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Lead chemisorption:Paving the last step for industrial perovskite solar cells

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Nano Research Energy 2024年第1期3卷 5-9页

作者： Pengfei Wu Jin hyuck Heo Fei Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-RoSeongbuk-GuSeoul 17104Republic of Korea

Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have exhibited impressive performance,achieving a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.1%.However,the water-soluble and toxic nature of lead(Pb)in PSCs hinders their industrialization.Pb chemisorption has emerged as a promising approach to address this issue to prevent Pb leakage and ensure long-term stability.This perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in Pb chemisorption in PSCs and discusses the prospects for future developments and challenges in this field.

关键词： perovskite solar cells lead toxicity chemisorption

电沉积Mo和Mo-Co合金纳米线用于互联电阻的电阻率改性

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 127-137页

作者： Jun Hwan Moon Taesoon Kim Youngmin Lee Seunghyun Kim Yanghee Kim Jae-Pyoung Ahn Jungwoo Choi hyuck Mo Lee Young Keun Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and EngineeringDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea Advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Research Resources Division Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea

Achieving historically anticipated improvement in the performance of integrated circuits is challenging,due to the increasing cost and complexity of the required technologies with each new generation.To overcome this limitation,the exploration and development of novel interconnect materials and processes are highly desirable in the microelectronics field.Molybdenum(Mo)is attracting attention as an advanced interconnect material due to its small resistivity size effect and high cohesive energy;however,effective processing methods for such materials have not been widely investigated.Here,we investigate the electrochemical behavior of ions in the confined nanopores that affect the electrical properties and microstructures of nanoscale Mo and Mo-Co alloys prepared via template-assisted electrodeposition.Additives in an electrolyte allow the deposition of extremely pure metal materials,due to their interac-tion with metal ions and nanopores.In this study,boric acid and tetrabutylammonium bisulfate(TBA)were added to an acetate bath to inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction.TBA accelerated the reduction of Mo at the surface by inducing surface conduction on the nanopores.Metallic Mo nanowires with a 130 nm diameter synthesized through high-aspect-ratio nanopore engineering exhibited a resistivity of(63.0±17.9)μΩcm.We also evaluated the resistivities of Mo-Co alloy nanowires at various compo-sitions toward replacing irreducible conventional barrier/liner layers.An intermetallic compound formed at a Mo composition of 28.6 at%,the resistivity of the Mo-Co nanowire was(58.0±10.6)μΩcm,indicat-ing its superior electrical and adhesive properties in comparison with those of conventional barriers such as TaN and TiN.Furthermore,density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function calcula-tions confirmed that the vertical resistance of the via structure constructed from Mo-based materials was 21%lower than that of a conventional Cu/Ta/TaN structure.

关键词： Molybdenum Molybdenum-cobalt Interconnect Microstructure Electrodeposition Density functional theory

Zircon U-Pb ages and O-Hf isotopes of Quaternary trachytes from the East Sea:Implications for the genesis of low-δ^(18)O magmas

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 41-54页

作者： Hyun-Ok Choi Jihye Oh Chang Hwan Kim Soon Young Choi Won hyuck Kim Chan Hong Park Dokdo Research Center East Sea Research InstituteKorea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyUljin 36315Republic of Korea Deep-Sea and Seabed Mineral Resources Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and TechnologyBusan 49111Republic of Korea Division of Science Education Kangwon National University1 Gangwondaehak-gilChuncheon-siGangwon-do 24341Republic of Korea

Quaternary intraplate magmatism formed several volcanic islands and seamounts,including Dokdo(DD),Ulleungdo(UD),Simheungtack(ST),Anyongbok,and Isabu in the southwest of the East Sea back-arc basin.In this study,we present whole-rock geochemical,zircon U–Pb age,and in situ O–Hf isotope data for the submerged volcanic rocks from DD,UD,and ST to provide new insights into the eruption timing of these volcanoes and constrain the magma evolution processes.All samples used in this study were trachytes and exhibited ferroan,alkalic,and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous characteristics.They showed light rare earth element(REE)-enriched patterns with(La/Yb)N ratios of 25.3–31.7 and mostly negative Eu anomalies in a chondrite-normalized REE plot.In addition,they were enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements;they exhibited positive Pb anomalies and strongly negative Ba,Sr,P,and Ti anomalies.The zircons yielded a weighted-mean 206Pb/238U age of 2.61,0.348–0.704,and 2.76–2.94 Ma for the DD,UD,and ST trachytes,respectively.All zircons exhibited lowerδ^(18)O values than normal depleted mantle values,regardless of the crystallization age and spatial distribution of volcanoes.Theδ^(18)O values showed no correlation with U contents or Th/U ratios,indicating that the lowδ^(18)O signatures were of primary magmatic origin.The Hf isotopic compositions of the zircons were relatively heterogeneous but predominately characterized by positive eHf values.Binary O–Hf mixing modeling revealed that low-δ^(18)O rocks with positive eHf values from the UD and ST volcanoes were derived from a hybrid source of recycled juvenile crustal materials with low-δ^(18)O and positive eHf signatures and an enriched mantle source with normalδ^(18)O and negative eHf values.The juvenile oceanic crust in the source was likely metasomatized by seawater at high temperatures prior to melting.In contrast,the felsic magma that formed the DD volcanoes may have assimilated with regional basement rocks(Triassic–Jurassic granitoids),re

