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Po.ycycli. Aro.ati. Hydro.arbo.s i. Water: A Revi.w o. the So.rces, Pro.erti.s, Expo.ure Pathways, Bi.netwo.k and Strategi.s fo. Remedi.ti.n

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Jo.rnal o. Geo.ci.nce and Envi.o.ment Pro.ecti.n 2022年第8期10卷 137-144页

作者： i. o. alaekwe o. Abba Department o. Chemi.try Federal University Gusau Zamfara State Gusau Zamfara State Department o. Mi.ro.i.lo.y Federal University Gusau Zamfara State Gusau Zamfara State

Po.ycycli. aro.ati. hydro.arbo.s (PAHs) are by-pro.ucts ari.i.g fro. i.co.plete co.busti.n. These o.gani. chemi.als substances are fo.nd almo.t everywhere and po.e a ri.k to.human health because o. thei. po.enti.lly hazardo.s nature and bi.avai.abi.i.y i. the envi.o.ment as determi.ed by several regulato.y agenci.s such as US Envi.o.mental Pro.ecti.n Agency (US-EPA), US Department o. Health and Human Servi.es (DHHS), i.ternati.nal Agency fo. Research o. Cancer (i.RC) and the Nati.nal Agency fo. Fo.d and Drug Admi.i.trati.n and Co.tro. (NAFDAC). The paper i. ai.ed at studyi.g po.ycycli. aro.ati. hydro.arbo.s i. water. The po.si.le so.rces, chemi.try, ri.k and remedi.ti.n strategi.s fo. po.ycycli. aro.ati. hydro.arbo.s i. water have been co.si.ered. Studi.s have sho.n that expo.ure to.PAHs at levels abo.e the maxi.um co.tami.ant level fo. relati.ely sho.t peri.ds wi.l cause damage to.the red blo.d cells leadi.g to.anaemi.;suppressed i.mune system. Lo.g-term expo.ure to.Benzo.a)pyrene at levels abo.e the maxi.um co.tami.ant level has the po.enti.l to.cause develo.mental and repro.ucti.e defects as well as cancer. US-EPA, i.RC and DHHS has sets a maxi.um co.tami.ant level (MCL) fo. benzo.a)pyrene, the mo.t carci.o.eni. PAH, at 0.0002 mg/L, 0.0001 mg/L fo. benz(a)anthracene, 0.0002 mg/L fo. benzo.b)fluo.anthene, benzo.k)fluo.anthene, and chrysene. 0.0003 mg/L and 0.0004 mg/L have been set fo. di.enz(a,h)anthracene and i.deno.(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene respecti.ely. Sustai.ed barn o. smo.i.g i. publi. places and burni.g o. wo.d, use o. co.cretes i. ro.d co.structi.n as agai.st the tradi.i.nal surfaci.g o. ro.ds usi.g co.l tar as well as cars runni.g o. co.pressed natural gas (CNG) o. li.uefi.d petro.eum gas (LPG) can fo.m part o. the preventi.e strategi.s.

关键词： Aro.ati. Hydro.arbo. Bi.netwo.k Remedi.ti.n Co.pressed Natural Gas Envi.o.mental Pro.ecti.n

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Evaluati.n o. Phyto.hemi.al Co.tents and Anti.i.ro.i.l Acti.i.i.s o. Pandi.ka heudelo.i.

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Advances i. Bi.lo.i.al Chemi.try 2024年第2期14卷 55-63页

作者： i.enna o.i.ra alaekwe Uche Euni.e Ekpuno.i.Vi.cent i.hmel Egbulefu Aji.e Chi.edu Chri. Aguo.a Jami.u Ahmad Department o. Chemi.try Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department o. Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Awka Nigeria

The wo.k i.vesti.ated the seco.dary metabo.i.es present i. di.ferent parts o. the Pandi.ka heudelo.i. plant harvested fro. Ezi.a, o.umba so.th lo.al go.ernment area o. Anambra state, so.theastern Ni.eri. as well as thei. anti.i.ro.i.l acti.i.y. The o.jecti.es were to.extract, determi.e the phyto.hemi.als present, evaluate the anti.i.ro.i.l po.enti.l and determi.e the zo.es o. i.hi.i.i.n o. the ro.t, stem and leaf extracts o. the plant. The emergence o. anti.i.ti.s has decreased the spread and severi.y o. a wi.e range o. di.eases. Plant extracts were tested fo. anti.acteri.l and anti.ungal acti.i.i.s agai.st Staphylo.o.cus aureus, Escheri.hi. co.i. Pro.eus vulgari., Strepto.o.cus pyo.enes, Baci.lus subteli., Pseudo.o.as aero.enes, Salmo.ella typhi. Aspergi.lus flavus, Aspergi.lus ni.er and Candi.a albi.ans. The zo.e o. i.hi.i.i.n o. extracts was co.pared wi.h that o. standard drugs li.e Erythro.yci., Ci.ro.lo.aci., Fulci. and Fluco.azo.e. The result revealed the i.hi.i.i.n o. bacteri.l and fungal gro.th wi.h so.e test o.gani.ms. The mi.ro.i.l acti.i.y o. the plant parts may be due to.the presence o. vari.us seco.dary metabo.i.es. The ethyl acetate extracts o. Pandi.ka heudelo.i. sto.d o.t wi.h a mi.i.um i.hi.i.o.y co.centrati.n (Mi.) range o. 5 - 10 mg/mL and a mi.i.um bacteri.i.al co.centrati.n (MBC)/mi.i.um fungi.i.al co.centrati.n (MFC) o. 10 - 20 mg/ml agai.st so.e test o.gani.ms. The plant can thus be wo.ked upo. to.di.co.er bi.lo.i.ally acti.e natural pro.ucts that may serve as a prelude to.the develo.ment o. new pharmaceuti.al research undertaki.gs.

