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ESr2–HDA6 complex negatively regulates auxin biosynthesis to delay callus initiation in Arabidopsis leaf explants during tissue culture

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 200-214页

作者： Kyounghee lee Hobin Yoon Ok-Sun Park Jongbu Lim Sang-Gyu Kim Pil Joon Seo Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea research Institute of basic Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Plant Genomics and breeding Institute Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of biological Sciences KAISTDaejeon 34141Korea

Plants exhibit an astonishing ability to regulate organ regeneration upon *** of leaf explants promotes the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),which is polar-transported to excised regions,where cell fate transition leads to root founder cell specification to induce de novo root *** regeneration capacity of plants has been utilized to develop in vitro tissue culture ***,we report that IAA accumulation near the wounded site of leaf explants is essential for callus formation on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)-rich callus-inducing medium(CIM).Notably,a high concentration of 2,4-D does not compensate for the action of IAA because of its limited efflux;rather,it lowers IAA biosynthesis via a negative feedback mechanism at an early stage of in vitro tissue culture,delaying callus *** auxin negative feedback loop in CIM-cultured leaf explants is mediated by an auxin-inducible APETALA2 transcription factor,ENHANCEr OF SHOOT rEGENErATION 2(ESr2),along with its interacting partner HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6(HDA6).The ESr2–HDA6 complex binds directly to,and removes the H3ac mark from,the YUCCA1(YUC1),YUC7,and YUC9 loci,consequently repressing auxin biosynthesis and inhibiting cell fate transition on 2,4-D-rich *** findings indicate that negative feedback regulation of auxin biosynthesis by ESr2 and HDA6 interferes with proper cell fate transition and callus initiation.

关键词： auxin biosynthesis negative feedback loop ESr2 HDA6 YUCCA chromatin modification

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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul b.Wignall David P.G.bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(b.r.al under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Sib.r.an Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Sib.r.an volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(rwhelming evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern b.r.al latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes Marina C.Waiteman Liliam b.Priore Neal r.Glaviano David M.bazett-Jones ronaldo V.briani Fabio M.Azevedo School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and rehabilitation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

background:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology have been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic review aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in individuals with gradual-onset knee ***:Five databases(MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,SPOrTDiscus,and Web of Science)were searched from inception to Septemb.r.*** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between individuals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-level certainty was assessed using the Grading of recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation,and evidence gap maps were ***:Seventy-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SMD=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Individuals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SMD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SMD=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observed in individuals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(SMD=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Evidence gap maps identified insufficient evidence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

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A study on dynamic group signature scheme with threshold traceability for blockchain

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第2期4卷 73-81页

作者： Hyo-jin Song Teahoon Kim Yong-Woon Hwang Daehee Seo Im-Yeong lee Department of Software Convergence Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Data Engineering Sangmyung UniversitySeoul 03016Republic of Korea Department of Computer Software Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan 31538Republic of Korea

blockchain technology provides transparency and reliability by sharing transactions and maintaining the same information through consensus among all ***,single-signature applications in transactions can lead to user identification issues due to the reuse of public *** address this issue,group signatures can be used,where the same group public key is used to verify signatures from group memb.r. to provide anonymity to ***,in dynamic groups where memb.r.hip may change,an attack can occur where a user who has left the group can disguise themselves as a group memb.r.by leaking a partial *** problem cannot be traced back to the partial key *** this paper,we propose assigning different partial keys to group memb.r. to trace partial key leakers and partially alleviate the damage caused by partial key *** schemes have shown that arbitrary tracing issues occurred when a single administrator had exclusive key generation and tracing *** paper proposes a group signature scheme that solves the synchronization problem by involving a threshold numb.r.of TMs while preventing arbitrary tracing by distributing authority among multiple TMs.

关键词： blockchain Group signature Privacy Anonymity Traceability

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Ag-GST/HfO_(x)-based unidirectional threshold switching selector with low leakage current and threshold voltage distribution for high-density cross-point arrays

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rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 280-288页

作者： Kyoung-Joung Yoo Dae-Yun Kang Nahyun Kim Ho-Jin lee Ta-Hyeong Kim Taeho Kim Tae Geun Kim School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

The use of electrochemical-metallization-based volatile threshold switching selectors in cross-point arrays has been widely explored owing to their high on-off ratios and simple ***,these devices are unsuitable for cross-point architectures because of the difficulty in controlling the random filament formation that results in large fluctuations in the threshold voltage during *** this study,we investigated the unidirectional threshold transition characteristics associated with an Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt-based bilayer selector and demonstrated the occurrence of a low leakage current(ribution of the threshold voltage(Δ0.11 V).The bilayer structure could control the filament formation in the intermediate state through the insertion of an HfO_(x) tunneling *** stacking a bilayer selector with NiO_(x)based resistive random-access memory,the leakage and programming currents of the device could be significantly *** the crossb.r.array configuration,we performed equivalent circuit analysis of a one-selector oneresistor(1S1r) devices and estimated the optimal array size to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed *** maximum acceptable crossb.r.array size of the 1S1r device with the Ag/GST/HfO_(x)/Pt/Ti/NiO_(x)/Pt structure was 5.29×10^(14)(N^(2),N=2.3×10^(7)).

