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Integration of earth-abundant cocatalysts for high-performance photoelectrochemical energy conversion

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 336-355,I0008页

作者： Joonhee Ma Sang hyun Ahn soo Young kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-roDongjak-guSeoul 06974Republic of Korea

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)energy conversion has emerged as a promising and efficient approach to sustainable energy harvesting and storage.By utilizing semiconductor photoelectrodes,PEC devices can harness solar energy and drive electrochemical reactions such as water splitting or carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction to generate clean fuels and value-added chemicals.However,PEC energy conversion faces several challenges such as high overpotential,sluggish reaction kinetics,charge carrier recombination,and stability issues,which limit its practical implementation.Recently,significant research has been conducted to improve the overall conversion efficiency of PEC devices.One particularly promising approach is the use of cocatalysts,which involves introducing specific cocatalysts onto the photoelectrode surface to promote charge separation,improve reaction kinetics,and reduce the overpotential,thereby enhancing the overall performance of PEC energy conversion.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the earth-abundant cocatalysts for PEC water splitting and CO_(2) reduction.The main earth-abundant catalysts for the PEC water splitting include transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMD)-based materials,metal phosphides/carbides,and metal oxides/hydroxides.Meanwhile,PEC-CO_(2)RR was divided into C_(1) and C_(2+)based on the final product since various products could be produced,focusing on diverse earth-abundant materials-based cocatalysts.In addition,we provide and highlight key advancements achieved in the very recent reports on novel PEC system design engineering with cocatalysts.Finally,the current problems associated with PEC systems are discussed along with a suggested direction to overcome these obstacles.

关键词： Solar energy Photo-electrochemical Water splitting CO_(2)reduction Cocatalysts

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Hyperreflective photonic crystals created by shearing colloidal dispersions at ultrahigh volume fraction

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 161-173页

作者： Minji kim Jong Bin kim Shin-hyun kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

Colloidal crystallization serves as one of the most economic and scalable production methods for photonic crystals.However,insufficient optical performance,nonuniformity and low reproducibility remain challenges for advanced high-value applications.In this study,we optimally formulate a photocurable dispersion of silica particles and apply shear flow to unify the orientation of the colloidal crystals,ensuring high optical performance and uniformity.The silica particles experience strong repulsion at ultrahigh volume fractions of 50%but demonstrate low mobility,leading to polycrystalline structures.Applying shear flow to the dispersions allows the silica particles to rearrange into larger crystalline domains with a unidirectional orientation along the flow.This shear-induced structural change produces absolute reflectivity at the stopband as high as 90%and a high transparency of 90%at off-resonant wavelengths with minimal diffusive scattering.Furthermore,the strong interparticle repulsion ensures a uniform volume fraction of particles throughout the dispersion,reducing deviations in the optical properties.We intricately micropattern the photocurable dispersions using photolithography.Additionally,the photonic films and patterns can be stacked to form multiple layers,displaying mixed structural colors and multiple reflectance peaks without sacrificing reflectivity.These superior photonic materials hold promise for various optical applications,including optical components and anticounterfeiting patches.

关键词： properties. dispersion reflectivity

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Evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in 80-t 9CrMoCoB large-scale ingots during electroslag remelting process

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1525-1539页

作者： Shengchao Duan Min Joo Lee Yao Su Wangzhong Mu Dong soo kim Joo hyun Park School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Rep.of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyBrinellvägen 23Stockholm 10044Sweden Department of Engineering Science and Mathematics Division of Materials ScienceLuleåUniversity of Technology97187 LuleåSweden Casting&Forging Business Unit Nuclear Business GroupDoosan EnerbilityChangwon 51711Rep.of Korea

In combination with theoretical calculations,experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution behavior of nonmetallic inclusions(NMIs)during the manufacture of large-scale heat-resistant steel ingots using 9CrMoCoB heat-resistant steel and CaF_(2)–CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–B_(2)O_(3)electroslag remelting(ESR)-type slag in an 80-t industrial ESR furnace.The main types of NMI in the consumable electrode comprised pure alumina,a multiphase oxide consisting of an Al_(2)O_(3)core and liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO shell,and M_(23)C_(6)carbides with an MnS core.The Al_(2)O_(3)and MnS inclusions had higher precipitation temperatures than the M_(23)C_(6)-type carbide under equilibrium and nonequilibrium solidification processes.Therefore,inclusions can act as nucleation sites for carbide layer precipitation.The ESR process completely removed the liquid CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2)–MnO oxide and MnS inclusion with a carbide shell,and only the Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions and Al_(2)O_(3)core with a carbide shell occupied the remelted ingot.The M_(23)C_(6)-type carbides in steel were determined as Cr_(23)C_(6)based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy results.The substitution of Cr with W,Fe,or/and Mo in the Cr_(23)C_(6)lattice caused slight changes in the lattice parameter of the Cr_(23)C_(6)carbide.Therefore,Cr_(21.34)Fe_(1.66)C_(6),(Cr_(19)W_(4)C_(6),Cr_(18.4)Mo_(4.6)C_(6),and Cr_(16)Fe_(5)Mo_(2)C_(6)can match the fraction pattern of Cr_(23)C_(6)carbide.The Al_(2)O_(3)inclusions in the remelted ingot formed due to the reduction of CaO,SiO_(2),and MnO components in the liquid inclusion.The increased Al content in liquid steel or the higher supersaturation degree of Al_(2)O_(3)precipitation in the remelted ingot than that in the electrode can be attributed to the evaporation of CaF_(2)and the increase in CaO content in the ESR-type slag.

