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Experimental Study on Heat Storage Properties Comparison of Paraffin/Metal Foams Phase Change Material Composites

Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 469-478页

作者： Waqar AHMED Abid hussain Hanzla SHAHID Imran ALI Hafiz Muhammad ALI Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47080Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute of Space TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Mechanical Mechatronics and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and Technology LahoreFaisalabad CampusPunjabPakistan Mechanical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems(IRC-REPS) King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Heat storage properties of phase change materials(PCMs) are essential characteristics that perform a key role in thermal heat energy storage *** thermal properties of PCMs can be improved by developing metal foam/PCM *** addition of metal foam in PCMs has a significant effect on the thermal characteristics of *** this paper,the heat storage properties of two different metal foam/PCM composites were experimentally *** behavior of paraffin in metal foam(copper and iron-nickel)/paraffin composites concerning pure paraffin at a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2) in three directions simultaneously(x,y,and z) was *** was infiltrated into copper and iron-nickel foams to develop composite materials which resulted in enhancing the thermal conductivity of the paraffin.A comparative analysis is made on the heat storage properties of paraffin in copper and iron-nickel foams/paraffin *** temperature distribution during the phase transition process is experimentally *** comparison indicates that temperature uniformity in copper foam/paraffin composite is better than in iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite and pure paraffin at the same heat *** results show that at heat flux of 1000 W/m^(2),the heat storage time for copper foam/paraffin composite is 20.63% of that of iron-nickel foam/paraffin composite.

关键词： heat storage capacity paraffin/metal foam composite temperature uniformity heat storage rate phase transition process

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Fine Sand and Clay Sediment Acoustic Properties of the Novel Sediment Sample from the Arabian Sea:Experimental Investigations and Biot−Stoll Model Validation

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第1期38卷 169-180页

作者： Shahabuddin SHAIKH HUANG Yi-wang ZHANG Ze-chuan Habib hussain ZUBERI National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology and College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China

The present study explores the physical and acoustic characteristics of fine sand and clay in novel seabed marine sediments from of Pakistan coastline of the Arabian *** measured physical parameters included mean grain size,mass density,bulk density,salinity,porosity,permeability,pore size and mineralogical *** properties,including sound speed and attenuation,in the high frequency range of 90-170 kHz were analyzed.A controlled laboratory setup with the acoustic transmission method and Fourier transform techniques was utilized to examine the sound propagation and absorption of novel seabed *** standard deviation of mean sound speed in fresh water was 0.75 m/s,and attenuation was observed in the range of 0.43 to 0.61 dB/*** mean sound velocity in sand and clay varied from 1706 to 1709 m/s and 1602 to 1608 m/s,*** average attenuation was observed at 80 to 93 dB/m in sandy sediments and from 31.8 to 38.6 dB/m in clayey *** velocity variation within sandy sediment is low,consistent with expected results,and smaller than the predicted ***,clay sediment exhibited a positive linear correlation and low sound speed *** increased linearly with frequency for both ***,the laboratory results were validated by using the Biot−Stoll *** dispersion of sound speed in sandy and clayey sediments was consistent with the predictions of the Biot−Stoll *** attenuation aligned more with Biot−Stoll model predictions due to improved permeability,tortuosity and pore size parameter fitting.

关键词： physical and acoustic characteristics marine sediments sound speed attenuation Biot−Stoll model

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Knowledge and discriminatory attitudes towards HIV/AIDS among the women of reproductive age group of Pakistan using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey(MICS)

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 74-82页

作者： Remsha hussain Russell Kabir School of Allied Health Faculty of HealthMedicine and Social CareAnglia Ruskin UniversityUnited Kingdom

Background Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS)has become a major worldwide public health issue,with a focus on developing *** having a very low HIV prevalence,South Asia faces serious issues with stigma and false information because of a lack of *** stigma highlights significant gaps in popular awareness while also sustaining unfavorable attitudes towards those living with HIV/*** is ranked second in South Asia for the rapidly increasing AIDS *** information and optimistic outlooks are essential for successful HIV/AIDS prevention,control,and *** false beliefs about how HIV/AIDS spreads lead to negative perceptions,which highlights the need to look into how women’s knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Pakistan are influenced by sociodemographic traits and *** The purpose of this study is to evaluate Pakistani women’s discriminatory attitudes and level of awareness on HIV/*** study used data(the women in reproductive age 15-49 years’dataset)from the Pakistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to conduct an analytical cross-sectional *** represent the respondents’attitudes and knowledge towards people living with HIV(PLHIV),two composite variables were developed and composite *** logistics regression was used to identify predictor variables and chi-square was used for bivariate *** The findings reveal that almost 90%of Pakistani women have poor knowledge and attitude with HIV/*** Punjab,72.8%of rural residents have low knowledge,whereas only 20.6%of young individuals(15-<25 years old)show the least amount of *** is shown to be crucial,and“Higher”education is associated with superior *** dwellers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa typically have more *** of HIV is positively correlated with education;those with higher education levels know a lot more(odds ratio[OR]=5.419).Similarly,quintil

