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Understandi.g the Theory of Karp, Mi.ler and Wi.ograd

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Journal of Appli.d Mathemati.s and Physi.s 2024年第4期12卷 1203-1236页

作者： Athanasi.s i. Margari. Department of Di.i.al Systems Gaiopolis Campus University of Thessaly Larissa Greece

The objecti.e of thi. tutori.l i. to present the fundamental theory of Karp, Mi.ler and Wi.ograd, whose semi.al paper lai. the foundati.ns regardi.g the systemati. descri.ti.n of the organi.ati.n of computati.ns i. systems of uni.orm recurrent equati.ns by means of graph structures, vi. the defi.i.i.n of computabi.i.y condi.i.ns and techni.ues for the constructi.n of one-di.ensi.nal and multi.di.ensi.nal scheduli.g functi.ns. Besi.es the descri.ti.n of thi. theory, the paper presents i.provements and revi.i.ns made by other authors and furthermore, poi.ts out the di.ferences regardi.g the condi.i.ns of causali.y and dependency between the general case of systems of recurrent equati.ns and the speci.l case of multi.le nested loops.

关键词： Computabi.i.y Scheduli.g Computati.ns Recurrent Equati.ns

Evoluti.n of Vi.al Load i. Pati.nts i.fected wi.h Hi.-1 at Poi.t G Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al

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Open Journal of Medi.al Mi.robi.logy 2024年第1期14卷 66-76页

作者： A. Mai.a D. Kone D. M. Couli.aly Ag M. Barai.a A. Traore S. S. Di.ki.e i. i. Mai.a i. Konate A. i. Mai.a Faculty of Medi.i.e and Odontostomatology of Bamako (FMOS) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of Medi.al Bi.logy and Hospi.al Hygi.ne of Poi.t-G Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy of Bamako (FaPh) University of Science of Technical and Technology De Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Luxembourg Mother-Chi.d Hospi.al Bamako Mali Nati.nal i.sti.ute of Publi. Health Bamako Mali Nati.nal i.sti.ute for Trai.i.g i. Health Sci.nces Bamako Mali Laboratory of the Kati.Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al Center Bamako Mali i.fecti.us and Tropi.al Di.eases Department of Poi.t-G Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al Bamako Mali Laboratory of CHU Gabri.l Touré Bamako Mali

i.troducti.n: Hi., the human i.munodefi.i.ncy vi.us, i. the eti.logi.al agent of acqui.ed i.munodefi.i.ncy syndrome (Ai.S). The ai. of thi. study was to assess the evoluti.n of the vi.al load i. pati.nts under treatment. Methodology: Thi. was a study carri.d out from July 2017 to June 2022 at the Poi.t G Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al laboratory. The determi.ati.n of the vi.al load of pati.nts was carri.d out by PCR on the ABOTT M2000sp/rt platform. Results: A total of 129 pati.nts i.fected wi.h Hi.-1, aged 19 to 72 years wi.h a mean age of 40.05 years ± 10.71;all on anti.etrovi.al chemotherapy. The female gender predomi.ated among our pati.nts. The most common treatment regi.en was 2i.Ti.+ 1i.NTi.wi.h 72.9% followed by 2i.Ti.+ 1i.i.wi.h 13.2%. As for the combi.ati.ns of molecules, the combi.ati.n TDF + 3TC + EFV and TDF + 3TC + DTG predomi.ated, respecti.ely 65.1% and 13.2%. 89.9% of our pati.nts had undetectable vi.emi. after 12 months of treatment (p i.h an average vi.al load whi.h had evolved from 681315.65 copi.s/ml ± 1616908.484 to M0 at 5742.36 copi.s /ml ± 35756.883 at M12 (p Conclusi.n: Generally speaki.g, anti.etrovi.al treatment had contri.uted to controlli.g vi.al loads, however the therapeuti. combi.ati.n TDF + 3TC + DTG had made i. possi.le to obtai. more pati.nts wi.h undetectable vi.emi. i.stead.

关键词： Hi.-1 Treatment Vi.al Load Poi.t G Uni.ersi.y Hospi.al

Change i. Grai.-Si.e Composi.i.n of Li.ni.e under Cycli. Freezi.g-Thawi.g and Wetti.g-Dryi.g

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Natural Resources 2024年第1期15卷 17-27页

作者： Natali. S. Batugi.a Vladi.lav i. Fedorov Chersky i.sti.ute of Mi.i.g of the North Si.eri.n Branch Russi.n Academy of Sci.nces Yakutsk Russia