关键词： nonmetallic inclusion heat-resistant steel electroslag remelting M_(23)C_(6) carbide MnS inclusion supersaturation degree

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Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 173-210页

作者： Md Entaz Bahar hyun Joon kim Deok Ryong kim Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science Gyeongsang National UniversityCollege of MedicineJinjuSouth Korea Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science Gyeongsang National UniversityCollege of MedicineJinjuSouth Korea

Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors,a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis,chemoresistance,and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration.The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,encompassing the RAS–RAF–MAPK kinase(MEK)–extracellular signal-related kinase(ERK)pathway.RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway,responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets,such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK,which control numerous cellular and physiological processes,including organism development,cell cycle control,cell proliferation and differentiation,cell survival,and death.Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer.RAF inhibitors(RAFi)combined with MEK blockers represent an FDAapproved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers,including melanoma,non-small cell lung carcinoma,and thyroid cancer.However,the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier.Autophagy,an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process,plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer.Thus,targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers.In this review,we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance.Furthermore,we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles.Additionally,this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.

关键词： RAF insight mechanism

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A Cu-Pd alloy catalyst with partial phase separation for the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 8-15,I0001页

作者： Gyeong Ho Han Jung Yong Seo Minji Kang Myung-gi Seo Youngheon Choi soo Young kim Sang hyun Ahn School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Lotte Chemical Institute of Technology Daejeon 34110Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Cu catalysts can convert CO_(2) through an electrochemical reduction reaction into a variety of useful carbon-based products.However,this capability provides an obstacle to increasing the selectivity for a single product.Herein,we report a simple fabrication method for a Cu-Pd alloy catalyst for use in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)-based CO_(2) electrolyzer for the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECRR)with high selectivity for CO production.When the composition of the Cu-Pd alloy catalyst was fabricated at 6:4,the selectivity for CO increased and the production of multi-carbon compounds and hydrogen is suppressed.Introducing a Cu-Pd alloy catalyst with 6:4 ratio as the cathode of the MEAbased CO_(2) electrolyzer showed a CO faradaic efficiency of 92.8%at 2.4 V_(cell).We assumed that these results contributed from the crystal planes on the surface of the Cu-Pd alloy.The phases of the Cu-Pd alloy catalyst were partially separated through annealing to fabricate a catalyst with high selectivity for CO at low voltage and C_(2)H_4 at high voltage.The results of CO-stripping testing confirmed that when Cu partially separates from the lattice of the Cu-Pd alloy,the desorption of~*CO is suppressed,suggesting that C-C coupling reaction is favored.

关键词： Cu-Pd catalyst Electrodeposition Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction Partial phase separation Membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyzer

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Unraveling the role of METTL14 in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease:insights and therapeutic implications

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1781-1783页

作者： So Jung kim Jeongeun hyun Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering(ITREN) Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Dankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center College of DentistryDankook UniversityCheonanRepublic of Korea

The recent article published in Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy sheds light on the significance of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methyltransferase-like protein METTL14 in mitigating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).1 In this study,Wang et al.elucidated the downregulation of METTL14 in hepatocytes from both MAFLD patients and high-fat diet(HFD)-induced MAFLD mouse models,underscoring its pivotal role in maintaining hepatic lipid and redox homeostasis in normal livers.

关键词： liver homeostasis al.

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Intelligent structured nanocomposite adhesive for bioelectronics and soft robots

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 534-549页

作者： Yeon soo Lee Min-Seok kim Da Wan kim Changhyun Pang School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Mechanical Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungbuk 27469Republic of Korea Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea

The remarkable functionality of biological systems in detecting and adapting to various environmental conditions has inspired the design of the latest electronics and robots with advanced features.This review focuses on intelligent bio-inspired strategies for developing soft bioelectronics and robotics that can accommodate nanocomposite adhesives and integrate them into biological surfaces.The underlying principles of the material and structural design of nanocomposite adhesives were investigated for practical applications with excellent functionalities,such as soft skin-attachable health care sensors,highly stretchable adhesive electrodes,switchable adhesion,and untethered soft robotics.In addition,we have discussed recent progress in the development of effective fabrication methods for micro/nanostructures for integration into devices,presenting the current challenges and prospects.

