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Effects of biochar on soil water retention curves of compacted clay during wetting and drying

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1117-1130页

作者： James Tsz fung Wong Ka Lai Chow Xun Wen Chen Charles Wang Wai Ng Ming hung Wong Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongSARChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongSARChina Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongSARChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Compacted clay possesses a low water permeability and has been widely used in geo-environmental facilities such as landfill cover systems.Recent studies revealed the potential applications of compacted biochar-amended clay(BAC)as an alternative landfill cover soil.However,the effects of biochar on the soil water retention curves(SWRCs)of clay at low suction are not known.This study can help fill this knowledge gap by measuring the wetting and drying SWRCs of clay and BAC(20%biochar).Soils were compacted in instrumented soil columns and subjected to a wetting and drying cycle,and soil water content and suction were measured along with the soil depth.BAC was saturated faster when compared with clay.Upon drying,the soil water content of clay at 65 mm depth dropped to almost zero,while about 5%of water was retained in BAC.It showed that biochar increased the soil water retention capacity of compacted clay upon drying.SWRCs showed that biochar-clay composite possesses a higher soil water retention capacity at a low soil suction range(<1000 kPa)compared with clay alone.It revealed the benefits of using compacted biochar-clay composite as a hydraulic barrier to minimize desiccation-induced cracks and potentially promote its serviceability,especially in arid and semi-arid regions.The composite is also a carbon sink material that can reduce landfill gas emissions and pollutant leaching.

关键词： Soil amendment Biochar-clay composite Soil carbon Soil suction Soil depth

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Adaptive Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm for Identifying Motor Systems

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2015年第3期5卷 69-86页

作者： Rong-Fong fung Chun-hung Lin Department of Mechanical & Automation Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung Taiwan

In this paper, the main objective is to identify the parameters of motors, which includes a brushless direct current (BLDC) motor and an induction motor. The motor systems are dynamically formulated by the mechanical and electrical equations. The real-coded genetic algorithm (RGA) is adopted to identify all parameters of motors, and the standard genetic algorithm (SRGA) and various adaptive genetic algorithm (ARGAs) are compared in the rotational angular speeds and fitness values, which are the inverse of square differences of angular speeds. From numerical simulations and experimental results, it is found that the SRGA and ARGA are feasible, the ARGA can effectively solve the problems with slow convergent speed and premature phenomenon, and is more accurate in identifying system’s parameters than the SRGA. From the comparisons of the ARGAs in identifying parameters of motors, the best ARGA method is obtained and could be applied to any other mechatronic systems.

关键词： Adaptive Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm (ARGA) Brushless Direct Current Motor (BLDC) Electrical Fan Induction Motor System Identification

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Characterizing the optimal operation of photocatalytic degradation of BDE-209 by nano-sized TiO_2

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1670-1678页

作者： Ka Lai Chow Yu Bon Man Jin Shu Zheng Yan Liang Nora fung Yee Tam Ming hung Wong Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China Department of Biology and Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Brominated flame retardants have been widely used in industry. There is a rapid growing public concern for their availabilities in the environment. Advanced oxidation process （AOP） is a promising and efficient technology which may be used to remove emerging chemicals such as brominated flame retardants. This study aims at investigating optimal operational conditions for the removal of BDE-209 using nano-scaled titanium（IV） oxide. The residual PBDE congeners after photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 by TiO2 were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. It was found that the degradability of BDE-209 by TiO2 was attributed to its photocatalytic activity but not the small size of the particles. The half-life of removing BDE-209 by TiO2 was 3.05 days under visible light. Tetra- and penta-BDEs were the major degraded products of BDE-209. Optimum conditions for photocatalytical degradation of BDE-209 was found to be at pH 12 （93% ± 1%）, 5, 10, 20 mg/L （93.0% ± 1.70%, 91.6% ± 3.21%, 91.9% ± 0.952%, respectively）, respectively of humic acid and in the form of anatase/rutile TiO2 （82% ± 3%）. Hence, the efficiency of removing BDE-209 can be maximized while being cost effective at the said operating conditions.

关键词： PBDEs TiO2 photocatalysis hydroxyl radicals

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The Upper Ocean Thermal Structure and the Genesis Locations of Tropical Cyclones in the South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2007年第2期6卷 125-131页

作者： WANG Lei fung Chi-hung Lau Kai-Hon Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR P. R. China Institute for the Environment Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR P. R. China

The relationship between the upper ocean thermal structure and the genesis locations of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated by using the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track archives and high resolution (1/4 degree) temperature analyses of the world's oceans in this paper. In the monthly mean genesis positions of TCs from 1945 to 2005 in the SCS, the mean sea surface temperature (SST) was 28.8℃ and the mean depth of 26℃ water was 53.1 m. From the monthly distribution maps of genesis positions of TCs, SST and the depth of 26℃ water in the SCS, we discovered that there existed regions with SST exceeding 26℃ and 26℃ water depth exceeding 50 m where no tropical cyclones formed from 1945 to 2005 in the SCS, which suggests that there were other factors unfavorable for TC formation in these regions.