The paper presents the change i. grai.-si.e composi.i.n of li.ni.e under cycli. freezi.g-thawi.g (FTC) and wetti.g-dryi.g (WDC). The arti.le shows that i. the spri.g and autumn peri.ds the li.ni.es can be subjected to repeated freezi.g-thawi.g and wetti.g-dryi.g, whi.h determi.es the possi.i.i.y of changi.g thei. grai.-si.e composi.i.n and structure. Experi.ental studi.s i. laboratory condi.i.ns on the i.fluence of cycli. freezi.g-thawi.g (FTC) and wetti.g-dryi.g (WDC) on the quali.y i.di.ators of li.ni.es have been carri.d out, thei. granulometri. (fracti.nal) composi.i.n has been studi.d. Freezi.g-thawi.g cycle condi.i.ns are as follows (FTC): mi.i.um exposure temperature: -20°C;maxi.um: +5°C;relati.e humi.i.y: 30%;number of processi.g cycles: 3. Wetti.g-dryi.g cycles are as follows (WDC): dryi.g temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80°C, dryi.g ti.e 90 mi.utes, the coals are further subjected to rai. (soaki.g) for a peri.d of water saturati.n to humi.i.y of 30% - 40% and dry agai.. The number of wetti.g-dryi.g cycles i. 3 ti.es. The tests have revealed the destructi.e effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphi. grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much hi.her yi.ld of fi.e si.es (-6+0;-13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, i. i. found that the i.crease i. the yi.ld of fi.es depends on the heati.g temperature: coal di.i.tegrati.n proceeds more i.tensi.ely at a hi.her temperature of dryi.g.

关键词： Li.ni.e Freezi.g-Thawi.g Cycle Wetti.g-Dryi.g Cycle Grai. Si.e Composi.i.n Dust Coal Storage Loss Quali.y

A Di.ensi.nal Reducti.n Approach Based on Essenti.l Constrai.ts i. Li.ear Programmi.g

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Ameri.an Journal of Operati.ns Research 2024年第1期14卷 1-31页

作者： Ei.i.i.i. Ni.olopoulou George S. Androulaki. Department of Mathemati.s University of Patras Patras Greece Department of Busi.ess Admi.i.trati.n University of Patras Patras Greece

Thi. paper presents a new di.ensi.n reducti.n strategy for medi.m and large-scale li.ear programmi.g problems. The proposed method uses a subset of the ori.i.al constrai.ts and combi.es two algori.hms: the wei.hted average and the cosi.e si.plex algori.hm. The fi.st approach i.enti.i.s bi.di.g constrai.ts by usi.g the wei.hted average of each constrai.t, whereas the second algori.hm i. based on the cosi.e si.i.ari.y between the vector of the objecti.e functi.n and the constrai.ts. These two approaches are complementary, and when used together, they locate the essenti.l subset of i.i.i.l constrai.ts requi.ed for solvi.g medi.m and large-scale li.ear programmi.g problems. After reduci.g the di.ensi.n of the li.ear programmi.g problem usi.g the subset of the essenti.l constrai.ts, the soluti.n method can be chosen from any sui.able method for li.ear programmi.g. The proposed approach was appli.d to a set of well-known benchmarks as well as more than 2000 random medi.m and large-scale li.ear programmi.g problems. The results are promi.i.g, i.di.ati.g that the new approach contri.utes to the reducti.n of both the si.e of the problems and the total number of i.erati.ns requi.ed. A tree-based classi.i.ati.n model also confi.med the need for combi.i.g the two approaches. A detai.ed numeri.al example, the general numeri.al results, and the stati.ti.al analysi. for the deci.i.n tree procedure are presented.

关键词： Li.ear Programmi.g Bi.di.g Constrai.ts Di.ensi.n Reducti.n Cosi.e Si.i.ari.y Deci.i.n Analysi. Deci.i.n Trees

A Radi.l Basi. Functi.n Method wi.h i.proved Accuracy for Fourth Order Boundary Value Problems

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Journal of Appli.d Mathemati.s and Physi.s 2024年第7期12卷 2559-2573页

作者： Scott A. Sarra Derek Musgrave Marcus Stone Joseph i. Powell Department of Mathemati.s Marshall University Huntington WV USA

Accurately approxi.ati.g hi.her order deri.ati.es i. an i.herently di.fi.ult problem. i. i. shown that a random vari.ble shape parameter strategy can i.prove the accuracy of approxi.ati.g hi.her order deri.ati.es wi.h Radi.l Basi. Functi.n methods. The method i. used to solve fourth order boundary value problems. The use and locati.n of ghost poi.ts are exami.ed i. order to enforce the extra boundary condi.i.ns that are necessary to make a fourth-order problem well posed. The use of ghost poi.ts versus solvi.g an overdetermi.ed li.ear system vi. least squares i. studi.d. For a general fourth-order boundary value problem, the recommended approach i. to ei.her use one of two novel sets of ghost centers i.troduced here or else to use a least squares approach. When usi.g ei.her ghost centers or least squares, the random vari.ble shape parameter strategy results i. si.ni.i.antly better accuracy than when a constant shape parameter i. used.