关键词： HIV/AIDS PLHIV Knowledge Attitudes Women Pakistan

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Underwater image clarifying based on human visual colour constancy using double-opponency

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第3期9卷 632-648页

作者： Bin Kong Jing Qian Pinhao Song Jing Yang Amir hussain Institute of Intelligent Machines Chinese Academy of SciencesHefeiChina Peng Cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina Anhui Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensing and Advanced Robot Technology HefeiChina University of Science and Technology of China HefeiChina Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School ShenzhenChina Edinburgh Napier University EdinburghScotland

Underwater images are often with biased colours and reduced contrast because of the absorption and scattering effects when light propagates in *** images with degradation cannot meet the needs of underwater *** main problem in classic underwater image restoration or enhancement methods is that they consume long calcu-lation time,and often,the colour or contrast of the result images is still *** of using the complicated physical model of underwater imaging degradation,we propose a new method to deal with underwater images by imitating the colour constancy mechanism of human vision using ***,the original image is converted to the LMS *** the signals are linearly combined,and Gaussian convolutions are per-formed to imitate the function of receptive fields(RFs).Next,two RFs with different sizes work together to constitute the double-opponency ***,the underwater light is estimated to correct the colours in the *** contrast stretching on the luminance is *** show that the proposed method can obtain clarified underwater images with higher quality than before,and it spends significantly less time cost compared to other previously published typical methods.

关键词： computers computer vision image processing image reconstruction

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Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang Alejandro Ruiz-Acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

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M_(4)X_(3) MXenes:Application in Energy Storage Devices

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 522-542页

作者： Iftikhar hussain Waqas Ul Arifeen Shahid Ali Khan Sikandar Aftab Muhammad Sufyan Javed Sajjad hussain Muhammad Ahmad Xi Chen Jiyun Zhao PRosaiah Khaled Fahmi Fawy Adnan Younis Sumanta Sahoo Kaili Zhang Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloon TongHong KongPeople's Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityDaehak-roGyeongsan-siGyeongbuk-do 38541South Korea Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering and Clean Energy Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People's Republic of China Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea Department of Physics Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)ThandalamChennai 602105India Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 900461413 AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceUnited Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box 15551Al-AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 38541South Korea

MXene has garnered widespread recognition in the scientific com-munity due to its remarkable properties,including excellent thermal stability,high conductivity,good hydrophilicity and dispersibility,easy processability,tunable surface properties,and admirable *** have been categorized into different families based on the number of M and X layers in M_(n+1)X_(n),such as M_(2)X,M_(3)X_(2),M_(4)X_(3),and,recently,M_(5)X_(4).Among these families,M_(2)X and M_(3)X_(2),par-ticularly Ti_(3)C_(2),have been greatly explored while limited studies have been given to M_(5)X_(4)MXene ***,studies on the M_(4)X_(3)MXene family have developed recently,hence,demanding a compilation of evaluated ***,this review provides a systematic overview of the latest advancements in M_(4)X_(3)MXenes,focusing on their properties and applications in energy storage *** objective of this review is to provide guidance to researchers on fostering M_(4)X_(3)MXene-based nanomaterials,not only for energy storage devices but also for broader applications.

关键词： MXene M_(4)X_(3)MXenes 2D materials Energy storage Properties

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Discharge evolution law of debris flow based on a sharp bend physical modeling test

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1904-1915页

作者： LU Ming SUN Hao LIU Jinfeng Abrar hussain SHANG Yuqi FU Hang Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

For the basins with debris flow development,its channel terrain exhibits a tortuous shape,which significantly restricts the movement of debris flows and leads to severe erosion effects on the concave ***,this study aims to analyze the shear force of debris flows within the bend *** established the relationship between the shear force and bend curvature through laboratory *** the long-term erosion by debris flows,the curvature radius of bends gradually increases,however,when this increasing trend reaches an equilibrium state with the intensity of debris flow discharge,there will be no significant change in curvature *** general,the activity pattern and discharges of debris flows would remain relatively ***,we can infer the magnitude of debris flow discharges from the terrain parameters of the bend channel.