关键词： Quaternary intraplate volcanism East Sea Zircon O-Hf isotopes Low-δ^(18)O magma Recycled juvenile oceanic crust

Mixed Cations Enabled Combined Bulk and Interfacial Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 116-127页

作者： Pengfei Wu Shirong Wang Jin hyuck Heo Hongli Liu Xihan Chen Xianggao Li Fei Zhang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) Tianjin 300072People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 17104Republic of Korea SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality Department of Mechanical and Energy EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China

Here,we report a mixed GAI and MAI(MGM)treatment method by forming a 2D alternating-cation-interlayer(ACI)phase(n=2)perovskite layer on the 3D perovskite,modulating the bulk and interfacial defects in the perovskite films simultaneously,leading to the suppressed nonradiative recombination,longer lifetime,higher mobility,and reduced trap density.Consequently,the devices’performance is enhanced to 24.5%and 18.7%for 0.12 and 64 cm^(2),respectively.In addition,the MGM treatment can be applied to a wide range of perovskite compositions,including MA-,FA-,MAFA-,and CsFAMA-based lead halide perovskites,making it a general method for preparing efficient perovskite solar cells.Without encapsulation,the treated devices show improved stabilities.

关键词： Alternating-cation-interlayer Bulk defects Interfacial passivation Perovskite solar cells

Earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard mapping at national-scale in Australia using deep learning techniques

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 118-132页

作者： Ratiranjan Jena Biswajeet Pradhan Mansour Almazroui Mazen Assiri hyuck-Jin Park Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversity of Technology SydneyAustralia Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research Department of MeteorologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Engineering Sejong UniversityChoongmu-gwan209 Neungdong-roGwangjin-guSeoul 05006Korea Earth Observation Centre Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKMBangiSelangorMalaysia

Australia is a relatively stable continental region but not tectonically inert,having geological conditions that are susceptible to liquefaction when subjected to earthquake ground motion.Liquefaction hazard assessment for Australia was conducted because no Australian liquefaction maps that are based on modern Al techniques are currently available.In this study,several conditioning factors including Shear wave velocity(Vs30),clay content,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil thickness,soil pH,distance from river,slope and elevation were considered to estimate the liquefaction potential index(LPI).By considering the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA)technique,peak ground acceleration(PGA)was derived for 50 yrs period(500 and 2500 yrs return period)in Australia.Firstly,liquefaction hazard index(LHI)(effects based on the size and depth of the liquefiable areas)was estimated by considering the LPI along with the 2%and 10%exceedance probability of earthquake hazard.Secondly,ground acceleration data from the Geoscience Australia projecting 2%and 10%exceedance rate of PGA for 50 yrs were used in this study to produce earthquake induced soil liquefaction hazard maps.Thirdly,deep neural net-works(DNNs)were also exerted to estimate liquefaction hazard that can be reported as liquefaction hazard base maps for Australia with an accuracy of 94%and 93%,respectively.As per the results,very-high liquefaction hazard can be observed in Western and Southern Australia including some parts of Victoria.This research is the first ever country-scale study to be considered for soil liquefaction hazard in Australia using geospatial information in association with PSHA and deep learning techniques.This study used an earthquake design magnitude threshold of Mw 6 using the source model characterization.The resulting maps present the earthquake-triggered liquefaction hazard and are intending to establish a conceptual structure to guide more detailed investigations as may be required in the future.The limitations of deep learnin

关键词： Earthquake induced liquefaction PSHA Deep learning GIS Australia

Positive autoantibodies in living liver donors

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1757-1766页

作者： Joyce Loh Koji Hashimoto Choon hyuck David Kwon Masato Fujiki Jamak Modaresi Esfeh Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Digestive Diseases Institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND There is a nationwide shortage of organs available for liver transplantation.Living donors help meet this growing demand.Not uncommonly,donors will have positive autoantibodies.However,it is unclear whether donor positive autoantibodies are correlated with worse outcomes following living liver donor transplantations.AIM To analyze the significance of positive autoantibodies in donors on post-transplant outcomes in recipients.METHODS We performed a retrospective review of living liver donors who had undergone liver transplantation between January 1,2012 and August 31,2021.Demographic characteristics and pre-transplant data including antinuclear antibodies(ANA)and anti-smooth muscle antibody titers were collected in donors.Outcomes of interest were post-transplantation complications including mortality,biliary strictures,biliary leaks,infection,and rejection.Pediatric recipients and donors without measured pre-transplant autoantibody serologies were excluded from this study.RESULTS 172 living donor liver transplantations were performed during the study period,of which 115 patients met inclusion criteria.37(32%)living donors were autoantibody-positive with a median ANA titer of 1:160(range 1:80 to 1:1280)and median anti-SMA titer of 1:40(range 1:20 to 1:160).There were no significant differences in baseline demographics between the autoantibody positive and negative donors.Post-transplantation rates of death(P value=1),infections(P value=0.66),and overall rates of complications(P value=0.52)were similar between the autoantibody positive and negative groups.Higher incidences of anastomotic strictures and rejection were observed in the autoantibody positive group;however,these differences were not statistically significant(P value=0.07 and P value=0.30 respectively).CONCLUSION Isolated pre-transplant autoantibody positivity is not correlated to worse post-transplant outcomes in living liver donor transplants.

