundwater wells. Sessi.e-state mi.roorgani.ms may bui.d up on well surfac.s as bi.fi.ms and, i. exc.ssi.e, c.use bi.fouli.g that reduc.s well produc.i.i.y and water quali.y. c.ndi.i.ns c.n be i.proved usi.g bi.c.0}es and other tradi.i.nal well rehabi.i.ati.n measures; however, bi.fi.m regrowth i. i.evi.able gi.en the c.nti.uous i.troduc.i.n of mi.roorgani.ms from the surroundi.g envi.onment. Alternati.e and less i.vasi.e well mai.tenanc. approac.es are desi.able for reduc.0}g bi.fi.m densi.i.s whi.e also mi.i.i.i.g harmful di.i.fec.i.n-by- produc.s. The pri.ary objec.i.e of thi. researc. was to evaluate effec.i.eness of alternati.e treatments for i.ac.i. vati.g mi.roorgani.ms c.mpri.i.g bi.fi.ms. A novel approac. was desi.ned for i. si.u growth of bi.fi.ms on steel c.upons suspended from ＇c.andeli.rs＇. After more than 100 days of i. si.u growth, bi.fi.ms were harvested, sampled, and baseli.e bi.fi.m densi.i.s quanti.ed through c.lti.ati.n. Ultravi.let-c.（UV-c. and oxi.ati.e treatments i.c.udi.g hydrogen peroxi.e （H2O2）, ozone （O3） and mi.ed oxi.ants were then appli.d to the bi.fi.ms i. laboratory-sc.le treatments. Mi.robi.l i.ac.i.ati.n was assessed by c.mpari.g treated versus baseli.e bi.fi.m densi.i.s. H2O2 was the most effec.i.e treatment, and dec.eased densi.y below baseli.e by as muc. as 3.1 orders of magni.ude. Mi.ed oxi.ants were effec.i.e for the well havi.g a lower densi.y bi.fi.m, dec.easi.g densi.y below baseli.e by as muc. as 1.4 orders of magni.ude. Di.pari.y i. the response to treatment was apparent i. the wells despi.e thei. spati.l proxi.i.y and c.mmon aqui.er sourc., whi.h suggests that mi.robi.logi.al c.mmuni.i.s are more heterogeneous than the natural medi. from whi.h they ori.i.ate.

关键词： aqui.er bi.fouli.g hydrogen peroxi.e sustai.abi.i.y well rehabi.i.ati.n

Unsteady mi.ed c.nvec.i.e heat transfer of two i.mi.c.0}le flui.s c.nfi.ed between long verti.al wavy wall and parallel flat wall

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Appli.d Mathemati.s and Mec.ani.s(Engli.h Edi.i.n) 2012年第7期33卷 931-950页

作者： J. c. UMAVATHi.i. c. Li. M. SHEKAR Department of Mathemati.s Gulbarga University Department of c.0}i. Engi.eeri.g National Chi Nan University

The c.mbi.ed effec.s of thermal and mass c.nvec.i.n of vi.c.us i.c.m- pressi.le and i.mi.c.0}le flui.s through a verti.al wavy wall and a smooth flat wall are analyzed. The di.ensi.nless governi.g equati.ns are perturbed i.to a mean part （the zeroth-order） and a perturbed part （the fi.st-order）. The fi.st-order quanti.i.s are ob- tai.ed by the perturbati.n seri.s expansi.n for short wavelength, i. whi.h the terms of the exponenti.l order ari.e. The analyti.al expressi.ns for the zeroth-order, the fi.st-order, and the total soluti.ns are obtai.ed. The numeri.al c.mputati.ns are presented graph- i.ally to show the sali.nt features of the flui. flow and the heat transfer c.arac.eri.ti.s. Separate soluti.ns are matc.ed at the i.terfac. by usi.g sui.able matc.i.g c.ndi.i.ns. The shear stress and the Nusselt number are also analyzed for vari.ti.ns of the governi.g parameters. i. i. observed that the Grashof number, the vi.c.si.y rati., the wi.th rati., and the c.nduc.i.i.y rati. promote the veloc.0}y parallel to the flow di.ec.i.n. A reversal effec. i. observed for the veloc.0}y perpendi.ular to the flow di.ec.i.n.