关键词： Numeri.al Parti.l Di.ferenti.l Equati.ns Boundary Value Problems Radi.l Basi. Functi.n Methods Ghost Poi.ts Vari.ble Shape Parameter Least Squares

Adverse events related to physi.al restrai.t use i. i.tensi.e care uni.s: A revi.w of the li.erature

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Journal of i.tensi.e Medi.i.e 2024年第3期4卷 318-325页

作者： Sebasti.n Berger Pascale Grzonka Si.on A.Amacher Sabi.a Hunzi.er Anja i.Frei.Raoul Sutter Cli.i. for i.tensi.e Care Department of Acute MedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland Medi.al Communi.ati.n and Psychosomati. Medi.i.e University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland Medi.al faculty University of BaselBaselSwitzerland Department of Cli.i.al Research University of BaselBaselSwitzerland

Physi.al restrai.ts are wi.ely used and accepted as protecti.e measures duri.g treatment i. i.tensi.e care uni. (i.U). Thi. revi.w of the li.erature summari.es the adverse events and outcomes associ.ted wi.h physi.al restrai.t use, and the ri.k factors associ.ted wi.h thei. use duri.g treatment i. the i.U. The PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were screened usi.g predefi.ed search terms to i.enti.y studi.s pertai.i.g to adverse events and/or outcomes associ.ted wi.h physi.al restrai.t use, and the factors associ.ted wi.h thei. use i. adult pati.nts admi.ted to the i.U. A total of 24 arti.les (i.cludi.g 6126 pati.nts) that were publi.hed between 2006 and 2022 were i.enti.i.d. The descri.ed adverse events associ.ted wi.h physi.al restrai.t use i.cluded ski. i.juri.s, subsequent deli.i.m, neurofuncti.nal i.pai.ment, and a hi.her rate of post-traumati. stress di.order. Subsequent deli.i.m was the most frequent adverse event to be reported. No alternati.e measures to physi.al restrai.ts were di.cussed, and only one study reported a standardi.ed protocol for thei. use. Although physi.al restrai.t use has been reported to be associ.ted wi.h adverse events (i.cludi.g neurofuncti.nal i.pai.ment) i. the li.erature, the avai.able evi.ence i. li.i.ed. Although causali.y cannot be confi.med, a defi.i.e associ.ti.n appears to exi.t. Our fi.di.gs suggest that i. i. essenti.l to i.prove awareness regardi.g thei. adverse i.pact and opti.i.e approaches for thei. detecti.n, management, and preventi.n usi.g protocols or checkli.ts.

关键词： Physi.al restrai.t i.tensi.e care uni. Deli.i.m Compli.ati.n Adverse event

On Some Properti.s of Graph of Prefi. Code

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Journal of Appli.d Mathemati.s and Physi.s 2024年第4期12卷 1571-1581页

作者： Ni.olai.i. Krai.i.kov Mi.hai. E. Abramyan Bori. F. Melni.ov Faculty of Computati.nal Mathemati.s and Cyberneti.s Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Shenzhen China Department of Algebra and Di.crete Mathemati.s Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don Russian Federation

We i.vesti.ate decomposi.i.n of codes and fi.i.e languages. A pri.e decomposi.i.n i. a decomposi.i.n of a code or languages i.to a concatenati.n of nontri.i.l pri.e codes or languages. A code i. pri.e i. i. cannot be decomposed i.to at least two nontri.i.l codes as the same for the languages. i. the paper, a li.ear ti.e algori.hm i. desi.ned, whi.h fi.ds the pri.e decomposi.i.n. i. codes or fi.i.e languages are presented as gi.en by i.s mi.i.al determi.i.ti. automaton, then from the poi.t of vi.w of abstract algebra and graph theory, thi. automaton has speci.l properti.s. The study was conducted usi.g system for computati.nal Di.crete Algebra GAP. .

关键词： Fi.i.e Languages Mi.i.al Determi.i.ti. Automata Concatenati.n Codes Graph of Automaton Free Algebra

The Ti.i.g of Pri.ary Neurosurgi.al Repai. and Wound-Si.e i.fecti.n i. Chi.dren wi.h Myelomeni.gocele

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第2期14卷 137-148页

作者： Joseph O. Obande Paul T. Bi.rus Eli.abeth i. Obande Di.i.i.n of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria Post-Basi. School of Cri.i.al Care Nursi.g University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Abuja Nigeria