关键词： Debris flow discharge Erosion effect Bend channel Curvature radius

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Review on current development of polybenzimidazole membrane for lithium battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 579-608页

作者： Yonggui Deng Arshad hussain Waseem Raza Xingke Cai Dongqing Liu Jun Shen College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management(IRC-HTCM) King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsKFUPM Box 504031261 DhahranSaudi Arabia Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060GuangdongChina

With the rapid development of portable technology,lithium batteries have emerged as potential candidates for high-performance energy storage systems owing to their high energy density and cycling *** the key components of a lithium battery system,the separator plays a critical role as it directly influences the battery performance benchmark(cycling performance and safety).However,traditional polyolefin separators(polypropylene/polyethylene)are unable to meet the demands of highperformance and safer battery systems due to their poor electrolyte compatibility,thermal runaways,and ultimate growth of *** contrast,membranes fabricated using polybenzimidazole(PBI)exhibit excellent electrolyte wettability and outstanding thermal dimensional stability,thus holding great potential as separators for high-performance and high-safety *** this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the general requirements for separators,synthesis technology for separators,and research trends focusing PBI membranes in lithium batteries to alleviate the current commercial challenges faced by conventional polyolefin *** addition,we discuss the future development direction for PBI battery separators by considering various factors such as production cost,ecological footprint,preparation technology,and battery component *** exploring these perspectives,we aim to promote the continued application and exploration of PBI-based materials to advance lithium battery technology.

关键词： Lithium batteries Separators Porous separators Polybenzimidazole Membrane

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Anticipating the lifespan: Predicting the durability of an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell short stack over 50,000 h

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 606-613页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Khan Amjad hussain Seung-Bok Lee Tak-Hyoung Lim Rak-Hyun Song Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Hydrogen Energy Research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Advanced Energy and System Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

In the present study, the operational lifetime of a solid oxide fuel(SOFC) short stack is predicted by investigating the performance degradation of both the short stack and its cells throughout 1000 h at 800°C. The short stack and integral cell voltages are continuously measured during the long-term test, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) conducted every 200 h. The short stack voltage decreased rapidly for the initial 200–300 h and afterwards, it decreased at a slow rate due to the increase in the Ohmic and polarization resistances in the same manner. Scanning electron microscopy results show that there is no delamination or cracking among constituent layers of the short-stack cells. The single degradation effects of the Ni coarsening in the anode, cation migration and surface segregation in cathode and oxide scale growth in metallic interconnect mesh are successfully integrated into a comprehensive lifetime prediction model. The experimentally measured voltage degradation data of the short stack fits well with the developed mathematical model and allows the successful prediction of the lifetime up to 50,000 h.

关键词： Degradation Impedance Lifetime SOFC Stack

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Spatiotemporal evolution and assembly processes of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic communities in 1 000-year-old coastal reclaimed soils

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 709-725页

作者： Sarfraz hussain Yifan YIN Senlin LIU Shanshan YAN Dongjie CHEN Hui CAO Feng WANG Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences Ningbo Academy of Agricultural SciencesNingbo 315040China

Coastal marshes are transitional areas between terrestrial and aquatic *** are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic *** recent decades,the reclamation of coastal marshes has greatly increased,and its effects on microbial communities in coastal marshes have been studied with great *** of these studies have explained the short-term spatiotemporal variation in soil microbial community ***,the impact of reclamation on the community composition and assembly processes of functional microbes(e.g.,ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes)is often *** this study,using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the Ion S5™XL sequencing platform,we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics,assembly processes,and diversity patterns of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in 1000-year-old reclaimed coastal salt *** taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity and composition of ammonia oxidizers showed apparent spatiotemporal variations with soil *** null modelling-based analysis showed that across all sites,the archaeal ammonia-oxidizing community was assembled by a deterministic process(84.71%),and deterministic processes were also dominant(55.2%)for ammonia-oxidizing bacterial communities except for communities at 60 years of *** assembly process and nitrification activity in reclaimed soils were positively *** abundance of the amoA gene and changes in ammonia-oxidizing archaeal and bacterial diversities significantly affected the nitrification activity in reclaimed *** findings suggest that long-term coastal salt marsh reclamation affects nitrification by modulating the activities of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and regulating their community structures and assembly *** results provide a better understanding of the effects of long-term land reclamation on soil nitrogen-cycling microbial communities.

关键词： ammonia oxidizer beta nearest taxon index coastal salt marshes community assembly deterministic process nitrification rate stochastic process

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