关键词： Antinuclear antibodies Anti-smooth muscle antibody Liver transplantation Treatment outcome Transplant donors

Nanocrystalline Iron Pyrophosphate-Regulated Amorphous Phosphate Overlayer for Enhancing Solar Water Oxidation

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 387-400页

作者： Chengkai Xia Yuankai Li Minyeong Je Jaekyum Kim Sung Min Cho Chang hyuck Choi Heechae Choi Tae-Hoon Kim Jung Kyu Kim School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)2066 Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon 16419Republic of Korea Theoretical Materials and Chemistry Group Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstr.650939 CologneGermany Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Engineering Research CenterChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea

A rational regulation of the solar water splitting reaction pathway by adjusting the surface composition and phase structure of catalysts is a substantial approach to ameliorate the sluggish reaction kinetics and improve the energy conversion efficiency.In this study,we demonstrate a nanocrystalline iron pyrophosphate(Fe_(4)(P_(2)O_(7))_(3),FePy)-regulated hybrid overlayer with amorphous iron phosphate(FePO_(4),FePi)on the surface of metal oxide nanostructure with boosted photoelectrochemical(PEC)water oxidation.By manipulating the facile electrochemical surface treatment followed by the phosphating process,nanocrystalline FePy is localized in the FePi amorphous overlayer to form a heterogeneous hybrid structure.The FePy-regulated hybrid overlayer(FePy@FePi)results in significantly enhanced PEC performance with long-term durability.Compared with the homogeneous FePi amorphous overlayer,FePy@FePi can improve the charge transfer efficiency more significantly,from 60% of FePi to 79%of FePy@FePi.Our density-functional theory calculations reveal that the coexistence of FePi and FePy phases on the surface of metal oxide results in much better oxygen evolution reaction kinetics,where the FePi was found to have a typical down-hill reaction for the conversion from OH*to O_(2),while FePy has a low free energy for the formation of OH*.

关键词： Water oxidation Photoelectrochemical cell Metal pyrophosphate Electrochemical surface treatment

Structurally engineered colloidal quantum dot phosphor using TiO_(2) photonic crystal backbone

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2782-2789页

作者： Hansol Lee Tae-Yun Lee Yeonsang Park Kyung-Sang Cho Young-Geun Rho hyuck Choo Heonsu Jeon Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Physics Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Institute of Quantum Systems Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Suwon 16678Republic of Korea Institute of Applied Physics Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

Photonic crystal(PhC)phosphor,in which the phosphor material is periodically modulated for an enhancement in color-conversion efficiency via resonant absorption of excitation photons,is a paradigm-shifting structural phosphor platform.Two-dimensional(2D)square-lattice PhC phosphor is currently considered the most advanced platform because of not only its high efficiency,but also its immunity to excitation polarization.In the present study,two major modifications are made to further improve the performance of the 2D PhC phosphor:increasing the refractive index contrast and planarizing the surface.The index contrast is improved by replacing the PhC backbone material with TiO_(2)whereas the surface planarization is achieved by removing excessive colloidal quantum dots from the surface.In comparison with the reference phosphor,the upgraded PhC phosphor exhibits~59 times enhanced absorption(in simulations)and~7 times enhanced emission(in experiments),both of which are unprecedentedly high.Our results not only brighten the viability and applicability of the PhC phosphor but also spur the phosphor development through structural engineering of phosphor materials.

关键词： immunity phosphor backbone

Biclustering of ARMA time series

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2010年第12期11卷 959-965页

作者： Jeonghwa LEE Chi-hyuck JUN Department of Industrial and Management Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology

Biclustering is a method of grouping objects and attributes simultaneously in order to find multiple hidden patterns.When dealing with a long time series,there is a low possibility of finding meaningful clusters of whole time sequence.However,we may find more significant clusters containing partial time sequence by applying a biclustering method.This paper proposed a new biclustering algorithm for time series data following an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model.We assumed the plaid model but modified the algorithm to incorporate the sequential nature of time series data.The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method was used to estimate coefficients of ARMA in each bicluster.We applied the proposed method to several synthetic data which were generated from different ARMA orders.Results from the experiments showed that the proposed method compares favorably with other biclustering methods for time series data.

关键词： Biclustering Time series Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)