关键词：中国南海热带气旋上层海洋热力结构形成地点

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Terminal ileum gangrene secondary to a type Ⅳ paraesophageal hernia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第8期22卷 2642-2646页

作者： Ching Tsai Hsu Po Jen Hsiao Chih Chien Chiu Jenq Shyong Chan Yee fung Lin Yuan hung Lo Chia Jen Hsiao Department of Internal Medicine Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Division of Nephrology Department of Internal Medicine Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Division of General Surgery Department of Surgery Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital

Type Ⅳ paraesophageal hernia(PEH) is very rare, and is characterized by the intrathoracic herniation of the abdominal viscera other than the stomach into the chest. We describe a 78-year-old woman who presented at our emergency department because of epigastric pain that she had experienced over the past 24 h. On the day after admission, her pain became severe and was accompanied by right chest pain and dyspnea. Chest radiography revealed an intrathoracic intestinal gas bubble occupying the right lower lung field. Emergency explorative laparotomy identified a type Ⅳ PEH with herniation of only the terminal ileum through a hiatal defect into the right thoracic cavity. In this report, we also present a review of similar cases in the literature published between 1980 and 2015 in Pub Med. There were four published cases of small bowel herniation into the thoracic cavity during this period. Our patient represents a rare case of an individual diagnosed with type Ⅳ PEH with incarceration of only the terminal ileum.

关键词： Gangrene Hiatal Ileum Paraesophageal hernia Thoracic cavity

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COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Mei hung Joanna Leung Kin Hang Kung Ian Siu-kiu Yau Yan Yee fung Kirran Nazesh Mohammad Cheong Chi Andrew Lau Ka Wing Albert Au Shuk Kwan Chuang Centre for Health Protection Department of HealthKowloonHong KongChina

Background:COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly(RCHEs)and for persons with disability(RCHDs)have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong Kong.This article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe outcomes.Methods:To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage,documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes(RCH)residents reported between December 31,2021 and May 31,2022 were reviewed,and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or death.Correlation between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was examined.Infected RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and death.Results:COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs(median 0.46,IQR:0.24-0.76)and very low in RCHEs(median 0.08,IQR:0.00-0.19).Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents(median 0.84,IQR:0.64-0.93)and higher case fatality rate(CFR:28.1%)than in RCHDs(median 0.58,IQR:0.31-0.84;CFR:3.9%).The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs(ρ=−0.131,p<0.001)and RCHDs(ρ=−0.333,p<0.001).Comparing with infected residents who were unvaccinated/vaccinated with one-dose,receiving at least two-dose was estimated to be effective in reducing severe outcomes in 31%and 36%of infected RCHE and RCHD residents respectively;with greater reduction in mortality among RCHD than RCHE residents(54%and 38%,respectively).Vaccine effectiveness of two-dose of BNT162b2 against severe outcomes and death are higher than that of CoronaVac.Conclusions:Increasing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in RCHs.At least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in RCHs during Omicron epidemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Attack rates Long-term care facilities Vaccine effectiveness Severe outcomes Hong Kong China

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Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 196-206页

作者： Yu Bon Man Ka Lai Chow Zhang Cheng Wing Yin Mo Yung Hau Chan James Chung Wah Lam Frankie Tat Kwong Lau Wing Cheong fung Ming hung Wong Consortium on Health EnvironmentEducation and Research(CHEER)and Department of Science and Environmental StudiesThe Education University of Hong KongTai PoHong KongChina Department of Environmental Engineering Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510630China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution Croucher Institute for Environmental SciencesHong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong KongChina Department of Geography Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong KongChina College of Environment Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution and Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health City University of Hong KongKowioon TongHong KongChina The Drainage Services Department The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionHong KongChina

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works （SCISTW and STSTW） in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment, respectively. This study aimed at （1） determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs, （2） comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and （3） characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants （STPs）. Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes （from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ns/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal effidency 94.4% ± 4.12% us. 79.2% ± 7.48% （p 〈 0.05）. The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples （dewatered sludge contained 92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively） than liquid samples （final efffluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively）. Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs （1.85 and 39.3 ks/year, respectively for the two STPs） being discharged into Hone Kon coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.