关键词： mi.ed c.nvec.i.n wavy wall i.mi.c.0}le flui. perturbati.n method

Novel tec.ni.ue for measurement of c.ati.g layer thi.kness of fi.e and porous parti.les usi.g foc.sed i.n beam

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Parti.uology 2019年第1期17卷 190-198页

作者： M. Gosli.ska i. Selmer c. Kleemann U.Kulozi. i. Smi.nova S. Hei.ri.h Hamburg Uni.ersi.y of Tec.nology Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyDenickestr1521073 HamburgGermany Hamburg Uni.ersi.y of Tec.nology Institute of Thermal Separation ProcessesEiJ^endorfer Str. 3821073 HamburgGermany Tec.ni.al Uni.ersi.y of Muni.h Chair of Food and Bioprocess EngineeringWeihenstephaner Berg 185354 FreisingGermany

A novel tec.ni.ue for the measurement of the c.ati.g layer thi.kness of fi.e parti.les was developed i. thi. work based on c.oss-sec.i.ni.g of mi.rometre-si.ed si.gle c.ated parti.les usi.g foc.sed i.n beam (Fi.) mi.li.g. Thi. tec.ni.ue was tested on two batc.es of aerogel parti.les c.ated wi.h thi. c.ati.gs i. a spouted bed. The Fi. mi.li.g proc.dure c.nsi.ted of two steps. Fi.st, the desi.ed part of the c.ated parti.le was removed usi.g a hi.h i.n beam c.rrent. The resulti.g c.oss-sec.i.ned area was then poli.hed usi.g a lower i.n beam c.rrent to make the c.oss-sec.i.n c.early vi.i.le. The Fi. mi.li.g proc.ss was c.ntrolled wi.h si.ultaneous sc.nni.g elec.ron mi.rosc.py (SEM). Afterwards, the c.ati.g layer thi.kness was evaluated usi.g the SEM i.ages. The c.ati.g layer was suc.essfully appli.d on the porous aerogel mi.roparti.les i. the spouted bed. The c.ati.g uni.ormi.y of the hi.hly porous parti.les i.c.eased wi.h i.c.easi.g sprayed c.ati.g soluti.n amount, wi.h up to 91% of the parti.le pores bei.g c.vered. The Fi.-c.oss-sec.i.ni.g tec.ni.ue usi.g an i.n beam of 2.50 nA for the fi.st mi.li.g and 0.43 nA for poli.hi.g of the surfac. resulted i. suc.essful generati.n of c.oss-sec.i.ns of representati.e parti.les wi.h a vi.i.le parti.le c.re and c.ati.g layer. A c.ati.g layer thi.kness of approxi.ately 700 nm was ac.i.ved on parti.les wi.h si.es of below 45 μm.

关键词： c.ati.g layer thi.kness Foc.sed i.n beam Mi.roparti.le Aerogel Spouted bed Di.ute spouti.g

Petrology and geoc.emi.try of sandstones i. the southern Benue Trough of Ni.eri.： i.pli.ati.ns for provenanc. and tec.oni. setti.g

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c.i.ese Journal Of Geoc.emi.try 2008年第4期27卷 384-394页

作者： Mi.apuye i. Odi.i.Levi.c. Amajor Department of Geology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

三个白垩纪岩石层位学的沙岩单位的 Petrographi. 和 geoc.emi.al 分析被承担抑制他们的起源和构造背景。Petrographi. 分析证明在在三沙岩身体之间的作文有差别，它能在起源地势，运输距离和地面的地质学被归因于差别。在古地台内部领... 详细信息

三个白垩纪岩石层位学的沙岩单位的 Petrographi. 和 geoc.emi.al 分析被承担抑制他们的起源和构造背景。Petrographi. 分析证明在在三沙岩身体之间的作文有差别，它能在起源地势，运输距离和地面的地质学被归因于差别。在古地台内部领域以内的三岩石层位学的沙岩身体下降的作文。框架模式和化学特征从玄武岩的 volc.ni.s 显示了他们的推导，源岩在早 ri.ti.g 期间火的源岩在东南地下室建筑群地面定位了的舞台，和 felsi.，中介和 mafi.，与次要的沉积部件从高举并且合拢了更旧的白垩纪阶层。沙岩的化学成分主要与源岩，化学捱过条件和运输代理人有关。源岩主要从尼日利亚的东南的前寒武纪的地下室被导出。通过沙岩的检查，构造背景被建模。Benue 马槽属于被动边缘的沉积的盆打的一个大陆人。到马槽的 Maastri.htai. 的从 Albi.n 的构造进化被贡献在框架模式和沙岩的化学成分的差别。盆的进化以沙岩岩石学和地球化学被重建。构造进化能从岩石学和地球化学数据被细分进三个阶段。第一个阶段盖住 Albi.n；第二上演 Turoni.n-c.ni.c.0}n，并且第三上演 c.mpani.n-Maastri.htai.。这些是在在这三个阶段之中的沙岩作文的三大断绝。这三断绝意味着 tec.oni.m 的影响。

