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Phanerozoic oceanic and climatic perturbations in the context of Tethyan evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2791-2806页

作者： Li TIAN Haijun song Yuchu LIU Yuyang WU Daoliang CHU huyue song State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China

Climatic and environmental conditions play a pivotal role in the evolution of the biosphere,serving as the primary natural factors influencing biological evolution and the development of human *** study of the evolution of Earth's habitability primarily revolves around the reconstruction of climatic and oceanic conditions in geohistorical periods,shedding light on their dynamic *** paper collates classic geological indicators and geochemical proxies associated with paleoclimatic and oceanic environmental *** latest“big data”analyses and simulations made possible by the availability of previously unimagined massive datasets reveal several key findings:During the early Paleozoic,atmospheric oxygen levels were low,and widespread oceanic anoxia was prevalent;the Devonian era witnessed a greenhouse climate,followed by the Carboniferous ice age characterized by higher oceanic oxidation levels and *** latest Paleozoic deglaciation occurred under high pCO_(2) conditions,extending into much of the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic,marked by multiple hyperthermal and anoxia expansion events,until the resurgence of global glaciation in the middle-late stages of the Cenozoic,ultimately bringing environmental and climatic conditions closer to modern *** correlating the aforementioned long-term trends with major geological events,we can delineate the co-evolution of paleoclimate and oceanic environments in tandem with the development of Tethys tectonics as follows.(1)During the Proto-Tethys stage,global paleo-elevations were relatively low,and atmospheric oxygen levels were also relatively *** the occurrence of significant tectonic movements that led to noticeable transgressive-regressive cycles,their effects on climate and oceanic environments were somewhat limited due to the relatively weak interactions.(2)The emergence of the Paleo-Tethys was a significant event that coincided with the formation of the supercontinent Panga

关键词： Paleo-temperature Paleo-redox Paleo-pH Tectonic movements Earth's habitability

Seawater Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen over the Past 500 Million Years

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 236-243页

作者： Haijun song Paul B. Wignall huyue song Xu Dai Daoliang Chu State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth SciencesChina University of Geosciences School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds

Ocean temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations are critical factors that control ocean productivity, carbon and nutrient cycles, and marine habitat. However, the evolution of these two factors in the geologic past are still unclear. Here, we use a new oxygen isotope database to establish the sea surface temperature(SST) curve in the past 500 million years. The database is composed of 22 796 oxygen isotope values of phosphatic and calcareous fossils. The result shows two prolonged cooling events happened in the Late Paleozoic and Late Cenozoic, coinciding with two major ice ages indicated by continental glaciation data, and seven global warming events that happened in the Late Cambrian, Silurian–Devonian transition, Late Devonian, Early Triassic, Toarcian, Late Cretaceous, and Paleocene–Eocene transition. The SSTs during these warming periods are about 5–30 °C higher than the present-day level. Oxygen contents of shallow seawater are calculated from temperature, salinity, and atmospheric oxygen. The results show that major dissolved oxygen valleys of surface seawater coincide with global warming events and ocean anoxic events. We propose that the combined effect of temperature and dissolved oxygen account for the long-term evolution of global oceanic redox state during the Phanerozoic.

关键词： sea surface temperature global warming ocean anoxic event dissolved oxygen Phanerozoic

The large increase of δ^(13)C_(carb)-depth gradient and the end-Permian mass extinction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第7期55卷 1101-1109页

作者： song HaiJun TONG JinNan XIONG YanLin SUN DongYing TIAN Li song huyue State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

Carbonate carbon isotope （δ^13Ccarb） has received considerable attention in the Permian-Triassic transition for its rapid negative shift coinciding with the great end-Permian mass extinction event. The mechanism has long been debated for such a c~ δ^13Ccarb negative excursion through the end-Permian crisis and subsequent large perturbations in the entire Early Triassic. A δ^13Ccarb depth gradient is observed at the Permian-Triassic boundary sections of different water-depths, i.e., the Yangou, Meishan, and Shangsi sections, and such a large δ^13Ccarb-depth gradient near the end-Permian mass extinction horizon is believed to result from a stratified Paleotethys Ocean with widespread anoxic/euxinic deep water. The evolution of δ^13Ccarb-depth gradient com- bined with paleontological and geochemical data suggests that abundant cyanobacteria and vigorous biological pump in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian extinction would be the main cause of the large δ^13Ccarb-depth gradient, and the enhanced continental weathering with the mass extinction on land provides a mass amount of nutriment for the flourishing cyanobacteria. Photic zone anoxia/euxinia from the onset of chemocline upward excursion might be the direct cause for the mass extinction whereas the instability of chemocline in the stratified Early Triassic ocean would be the reason for the delayed and involuted biotic recovery.