关键词： Sewage treatment plantsPAHsRemoval efficiencySludgeSewage

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Diagnostic challenge of lipomatous uterine tumors in three patients

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World Journal of Radiology 2012年第2期4卷 58-62页

作者： Chi-Yeung Chu Yip-Kan Tang Tin-Sang Augustine Chan Yu-Hon Wan Kai-hung fung Department of Radiology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Department of Radiology Union Hospital

Lipomatous uterine tumors are uncommon benign neoplasms, with incidence ranging from 0.03% to 0.2%. They can generally be subdivided into two types: pure or mixed lipomas. A third group of malignant neoplasm has been proposed, which is liposarcoma; however, this is very rare. In this article, we report three patients having lipomatous uterine tumors, including one uterine lipoma and two uterine lipoleiomyomas. All our patients are postmenopausal women, which is the typical presenting age group. They did not have any symptoms and the tumors were only found incidentally on imaging. However, in some patients, symptoms may uncommonly occur. If symptoms occur, these are similar to those of leiomyoma. We illustrate the imaging features of the tumors in our patients with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The tumor typically appears as a well-defined homogenously hyperechoic lesion on ultrasound. It shows fat density on CT scan and signal intensity of fat on MRI. MRI is the modality of choice because of its multiplanar capability and its ability to demonstrate fat component of the lesion, as illustrated in our cases. We also discuss the importance of differentiating lipomatous uterine tumors from other lesions, especially ovarian teratoma which requires surgical intervention. Despite the rarity and the common asymptomatic nature of the tumors, we believe that this series of three cases demonstrates a review of a rare tumor which provides important knowledge for patient management.

关键词： Uterus Uterine neoplasms Magnetic resonance imaging Leiomyoma Lipomatous

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Overview of methodologies and statistical strategies in observational studies and meta-analyses on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B on entecavir or tenofovir therapy

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 143-156页

作者： Terry Cheuk-fung Yip Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Mandy Sze-Man Lai Vicki Wing-Ki Hui Yee-KitTse Grace Lai-hung Wong Medical Data Analytics Centre Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine and Therapeutics 9/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences BuildingPrince of Wales Hospital30-32 Ngan Shing StreetShatinHong KongChina Institute of Digestive Disease The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Entecavir(ETV)and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)are first-line antiviral therapies for patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and reduce the risk of disease progression and liver-related complications,as well as improve survival by effectively suppressing viral replication.Nevertheless,since the first publication in 2019 on a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in Korean patients receiving TDF than those receiving ETV,the topic has remained a hot and unsettled debate.Multiple studies and meta-analyses have yielded conflicting results.As HCC takes time to develop,studies are mainly observational to benefit from a larger sample size and longer follow-up that provides a higher statistical power to compare the two treatments.However,TDF was available to CHB patients a few years later than ETV in most countries,thus leading to a difference in follow-up duration.Moreover,despite studying the same topic,the difference in data sources and available parameters,inclusion and exclusion criteria,and use of statistical methods complicated the interpretation and comparison of the findings and contributed to between-study heterogeneity in meta-analyses.This review describes some caveats in interpreting and comparing the results from these observational studies and meta-analyses.Future studies should explore better designed observational studies with high-quality data sources,and aggregation of patient data in metaanalysis to tackle between-study heterogeneity.

关键词： Bias confounding hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma liver cancer nucleos(t)ide analogues propensity score

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Numerical Simulation of the Genesis of Typhoon Durian (2001) over the South China Sea:the Effect of Sea Surface Temperature

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2010年第2期9卷 99-115页

作者： WANG Lei LAU Kai-Hon fung Chi-hung Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China Institute for the Environment Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong P. R. China

Typhoon Durian (2001),which formed over the South China Sea (SCS),was simulated by using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The genesis of typhoon Durian which formed in the monsoon trough was reproduced by numerical simulations. The simulated results agree reasonably well with observations. Two numerical experiments in which the sea surface temperature (SST) was either decreased or increased were performed to investigate the impact of the SST on the genesis of the ty-phoon. When the SST was decreased by 5℃ uniformly for all grids in the model,the winds calculated became divergent in the lower troposphere and convergent in the upper troposphere,creating conditions in which the amount of total latent heat release (TLHR) was low and the tropical cyclone (TC) could not be formed. This simulation shows the importance of the convergence in the lower tropo-sphere and the divergence in the upper troposphere for the genesis of the initial vortex. When the SST was increased by 1℃ uni-formly for all grids,a stronger typhoon was generated in the results with an increase of about 10 m s-1 in the maximum surface wind speed. Only minor differences in intensity were noted during the first 54 h in the simulation with the warmer SST,but apparent dif-ferences in intensity occurred after 54 h when the vortex began to strengthen to typhoon strength. This experiment shows that warmer SST will speed the strengthening from tropical storm strength to typhoon strength and increase the maximum intensity reached,while only minor impact can be seen during the earlier stage of genesis before the TC reaches the tropical storm strength. The results sug-gest that the amount of TLHR may be the dominant factor in determining the formation and the intensification of the TC.

关键词：海表面温度数值模拟 Sea 成因中国榴莲台风

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