关键词： biomimetics bio-adhesive switchable adhesion bioelectronics nanocomposite soft robotics

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Anode surface engineering of zinc-ion batteries using tellurium nanobelt as a protective layer for enhancing energy storage performance

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 113-123页

作者： soobeom Lee Yeonjin Je Boeun Seok hyun Tae kim Yong-Ryun Jo soong Ju Oh Byoungyong Im Dae Guen kim Sang-soo Chee Geon-Hyoung An Department of Energy System Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Republic of Korea Nano Convergence Materials Center Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology(KICET)Jinju 52851Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea GIST Advanced Insitute of Instrumental Analysis(GAIA) Electron Microscopy LaboratoryGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Center for Advanced Materials and Processing Institute for Advanced EngineeringYongin 17180Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52725Republic of Korea

Over the years,zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology because of their excellent safety,long cycling performance,eco-friendliness,and high-power density.However,issues,such as the corrosion and dissolution of the Zn anode,limited wet-tability,and lack of sufficient nucleation sites for Zn plating,have limited their practical application.The introduction of a protective layer comprising of tellurium(Te)nanobelts onto the surface of Zn anode has emerged as a promising approach to overcome these limitations and improve the electrochemical behav-ior by enhancing the safety and wettability of ZIBs,as well as providing numerous nucleation sites for Zn plating.In the presence of a Te-based protective layer,the energy power density of the surface-engineered Zn anode improved significantly(ranging from 310 to 144 W h kg^(-1),over a power density range of 270 to 1,800 W kg^(-1)),and the lifespan capability was extended.These results demonstrate that the proposed strategy of employing Te nanobelts as a protective layer holds great promise for enhancing the energy storage performance of zIBs,making them even more attractive as a viable energy storage solution forthefuture.

关键词： Zn ion battery Anode Protective layer Tellurium Nanobelt

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Depolarization mitigated in ferroelectric Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)ultrathin films(<5 nm)on Si substrate by interface engineering

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第3期13卷 282-292页

作者： Se hyun kim Younghwan Lee Dong hyun Lee Geun Hyeong Park hyun Woo Jeong Kun Yang Yong Hyeon Cho Young Yong kim Min Hyuk Park Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science&TechnologyPohang 790784Republic of Korea

(Hf,Zr)O_(2)offers considerable potential for next-generation semiconductor devices owing to its nonvolatile spontaneous polarization at the nanoscale.However,scaling this material to sub-5 nm thickness poses several challenges,including the formation of an interfacial layer and high trap concentration.In particular,a low-k SiO_(2)interfacial layer is naturally formed when(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films are directly grown on a Si substrate,leading to high depolarization fields and rapid reduction of the remanent polarization.To address these issues,we conducted a study to significantly improve ferroelectricity and switching endurance of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)films with sub-5 nm thicknesses by inserting a TiO_(2)interfacial layer.The deposition of a Ti film prior to Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film deposition resulted in a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer and prevented the direct contact of Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)with Si.Our findings show that the high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer can reduce the SiO_(2)/Si interface trap density and the depolarization field,resulting in a switchable polarization of 60.2μC/cm^(2)for a 5 nm thick Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film.Therefore,we propose that inserting a high-k TiO_(2)interfacial layer between the Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)film and the Si substrate may offer a promising solution to enhancing the ferroelectricity and reliability of(Hf,Zr)O_(2)grown on the Si substrate and can pave the way for next-generation semiconductor devices with improved performance.

关键词： ferroelectric charge trapping hafnia depolarization

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Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein(RNP)electroporation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 456-462页

作者： Gyeong-Min Gim Kyeong-Hyeon Eom Dong-Hyeok Kwon Dae-Jin Jung Dae-hyun kim Jun-Koo Yi Jae-Jung Ha Ji-hyun Lee Seong-Beom Lee Woo-Jae Son soo-Young Yum Won-Wu Lee Goo Jang Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology Department of Veterinary Clinical ScienceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea LARTBio Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute YeongjuRepublic of Korea Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural fields.However,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestational periods,single pregnancy,and high raising cost.Furthermore,technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)are needed for gene editing in cattle.In this point of view,electroporation in embryos has been risen as an alternative.Results First,editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for embryos.Presence of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 assay.With first combination,mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6%±13.7%and 54.6%±13.5%,respectively.In case of MSTN/BLG,mutation rates were 83.9%±23.6%for MSTN,84.5%±18.0%for BLG.Afterwards,the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep sequencing.Thirteen recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP,4 calves were delivered,and one calf underwent an induction for double KO.Ten surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG,and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both genes.Conclusions These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively applied.Finally,MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.

关键词： Beta-lactoglobulin Cattle CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Knockout MSTN PRNP

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