关键词： Permian-Triassic boundary carbon isotope ocean stratification bioproductivity biological pump mass extinction

Triassic integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第1期62卷 189-222页

作者： Jinnan TONG Daoliang CHU Lei LIANG Wenchao SHU Haijun song Ting song huyue song Yuyang WU State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan

The Triassic rocks are widespread in China, and both marine and terrestrial strata are well developed. The Triassic stratigraphic architecture of China is very complex in both spatial variation of the so-called "South Marine and North Continental", i.e. the southern areas of China occupied mostly by marine facies while the northern China by terrestrial facies during the Triassic Period, and temporal transition of the "Lower Marine and Upper Continental", i.e. the lower part of the Triassic System composed mainly of marine facies and the upper part of terrestrial strata especially in South China. Although the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary is located in South China, the Triassic of China except for some marine Lower-Middle Triassic depositions shows significantly local characteristics and is hardly correlated with the global chronostratigraphic chart. Consequently, the Triassic of China contains not only the international research hotspots but also difficult points in stratigraphic study. This paper aims to present a brief review of the Triassic in China, including chronostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy, and summarize an integrated Triassic stratigraphic framework of China. Accordingly, a stratigraphic correlation is proposed for the lithostratigraphic sequences among the three tectono-paleogeographic stratigraphic regions. The comprehensive study indicates that ammonoids are the classic index fossils in Triassic biostratigraphy but conodonts are more advantageous in the study and definition of the Triassic chronostratigraphic boundaries. China still has the potential to optimize the GSSPs of the Induan-Olenekian boundary and Olenekian-Anisian boundary. The correlation of the Permian-Triassic boundary between marine and terrestrial facies might be achieved with the help of the Permian-Triassic "transitional bed" and its related biotic and environmental events in association with the b

关键词： Triassic Chronostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy Chemostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Stratigraphic correlation China

Rapid Carbonate Depositional Changes Following the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction: Sedimentary Evidence from South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第2期26卷 166-180页

作者： Li Tian Jinnan Tong David Bottjer Daoliang Chu Lei Liang huyue song Haijun song State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

Various environmental changes were associated with the Permian-Triassic mass extinction at 252.2 Ma. Diverse unusual sediments and depositional phenomena have been uncovered as responses to environmental and biotic changes. Lithological and detailed conodont biostratigraphic correlations within six Permian-Triassic boundary sections in South China indicate rapid fluctuations in carbonate deposition. Four distinct depositional phases can be recognized：（1） normal carbonate deposition on the platform and slope during the latest Permian; （2） reduced carbonate deposition at the on- set of the main extinction horizon; （3） expanded areas of carbonate deposition during the Hindeodus changxingsensis Zone to the H. parvus Zone; and （4） persistent mud-enriched carbonate deposition in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic transition. Although availability of skeletal carbonate was significantly reduced during the mass extinction, the increase in carbonate deposition did not behave the same way. The rapid carbonate depositional changes, presented in this study, suggest that diverse environmental changes played key roles in the carbonate deposition of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and onset of its aftermath. An overview of hypotheses to explain these changes implies enhanced terrestrial input, abnormal ocean circulation and various geobiological processes contributed to carbonate saturation fluctuations, as the sedimentary response to large volcanic eruptions.

关键词： Permian-Triassic mass extinction carbonate sedimentary response environmental change.

The microfacies and sedimentary responses to the mass extinction during the Permian-Triassic transition at Yangou Section, Jiangxi Province, South China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第10期57卷 2195-2207页

作者： TIAN Li TONG JinNan SUN DongYing XIONG YanLin WANG ChengGang song HaiJun song huyue HUANG YunFei State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Tourism and Land Resources Faculty of Jiujiang University Wuhan Center of Geological Survey China Geological Survey

A Permian-Triassic(P-Tr) boundary section of continuous carbonate facies, which well recorded the biotic and environmental processes through the great P-Tr transition in the shallow non-microbialite carbonate facies, has been studied in Yangou, Leping County, Jiangxi Province. The P-Tr sequence is well correlated with the Meishan section according to the conodont biostratigraphy and the excursion of carbon isotopes. A series of high-resolution thin-sections from the P-Tr boundary carbonate rocks at the Yangou section are studied to explore the interrelation between environmental change and biological evolution during the transitional time. Six microfacies have been identified based upon the observation of the thin-sections under a microscope on the grains and matrix and their interrelation. Combined with the data of fossils and carbon isotopes, Microfacies 4(MF-4), coated-grain-bearing foraminifer oolitic sparitic limestone, and Microfacies 6(MF-6), dark shelly micritic limestone, should be the different responses to the two episodes of mass extinction and environmental events that can be correlated throughout South China and even over the world. The oolitic limestone of MF-4 is the first finding from the latest Permian strata in South China and it might be a proxy of an unusual environmental condition of high pCO2, low sulfate concentration and of microbial blooming in the aftermath of the latest Permian mass extinction. The micritic limestone of MF-6 containing rich micro-gastropods and ostracods probably represents the blooming event of disaster taxa in the earliest Triassic environment. The microfacies analysis at the Yangou section can well reveal the episodic process of the biological evolution and environmental change in the shallow non-microbialite carbonate facies throughout the great P-Tr transition, thus the Yangou section becomes an important complement to the Meishan section.