关键词： Pharmaceuti.als Seco.dary Metabo.i.es Anti.i.ti.s Pandi.ka heudelo.i. Bacteri.

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Revi.w o. Dye-Sensi.i.ed So.ar Cell (DSSCs) Develo.ment

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Natural Sci.nce 2021年第12期13卷 496-509页

作者： o.o.e i.echukwu Franci. alaekwe i.enna Department o. Physi.s Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department o. Chemi.try Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria

Energy co.sumpti.n i. i.creasi.g yearly all o.er the wo.ld due to.the i.crease i. po.ulati.n and demand o. energy. The wo.ld largely depends o. a hydro.lectri. energy supply, thermal electri. energy supply whi.h i. all no.-renewable energy reso.rces. Nevertheless, no.-renewable energy reso.rces are rapi.ly decreasi.g per year due to.i.creasi.g rate o. energy co.sumpti.n. The quest fo. the di.co.ery o. ano.her abundant reso.rce o. energy has attracted many sci.nti.ts i.to.develo.ment o. renewable energy techno.o.i.s li.e pho.o.o.tai. energy whi.h are the techno.o.y that co.vert so.ar radi.ti.n i.to.electri.i.y. Fo. the past several years, di.ferent pho.o.o.tai. devi.es li.e i.o.gani., o.gani., and hybri. so.ar cells have been i.vented usi.g di.ferent metho.s fo. di.ferent appli.ati.n purpo.es. Mo.eo.er, hi.h co.versi.n effi.i.ncy o. si.i.o. so.ar cells, the hi.h co.t o. mo.ule and co.pli.ated pro.ucti.n pro.esses i.vo.ved i. the pro.ucti.n restri.ted co.merci.li.ati.n o. pho.o.o.tai. so.ar cells as a means o. electri.i.y supply. Amo.g all o.gani. so.ar cells, Dye-Sensi.i.ed So.ar Cells (DSSCs) are the mo.t effi.i.nt, lo. co.t and easi.y i.plemented techno.o.y. Thi. revi.w paper fo.uses o. clari.yi.g the techno.o.i.al meani.g o. the structure o. DSSCs, Vari.us types o. DSSCs materi.ls, wo.ki.g electro.e and wo.ki.g mechani.m o. DSSC, transparent and co.ducti.e substrate, nano.rystalli.e semi.o.ducto. fi.m electro.e, pho.o.ensi.i.i.er (dye), electro.yte, carbo. layer electro.e, zi.c o.i.e (Zno. layer, zi.co.i.m di.xi.e (Zro.) layer, benefi.s o. DSSCs and appli.ati.n, the effi.i.ncy and challenges fo. research and develo.ment o. DSSCs to.upgrade the current effi.i.ncy.

关键词： So.ar Radi.ti.n Co.versi.n Effi.i.ncy Wo.ki.g Electro.e Nano.rystalli.e Pho.o.ensi.i.i.er Zi.co.i.m Di.xi.e (Zro.)

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Phyto.hemi.al Screeni.g and Chro.ato.raphi. Puri.i.ati.n o. Bauhuni. semi.i.i.a Ro.B Hexane-Di.hlo.o.ethane Leaf Extract

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Jo.rnal o. Materi.ls Sci.nce and Chemi.al Engi.eeri.g 2023年第7期11卷 14-19页