Background: The opti.al ti.e to closure of a newborn wi.h a myelomeni.gocele has been the focus of a number of evaluati.ns. The Ti.i.g of pri.ary surgery has recei.ed si.ni.i.ant attenti.n due to i.s relati.nshi. to repai.-si.e i.fecti.n that can lead to i.creased morbi.i.y and prolonged hospi.al stays. i. i. on thi. basi. that recommendati.ns have uti.i.ed 48 - 72 hours post bi.th as i.eal ti.e of closure. Thi. i. not only prevent i.fecti.n at the si.e but also prevent ventri.uli.i. and neural structure damage. We therefore, hypothesi.ed an i.crease i. wound i.fecti.n rates i. those pati.nts wi.h delays i. myelomeni.gocele repai.. Methods: We retrospecti.ely revi.wed the records of 103 chi.dren wi.h myelomeni.gocele treated between 2016 and 2023. At di.charge the pati.nts were followed up at the post-operati.e cli.i. vi.i. 2 weeks later. Chi.dren were assi.ned to 1 of 2 groups, those who underwent pri.ary neurosurgi.al repai. wi.hi. 72 hours of deli.ery (Group 1) and those undergoi.g repai. after 72 hours (Group 2). We compared the i.fecti.n rates. Results: 103 chi.dren who underwent myelomeni.gocele repai. were i.enti.i.d, wi.h a medi.n ti.e from bi.th to treatment of 1 day. Ei.ht (7.8 %) pati.nts were noted to have post-repai. surgi.al si.e compli.ati.ns. There was no si.ni.i.ant di.ference i. rates of i.fecti.n between Group 1 and Group 2 repai. ti.es. The presence of i.fecti.n was associ.ted i.creased length of stay when compared to neonates wi.hout i.fecti.n. Conclusi.n: i. chi.dren wi.h myelomeni.gocele, the ti.i.g of pri.ary neurosurgi.al repai. appears not to have a si.ni.i.ant i.pact on surgi.al si.e i.fecti.n. Closure of the spi.al lesi.n wi.hi. the fi.st 72 hours of li.e may be more favorable for neural damage preventi.n. These results suggest that early myelomeni.gocele repai. may not i.part si.ni.i.antly on the rate of wound-si.e i.fecti.n.

关键词： Spi.a Bi.i.a Surgi.al Ti.i.g Exci.i.n and Repai. Surgi.al Si.e i.fecti.n Myelomeni.gocele

Modeli.g of Total Di.solved Soli.s (TDS) and Sodi.m Absorpti.n Rati. (SAR) i. the Edwards-Tri.i.y Plateau and Ogallala Aqui.ers i. the Mi.land-Odessa Regi.n Usi.g Random Forest Regressi.n and eXtreme Gradi.nt Boosti.g

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Journal of Geosci.nce and Envi.onment Protecti.n 2024年第5期12卷 218-241页

作者： Azuka i. Udeh Osayamen J. i.arhi.gbe Erepamo J. Omi.ti.i Department of Geosci.nce University of Texas Permian Basin Odessa Texas USA Department of Geology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

Effi.i.nt water quali.y moni.ori.g and ensuri.g the safety of dri.ki.g water by government agenci.s i. areas where the resource i. constantly depleted due to anthropogeni. or natural factors cannot be overemphasi.ed. The above statement holds for West Texas, Mi.land, and Odessa Preci.ely. Two machi.e learni.g regressi.n algori.hms (Random Forest and XGBoost) were employed to develop models for the predi.ti.n of total di.solved soli.s (TDS) and sodi.m absorpti.n rati. (SAR) for effi.i.nt water quali.y moni.ori.g of two vi.al aqui.ers: Edward-Tri.i.y (plateau), and Ogallala aqui.ers. These two aqui.ers have contri.uted i.mensely to provi.i.g water for di.ferent uses rangi.g from domesti., agri.ultural, i.dustri.l, etc. The data was obtai.ed from the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The XGBoost and Random Forest models used i. thi. study gave an accurate predi.ti.n of observed data (TDS and SAR) for both the Edward-Tri.i.y (plateau) and Ogallala aqui.ers wi.h the R2 values consi.tently greater than 0.83. The Random Forest model gave a better predi.ti.n of TDS and SAR concentrati.n wi.h an average R, MAE, RMSE and MSE of 0.977, 0.015, 0.029 and 0.00, respecti.ely. For the XGBoost, an average R, MAE, RMSE, and MSE of 0.953, 0.016, 0.037 and 0.00, respecti.ely, were achi.ved. The overall performance of the models produced was i.pressi.e. From thi. study, we can clearly understand that Random Forest and XGBoost are appropri.te for water quali.y predi.ti.n and moni.ori.g i. an area of hi.h hydrocarbon acti.i.i.s li.e Mi.land and Odessa and West Texas at large.

关键词： Water Quali.y Predi.ti.n Predi.ti.e Modeli.g Aqui.ers Machi.e Learni.g Regressi.n eXtreme Gradi.nt Boosti.g