关键词： Selector device Tunneling b.r.ier Threshold switching Sputtering 1S1r Cross-point array

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Short-term solar eruptive activity prediction models based on machine learning approaches: A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Xin HUANG Zhongrui ZHAO Yufeng ZHONG Long XU Marianna b.KOrSóS r.ErDéLYI Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University State Key Lab.r.tory of Space Weather National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences beijing Cellular Exploration Science and Technology Center Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Ettore Majorana” Università di Catania Department of Astronomy E?tv?s Loránd University Hungarian Solar Physics Foundation Solar Physics & Space Plasma research Center (SP2rC) School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield

Solar eruptive activities, mainly including solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CME), and solar proton events (SPE),have an important impact on space weather and our technosphere. The short-term solar eruptive activity prediction is an active field of research in the space weather prediction. Numerical, statistical, and machine learning methods are proposed to build prediction models of the solar eruptive activities. With the development of space-based and ground-based facilities, a large amount of observational data of the Sun is accumulated, and data-driven prediction models of solar eruptive activities have made a significant progress. In this review, we briefly introduce the machine learning algorithms applied in solar eruptive activity prediction, summarize the prediction modeling process, overview the progress made in the field of solar eruptive activity prediction model, and look forward to the possible directions in the future.

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Human-artificial intelligence interaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 126-135页

作者： John r Campion Donal b O'Connor Conor Lahiff Department of Gastroenterology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07 AX57Ireland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin D04 C7X2Ireland Department of Surgery Trinity College DublinDublin D02 R590Ireland

The numb.r.and variety of applications of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastr-ointestinal(GI)endoscopy is growing *** technologies based on machine learning(ML)and convolutional neural networks(CNNs)are at various stages of development and deployment to assist patients and endoscopists in preparing for endoscopic procedures,in detection,diagnosis and classification of pathology during endoscopy and in confirmation of key performance *** based on ML and CNNs require regulatory approval as medical *** between humans and the technologies we use are complex and are influenced by design,behavioural and psychological *** to the substantial differences between AI and prior technologies,important differences may be expected in how we interact with advice from AI ***-AI interaction(HAII)may be optimised by developing AI algorithms to minimise false positives and designing platform interfaces to maximise *** factors influencing HAII may include automation bias,alarm fatigue,algorithm aversion,learning effect and *** of these areas merits further study in the specific setting of AI applications in GI endoscopy and professional societies should engage to ensure that sufficient emphasis is placed on human-centred design in development of new AI technologies.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning Human factors Computer-aided detection Colonoscopy Adenoma detection rate

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A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach for Improvised QoE in Video Services over 5G Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3195-3213页

作者： K.b.Ajeyprasaath P.Vetrivelan School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil Nadu600127India

Video streaming applications have grown considerably in recent *** a result,this becomes one of the most significant contributors to global internet *** to recent studies,the telecommunications industry loses millions of dollars due to poor video Quality of Experience(QoE)for *** the standard proposals for standardizing the quality of video streaming over internet service providers(ISPs)is the Mean Opinion Score(MOS).However,the accurate finding of QoE by MOS is subjective and lab.r.ous,and it varies depending on the user.A fully automated data analytics framework is required to reduce the inter-operator variability characteristic in QoE *** work addresses this concern by suggesting a novel hybrid XGbStackQoE analytical model using a two-level layering *** one combines multiple Machine Learning(ML)models via a layer one Hybrid *** ML models at level one are trained using the entire training data *** level two Hybrid XGbStackQoE-Model is fitted using the outputs(meta-features)of the layer one ML *** proposed model outperformed the conventional models,with an accuracy improvement of 4 to 5 percent,which is still higher than the current traditional *** proposed framework could significantly improve video QoE accuracy.

关键词： Hybrid XGbStackQoE-model machine learning MOS performance metrics QoE 5G video services

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rPLP0/TbP are the most stable reference genes for human dental pulp stem cells under osteogenic differentiation

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第6期16卷 656-669页

作者： Daniel b Ferreira Leticia M Gasparoni Cristiane F bronzeri Katiucia b S Paiva Lab.r.tory of Extracellular Matrix biology and Cellular Interaction Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000São PauloBrazil

bACKGrOUND Validation of the reference gene(rG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(rT-qPCr)data ***,in an unreliable way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rrNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitable for such experimental conditions or the reason for choosing such ***,such studies use only one gene when Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative real-Time PCr Experiments guidelines recom-mend two or more *** impacts the credibility of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression *** tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the best experimental or therapeutical *** cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,both for 35 *** evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for rGs[ribosomal protein,large,P0(rPLP0),TATA-binding protein(TbP),GAPDH,actin beta(ACTb),tubulin(TUb),aminolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1a),succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and beta-2-micro-globulin(b2M)]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)by *** data were analysed by the four main algorithms,ΔCt method,geNorm,NormFinder,and bestKeeper and ranked by the refFinder *** subdivided the samples into eight *** All of the data sets from clonogenic and osteogenic samples were analysed using the refFinder *** final ranking showed rPLP0/TbP as the two most stable rGs and TUb/b2M as the two least stable *** theΔCt method or NormFinder analysis showed TbP/rPLP0 as the two most stable ***,geNorm analysis showed rPLP0/EF1αin the first *** algorithms’two least stab

关键词： Dental pulp stem cells reference gene Housekeeping gene Endogenous gene Osteogenic differentiation refFinder

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Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles H.Nelson Udai b.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction rNA-binding *** the largest memb.r.of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its *** this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique memb.r.of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

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