作者： i.enna o.i.ra alaekwe Vi.cent i.hmel Egbulefu Aji.e Chi.edu Chri. Aguo.a Department o. Chemi.try Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria Department o. Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Bauhuni. semi.i.i.a i. amo.g the several plants that have been studi.d fo. thei. medi.i.al pro.erti.s. Bauhuni. i. nati.e to.i.di.. Ho.ever, so.e speci.s have been fo.nd i. Afri.a. i. has several i.po.tant uses, such as anti.bacteri.l, anti.i.flammato.y and anti.cancero.s. Thi. study i. ai.ed pri.ari.y at carryi.g o.t a preli.i.ary phyto.hemi.al screeni.g to.ascertai. the classes o. bi.acti.e co.po.nds present i. Bauhuni. semi.i.i.a and ascertai. the so.vent system(s) fo. thei. separati.n. Several so.vents were used fo. the extracti.n as well as i. the chro.ato.raphi. pro.i.i.g o. all the pro.ucts o. extracti.n. Thi. layer chro.ato.raphy was perfo.med o. si.i.a gel-co.ted glass plates usi.g several mo.i.e phase pro.o.o.s (Hexane: Ethylacetate, Di.hlo.o.ethane (DCM): Methano.). Further puri.i.ati.n o. the extracts was do.e usi.g classi.al co.umn (CcSi.2) and gel fi.trati.n chro.ato.raphy. TLC pro.i.i.g o. DCM and Hexane extracts sho.s the same Rf values o. less than 1 and are thus co.bi.ed to.gi.e the Hexane/DCM extract, whi.h gave two.co.po.nds fo.lo.i.g i.o.rati. eluti.n fro. co.umn chro.ato.raphy. Phyto.hemi.al screeni.g o. the extract sho.ed the presence o. Tanni.s, Cardi.c glyco.i.es, Alkalo.0}s, Flavo.o.0}s and Pheno.i. co.po.nds. Hexane/DCM extract thus co.tai.s phyto.o.po.nds whi.h can further be studi.d.

关键词： Bauhi.i. semi.i.i.a Phyto.hemi.al Screeni.g Herbs Medi.i.al Plants Chro.ato.raphy

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A Co.parati.e Study o. Transesteri.i.ati.n o. Hydno.apus wei.hti.na Seed o.0} Usi.g Calci.ed and Aci. Acti.ated Natural Hetero.eneo.s Catalyst and i.s Ki.eti. Study

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Ameri.an Jo.rnal o. Analyti.al Chemi.try 2023年第4期14卷 202-227页

作者： Aguo.a Chi.edu Chri. Aji.e Vi.cent i.hmael Egbulefu o.o.e Patri.e-Antho.y Chudi.i.e o.o.mena Chri.ti.n alaekwe i.enna o.i.ra Department o. Pure and i.dustri.l Chemi.try Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department o. i.dustri.l Chemi.try Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria Department o. Chemi.try Federal University Gusau Gusau Nigeria

The wo.ld’s to.al fo.si. fuel co.sumpti.n has been si.ni.i.antly i.creasi.g wi.h co.sequenti.l i.creased envi.o.mental catastro.hes. A hunt fo. an alternate energy so.rce was sti.ulated. Bi.fuel i. a plausi.le o.ti.n i. thi. pursui. due to.i.s i.eal quali.i.s whi.h i.cluded but are no. li.i.ed to.renewabi.i.y and envi.o.mental fri.ndli.ess. Ho.ever, the pump pri.e o. bi.di.sel i. sti.l very hi.h due mai.ly to.the hi.h co.t o. the pro.ucti.n o. the co.mo.i.y whi.h i. i.fluenced by the feedsto.k and the ho.o.eneo.s nature o. catalyst used. Hetero.eneo.s catalyst was prepared by usi.g Pi.a glo.o.a sea snai. shells prepared by calci.ati.n (CP8) and by aci. acti.ati.n (PTW1M). Hydno.apus wei.hti.na seed o.0} (No.-edi.le feedsto.k) was extracted usi.g the so.hlet extracti.n metho. and was used fo. bi.fuel pro.ucti.n wi.h a methano. o.0} rati. o. 3:1. Agi.ati.n speed 800, 600 rmp, reacti.n temperatures o. 70°C, 60°C, catalyst co.centrati.n (3.00, 2.00 wt%) and reacti.n ti.e (70 and 60 mi.) was mai.tai.ed fo. CP8 and PTW1M respecti.ely. The rate o. the reacti.n fo.lo.ed a reversi.le seco.d-o.der reacti.n rate. Re-usabi.i.y accessed. Fro. TGA analysi., the best calci.ati.n temperature was 800°C. SEM results sho.ed i.pro.ed surface mo.pho.o.y after calci.ati.n, especi.lly fo. CP8. FTi. analysi. sho.ed the eli.i.ati.n o. vo.ati.es and fo.mati.n o. Cao.and Cao.sub>4Te after calci.ati.n. The reacti.n rate co.stant at di.ferent temperatures was 0.0287 at 30°C, 0.1200 at 50°C and 0.1142 at 70°C and acti.ati.n energy o. the ethyl ester was 49.49 KJ/mo.. Usi.g CP8. Mo.t o. the fuel pro.erti.s met wi.h ASTM 6751 standard. The result o. the re-usabi.i.y sho.ed that the bi.di.sel yi.ld decli.ed as fo.lo.s: 92, 86, 80, 73 and 69 % fo. CP8 and 85, 84, 81, 76, 65. Fo. PTW1M. After the fi.th regenerati.n cycle, bo.h CP8 and PTW1M samples o. Pi.a glo.o.a sea snai. shell catalyst pro.ed effecti.e i. transesteri.i.ati.n reacti.n o. Hydno.apus wei.hti.na seed o.0} usi.g ethano.. i. was o.se

关键词： Bi.-Fuel Hydno.apus wei.hti.na Calci.ed/Aci.-Acti.ated Pi.a glo.o.a Seed-o.0}

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