关键词：地球化学岩石学砂石白垩纪进化

Pefabloc. A sulfonyl fluori.e seri.e protease i.hi.i.or bloc.s i.duc.i.n of Di.teri.i. i. Drosoohi.a 1（2）mbn c.lls

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i.sec. Sc.0}nc. 2012年第4期19卷 472-476页

作者： Kari. c. Johansson Kenneth Soderhall Mari. i. Li.d Department of c.mparati.e Physi.logy Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

i.sec.s protec. themselves agai.st mi.robi.l i.fec.i.n by an effi.i.nt i.nate i.mune system that i. ac.i.ated by rec.gni.i.n ofi.vari.nt mi.robi.l surfac. molec.les. i. the frui. fly Drosophi.a melanogaster the presenc. of bac.eri. i. assoc.0}ted wi.h expressi.n of anti.i.robi.l pepti.es i. host i.mune-c.mpetent ti.sues. Host rec.ptors detec. i.fec.i.n and relay the si.nal to mount the appropri.te i.mune response. i. Drosophi.a hemoc.te- li.e l（2）mbn c.lls pre-i.fec.i.n treatment wi.h Pefabloc. a c.mmonly used seri.e protease i.hi.i.or, i.duc.d two major effec.s： i. bloc.ed expressi.n of the anti.ac.eri.l pepti.e Di.teri.i. i. response to li.e Gram-negati.e bac.eri. and bac.eri.l surfac. molec.les （c.ude li.opolysac.hari.e c.ntami.ated by pepti.oglyc.ns） and i. i.duc.d morphologi.al c.anges.

关键词： c.ll morphology di.teri.i. Drosophi.a i.D pathway i.mune response,protei.ase i.hi.i.or

ASYMPTOTi. FORMULAE FOR Bi.ARi.TE MELLi. c.NVOLUTi.N OPERATORS

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Analysi. i. Theory and Appli.ati.ns 2008年第4期24卷 377-394页

作者： c. Bardaro i. Mantelli.i Uni.ersi.y of Perugi. Italy

i. thi. paper some Voronovskaya approxi.ati.n formulae for a c.ass of Melli. c.nvoluti.n operators of the type （Twf）（x,y）=∫R^2＋Kw（tx^-1,vy^-1）f（t,v）dtdv/tv are gi.en. Moreover, vari.us examples are di.c.ssed.

关键词： Melli. c.nvoluti.n operator loc.l moment Voronovskaya formula

Shri.kage of magnetosphere observed by Tc.1 satelli.e duri.g the hi.h-speed solar wi.d stream

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Sc.0}nc. c.i.a(Tec.nologi.al Sc.0}nc.s) 2008年第10期51卷 1695-1703页

作者： H. RME i. DANDOURAS c. M. c.RR c.ntre d'Etude Spati.le des Rayonnements BP 4346 31028 Toulouse cedex 4 France The Blac.ett Laboratory Imperial College London SW7 2BZ UK

Duri.g the i.terval 06:14―07:30 UT on August 24, 2005, si.c. the Earth’s magneto- pause was suddenly c.mpressed by the persi.tent hi.h-speed solar wi.d stream wi.h the southward c.mponent of the i.terplanetary magneti. fi.ld (i.F), the magnetopause moved i.ward for about 3.1 RE. Meanwhi.e, Tc.1 satelli.e shi.ted from northern plasma sheet to the northern lobe/mantle regi.n, although i. kept i.ward flyi.g duri.g the i.terval 06:00―07:30UT. The shi.t of Tc.1 from the plasma sheet to the lobe/mantle i. c.used by the si.ultaneous i.ward di.plac.ments of the plasma sheet and near-Earth lobe/mantle regi.n, and thei. i.ward movement veloc.0}y i. larger than the i.ward moti.n veloc.0}y of Tc.1. The joi.t i.ward di.-plac.ments of the magnetopause, the lobe/mantle regi.n and the plasma sheet i.di.ate that the whole magnetosphere shri.ks i.ward due to the magnetospheri. c.mpressi.n by the hi.h-speed solar wi.d stream, and the magnetospheri. i.ns are attac.ed to the magneti. fi.ld li.es (i.e. ‘frozen’ i. magneti. fi.ld) and move i.ward i. the shri.ki.g proc.ss of magnetosphere. The large shri.kage of magne-tosphere i.di.ates that the near-Earth magnetotai. c.mpressi.n c.used by the strong solar wi.d dynami. pressure i. muc. larger than i.s thi.keni.g c.used by the southward c.mponent of the i.F, and the loc.ti.ns of magnetospheri. regi.ns wi.h di.ferent plasmas vary remarkably wi.h the vari.ti.n of the solar wi.d dynami. pressure.