关键词： Permian-Triassic transition microfacies mass extinction sedimentary response Yangou Jiangxi Province

Foraminiferal Extinction and Size Reduction during the Permian–Triassic Transition in Southern Tibet

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年

作者： Lirong Yang Xu Dai Xiaokang Liu Yan Feng Shouyi Jiang Fengyu Wang huyue song Li Tian Haijun song Biogéosciences UMR 6282 CNRS Université de Bourgogne State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences

The miniaturization of organisms during the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, as an ecological strategy in response to environmental devastation, has been widely recognized in diverse marine invertebrates. Previous studies on the extinction process and miniaturization of foraminifers in the Permian-Triassic interval have relied on the fossil record of the low-latitude Paleotethys or a global database, although data and materials from the high-latitude Neotethys region are still rare. To reveal the evolutionary patterns and spatial variability of foraminifers at different latitudes and paleogeographic contexts, here we investigated the fossil distribution and size variation of foraminifers in the Selong section of southern Tibet, located in the mid-latitude Neotethys of the Southern Hemisphere during the Permian-Triassic transition. The results show that the foraminifer of the Selong section experienced a two-pulsed extinction(total species extinction rate of 71%), consistent with the time in South China but with a lower magnitude of extinction. Meanwhile, the data show that foraminiferal test volume was significantly miniaturized following the first pulse of extinction event: the mean size of post-extinction foraminifer was only 15% of that in the pre-extinction, mainly reflected by the disappearance of large forms as well as occurrences of smaller survivors and originators. Combined with the South China record, size data from southern Tibet indicate that the miniaturization of foraminifera is synchronous in the Paleotethys and Neotethys but smaller in magnitude in the Neotethys. We propose that ocean anoxia and acidification may be the environmental pressures leading to local and global foraminiferal miniaturizations, along with global warming, which might play a dominant role.

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早三叠世海洋异常的碳-氮-硫同位素记录

地球科学 2018年第11期43卷 3922-3931页

作者：宋虎跃童金南杜勇宋海军田力楚道亮中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室湖北武汉430074

早三叠世作为显生宙最大生物灭绝之后的一段特殊地质历史时期,不仅见证了海洋生物的迟缓复苏,而且记录了极其动荡的海洋环境变化,该时期异常的生物环境事件及其机制已经成为当前国际地质学者关注的重大科学问题之一.近些年来,研究学者... 详细信息

早三叠世作为显生宙最大生物灭绝之后的一段特殊地质历史时期,不仅见证了海洋生物的迟缓复苏,而且记录了极其动荡的海洋环境变化,该时期异常的生物环境事件及其机制已经成为当前国际地质学者关注的重大科学问题之一.近些年来,研究学者在早三叠世的碳-氮-硫异常循环研究中取得了许多重要的进展,这对深入理解该时期的环境演变及其对生物复苏的影响十分重要.重点回顾近年来关于早三叠世古海洋碳-氮-硫循环方面的研究进展,对当前存在的科学问题及发展趋势进行分析和总结.

关键词：早三叠世碳同位素氮同位素硫同位素海洋缺氧地层学

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峡东青林口地区新元古代地层序列及沉积演变

地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2014年第7期39卷 795-806页

作者：安志辉童金南叶琴田力宋虎跃赵小明中国地质大学生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室湖北武汉430074 武汉地质矿产研究所湖北武汉430223

峡东地区的新元古界由于保存良好的"雪球地球"沉积记录及其崩解后的"盖帽碳酸盐岩"和"庙河生物群"等关键地质记录,因而成为国际新元古界研究的热点地区之一.此次报道的青林口剖面是目前在峡东地区发现的出露最为完整的新元古代地层序列... 详细信息

峡东地区的新元古界由于保存良好的"雪球地球"沉积记录及其崩解后的"盖帽碳酸盐岩"和"庙河生物群"等关键地质记录,因而成为国际新元古界研究的热点地区之一.此次报道的青林口剖面是目前在峡东地区发现的出露最为完整的新元古代地层序列,对于揭示这一关键地质时期的重大生物演变和地球环境发展历程具有重要研究价值.重点介绍该剖面的地层序列并简要分析其沉积演变特点.该剖面出露新元古代地层自下而上依次包括莲沱组、南沱组、陡山沱组和灯影组.其中,莲沱组以紫红色砂岩夹页岩为主,由两个沉积旋回组成;南沱组角度不整合在莲沱组之上,以灰绿色杂砾岩为特征,划分为3个岩性段;陡山沱组以"盖帽白云岩"的出现为底界,以黑色硅质页岩的结束为顶界,划分为4个明显的岩性段;灯影组整体具有"两白夹一黑"的特征,自下而上划分为蛤蟆井段、石板滩段和白马沱段.青林口剖面地层出露完整,各组段岩性特征明显,清晰地反映了该区域的沉积环境演变历程.沉积记录显示,本区新元古代中期开始接受沉积,最先沉积陆相莲沱组,经历成冰纪晚期南沱组代表的"雪球"事件后转为海相沉积,埃迪卡拉纪沉积的陡山沱组和灯影组均为浅海开阔碳酸盐相或局限页岩相,成为后生动物起源和宏观藻类分异发展的创新基地.

关键词：新元古代地层序列沉积环境三峡青林口剖面