关键词： solar wi.d dynami. pressure shri.kage of magnetosphere storm sudden c.mmenc.ment substorm

Preli.i.ary notes on brai. wei.ht vari.ti.n ac.oss labri. fi.h spec.0}s wi.h di.ferent levels of c.operati.e behavi.ur

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c.rrent Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 274-280页

作者： Marta c. SOARES Gonc.lo i. ANDRE Jose R. PAULA c.0}i. Centro de Investiga~ao em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen6ticos Universidade do Porto Campus AgrS.rio de Vairao4485-661 Vair~o Portugal

Brai. si.e and wei.ht vary tremendously i. the ani.al ki.gdom. i. has been suggested that brai. struc.ural develop- ment must evolve balanc.d between the advantages of deali.g wi.h greater soc.0}l c.allenges mad the energeti. c.sts of mai.tai.- i.g and developi.g larger brai.s. Here we ask i. i.terspec.0}i. di.ferenc.s i. c.operati.e behavi.ur （i.e. c.eani.g behavi.ur） are related to brai. wei.ht vari.ti.ns i. four c.ose-related spec.0}s of Labri. fi.h： two are obli.atory c.eanerfi.h throughout thei. en- ti.e li.e （Labroi.es di.i.i.tus and L. bi.olor）, one fac.ltati.e c.eaner fi.h Labropsi. australi. and one last spec.0}s that never en- gage i. c.eani.g Labri.hthys uni.i.eatus. We fi.st searc. for the li.k between the rate of spec.0}s＇ c.operati.n and i.s relati.e brai. wei.ht, and fi.ally, i. the degree of soc.0}l c.mplexi.y and c.operati.n are reflec.ed i. the wei.ht of i.s major brai. sub- struc.ures. Overall, no di.ferenc.s were found i. relati.e brai. wei.ht （i. relati.n to body wei.ht） ac.oss spec.0}s. Fi.e-sc.le di.- ferenc.s were solely demonstrated for the fac.ltati.e c.eaner L. australi., at the brai.stem level. Furthermore, data vi.ual exami. nati.n i.di.ates that the average c.rebellum and brai.stem wei.hts appear to be larger for L. di.i.i.tus. Bec.use vari.ti.n was solely found at spec.0}i. brai. areas （suc. as c.rebellum and brai.stem） and not for the whole brai. wei.ht values, i. suggests that spec.0}s soc.0}l-ec.logi.al and c.gni.i.e demands may be di.ec.ly c.ntri.uti.g to a selec.i.e i.vestment i. relevant brai. areas. Thi. study provi.es fi.st preli.i.ary evi.enc. that li.ks potenti.l di.ferenc.s i. c.gni.i.e abi.i.y i. c.operati.e behavi.ur to how these may medi.te the evoluti.n of brai. struc.ural development i. non-mammal vertebrate groups .

关键词： Brai. wei.ht Body wei.ht Mac.o-area wei.ht Labri.ae c.operati.n c.eani.g behavi.ur

Unsteady flow and heat transfer of porous medi. sandwi.hed between vi.c.us flui.s

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Appli.d Mathemati.s and Mec.ani.s(Engli.h Edi.i.n) 2010年第12期31卷 1497-1516页

作者： J. c. UMAVATHi.i. c. Li. J. PRATHAP-KUMAR D. SHAi.-MEERA Department of Mathemati.s Gulbarga University Gulbarga 585106 Karnaktaka India Department of c.0}i. Engi.eeri.g National Chi Nan University University Road Puli Nantou Hsien 54561 Taiwan China

The problem of unsteady osc.0}latory flow and heat transfer of porous medi. sandwi.hed between vi.c.us flui.s has been c.nsi.ered through a hori.ontal c.annel wi.h i.othermal wall temperatures. The flow i. the porous medi.m i. modeled usi.g the Bri.kman equati.n. The governi.g parti.l di.ferenti.l equati.ns are transformed to ordi.ary di.ferenti.l equati.ns by c.llec.i.g the non-peri.di. and peri.di. terms. c.osed-form soluti.ns for eac. regi.n are found after applyi.g the boundary and i.terfac. c.ndi.i.ns. The i.fluenc. of physi.al parameters, suc. as the porous parameter, the frequenc. parameter, the peri.di. frequenc. parameter, the vi.c.si.y rati.s, the c.nduc.i.i.y rati.s, and the Prandtl number, on the veloc.0}y and temperature fi.lds i. c.mputed numeri.ally and presented graphi.ally. i. addi.i.n, the numeri.al values of the Nusselt number at the top and bottom walls are deri.ed and tabulated.

关键词： unsteady porous medi.m i.mi.c.0}le flui. hori.ontal c.annel analyti.alsoluti.n